The Effect of Training on Yili Horse 1 600 m Test Results and Heart Rate Variability

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different training stages on the performance and heart rate variability(HRV) of Yili horses and to provide data for reference in the conditioning training of 1 600 m distance Yili horses.【Method】 Eight 3-year-old Yili horses (stallions) were selected as test subjects.A 3-month speed specific performance training program was conducted, and a speed test race was organized in the last week of each month of training, and HRV was collected before, immediately after, 0.5 h after, and 1 h after 1 600 m test race.Among them, the time-domain indexes included the mean of all R-R intervals (Mean RR), the standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), the mean heart rate (Mean HR), the root mean square of the difference between adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD), the number of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms (NN50), and the percentage of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms to the total number of heartbeats (pNN50).Frequency domain metrics included very low frequency (VLF), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF) and nonlinear metrics:standard deviation (Y) of all R-R-spacing (SD1), standard deviation (X) of all R-R-spacing (SD2).Consequently, the variability of HRV indexes in horses at different training stages was analyzed.【Result】 The race time in the post training period in 1 600 m speed test race of Yili horses was significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05), and Mean RR, NN50 and pNN50 in the middle and post training periods were significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05).Mean HR in the beginning of training was significantly lower than that in post training (P<0.05).VLF and LF in the end of training were significantly lower than that in the beginning of training (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this test, the HRV indexes of 1 600 m test race of Yili horses in different conditioning training stages were analyzed.The outcomes demonstrated that the types of neural activity in Yili horses at the beginning, middle and end of training presented some differences, showing changes of increased sympathetic excitability and decreased parasympathetic excitability, and the horses' athletic performance improved.Therefore, HRV could be considered as an effective tool to evaluate the training load and intensity of Yili horses during training.     

靶向口蹄疫病毒IRES区RNA干扰位点的选择及shRNA表达载体的构建与鉴定

以口蹄疫病毒WFL株为试验株,对口蹄疫病毒的IRES序列进行了保守性分析和RNA二级结构预测,推测高度保守的FMDV复制原点区域位于容易被siRNA结合的IRESRNA二级结构的环区,因此,在该区选择确定了2个siRNA干扰靶位,设计并合成能表达其小发夹结构shRNA的表达模板,克隆到含有U6启动子的真核表达载体中,建立了靶向口蹄疫病毒IRES区的siRNA真核表达系统,为进一步研究针对该区的RNA干扰对口蹄疫病毒的抑制作用打下了基础。     

铅对昆明小鼠肾脏毒性的病理学观察

采用醋酸铅灌胃于成年昆明小鼠,观察铅致小鼠肾脏的病理形态变化。取小鼠分为4组,分别为醋酸铅高、中、低剂量组(40、20、10mg/kg)、生理盐水阴性对照组,经口灌胃每天定时定量连续给药40d。取小鼠肾脏经甲醛固定,常规石蜡包埋切片,HE染色,显微镜下观察小鼠肾脏的组织形态。结果表明,各试验组肾皮质部小管上皮细胞肿胀,胞质疏松,染色浅,空泡变性,发生广泛性颗粒变性,部分肾小管上皮细胞嗜酸性坏死;高剂量组肾皮质部肾小管周围大量淋巴细胞浸润,肾小管上皮细胞表现明显的颗粒变性和嗜酸性坏死,肾小球体积萎缩,结构破坏,出现局灶性硬化;部分肾小管管腔内可见嗜酸性凝固物,肾小球毛细血管扩张充血;中剂量组病变相对较轻;而低剂量组无明显形态学异常。结果提示铅对小鼠肾脏有毒性作用,且随剂量增加损伤加重。     

巨型艾美球虫配子体gam82基因的克隆表达与免疫原性分析

提取巨型艾美球虫(Eimeria maxima)南通株(NT株)配子体总RNA,应用RT-PCR技术对gam82基因进行克隆,并对其核苷酸及氨基酸进行序列分析.结果表明,克隆的基因全长为1 791个核苷酸,具有一个完整的开放阅读框,编码596个氨基酸,与GenBank中发表的Houghton株gam82基因同源性为100%.根据对推导的氨基酸序列的二级结构和抗原表位分析的结果,筛选免疫原性良好的区域,命名为gam82-Y,进行原核表达.重组菌经过IPTG诱导后,通过SDS-PAGE电泳和Western-blot检测,gam82-Y基因片段在大肠杆菌中得到了融合表达,相对分子质量约为53 000.可溶性分析表明,融合蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在.以 E.maxima高免血清为一抗进行Western-blot检测,显示重组抗原gam82-Y具有免疫原性.     

