Physiological responses of Populus euphratica Oliv. to groundwater table variations in the lower reaches of Heihe River, Northwest China

Riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of Heihe River serves important ecological functions. However, the riparian ecosystems have been constantly deteriorating in the past 30 years simply due to water interception for oasis agricultural irrigation in the middle reaches of the river. This study pays a particular attention to Populus euphratica Oliv. forest because it is a dominant component of the riparian ecosystem in the lower reaches of Heihe River where the depth of groundwater table is the controlling factor in sustaining riparian ecosystems. To reveal leaf-related physiological responses of Populus euphratica Oliv. forest to groundwater table variations, we analyzed the relationships between the depth of groundwater table (DG) and three leaf-related parameters, i.e. leaf stomatal density (SD), specific leaf area (SLA), and stable carbon isotopic composition (δ 13 C). Our results show that the relationship between DG and leaf SD is a bi-mode one shaped by both salt stress and water stress. That is, salt stress appeared in shallow groundwater conditions and water stress happened in deep groundwater conditions, and the thin layer around 2.7 m of DG is a stress-free layer. Leaf SD fluctuated according to the DG variation, first decreased with increasing DG, then increased at depths ranging 2.7-3.7 m, and after a relatively stable plateau of SD at depths ranging 3.7-5.2 m, decreased again with increasing DG. Our results also show that SLA decreased exponentially with increasing DG and foliar δ 13 C values are also strongly dependent on DG, further demonstrating that these two parameters are sensitive indicators of water stress. The exponential curve suggests that SLA is more sensitive to DG when groundwater table is shallow and 3 m seems to be a threshold beyond which SLA becomes less sensitive to DG. Foliar δ 13 C becomes more sensitive when the groundwater table is deep and 7 m seems to be a threshold below which the δ 13 C signature becomes more sensitive to DG. These findings should be helpful in monitoring the growth and development of Populus euphratica Oliv. forests and also in providing protection measures (i.e. DG related) for Heihe River riparian forests.     

婺源县观光农业重点布局与区划

综合考虑婺源油菜种植区域及交通、旅游景点的分布,划分观光农业重点布局区域,以期达到优化婺源旅游资源的目的.基于婺源耕地油菜种植适宜性评价之上,利用GIS软件,叠加分析旅游景点及县域境内公路,对县域内观