碱茅耐盐碱基因克隆研究进展

从盐生植物里分离相关抗盐碱功能基因,是研究植物抗盐碱机理和选育耐盐碱植物新品种的关键。碱茅不仅是一种优良的牧草,还是一种宝贵的盐生种质资源,为相关研究提供了丰富的耐盐碱基因。从碱茅中分离克隆这些基因,并分析其结构、功能及表达特性,不仅有助于培育耐盐碱转基因作物,而且可以为我国盐碱草地的改良和治理提供理论依据。因此,笔者综述了近年来碱茅耐盐碱基因的研究进展。     

几种常见桑树病害的识别与防治

桑树是蚕桑产业的重要物质基础。为确保桑树健康成长,促进产业发展,桑树病害的有效识别与及时防控尤为重要。真核微生物、原核微生物及非细胞类病毒中均存在能引发桑树传染性病害的病原微生物。其中由真核微生物引起的桑里白粉病与桑椹菌核病,原核微生物引起的桑青枯病与桑疫病是爆发频繁、危害极大的桑树病害。本文就这四种桑树病害的病原、侵染循环、病害识别及防治方法等进行系统梳理,并简要介绍几种非细胞类微生物引起的桑树病害,以期为生产上防治相关病害提供参考。     

Study on Expression Difference of IGFBP-5 Gene in Different Tissues of Kazakh and Yanqi Horses

The study aimed to explore the mRNA expression pattern of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) gene in different tissues of Kazakh and Yanqi horses.The expression of IGFBP-5 gene in different tissues of heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,small intestine,large intestine,cecum,intercostal muscles,longissimus dorsi muscles,brachialis muscle and gluteus in two horses were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR and compared the mRNA expression in the same tissues of two breeds.The results showed that the expression of IGFBP-5 in longissimus dorsi muscle and brachialis muscle of two breeds were significantly higher than other tissues including heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,small intestine,large intestine and cecum (P<0.05),and was the lowest in large intestine.The expression of IGFBP-5 in kidney,small intestine,large intestine,cecum,longissimus dorsi muscle and brachialis muscles of Yanqi horse were higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse,and among those in longissimus dorsi muscle and large intestine of Yanqi horse were extremely significantly higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse (P<0.01),and in small intestine and cecum of Yanqi horse were significantly higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse (P<0.05).The test was for further researching the biological function of IGFBP-5 gene,and it could provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of production performance of horse in our country.     

农村高效、生态型奶牛养殖基地建设的实践与探索

"杨凌农村高效、生态型奶牛小区示范基地建设"项目实施成功的案例的表明:目前在我国农村推广"公司 科技专家 养殖小区(基地) 农户"的模式,解开了销售难、资金少、技术低三个一直困扰奶牛发展的死结,为农村产业结构调整,农民增收探索一条新路。     

大豆活性成分在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展

主要介绍大豆活性成分及其在畜禽生产中的应用,旨在为研究者提供理论依据,为畜禽生产者提供指导。     

日粮中添加亮氨酸对生长大鼠血浆瘦素水平和骨骼肌蛋白质代谢的影响

试验旨在探讨添加亮氨酸的日粮对生长大鼠生长性能、骨骼肌蛋白质代谢和瘦素分泌的影响。试验选用24只4周龄雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠作为试验动物,分别饲喂添加3%L-亮氨酸的试验日粮和添加2.04%L-丙氨酸的对照日粮,试验期为12 d。试验第12天,所有大鼠大剂量一次性腹腔注射L-[ring-2H5]苯丙氨酸注射液。结果表明:日粮添加亮氨酸对大鼠生长性能没有显著影响(P>0.05);试验组大鼠血浆中瘦素浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。持续饲喂试验日粮的大鼠腓肠肌和比目鱼肌的蛋白质分解均显著低于对照组大鼠(P<0.01),但仅腓肠肌蛋白质合成显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。总之,长期饲喂添加L-亮氨酸的日粮可以提高生长大鼠血浆中瘦素浓度,并可显著调节生长大鼠骨骼肌蛋白质代谢。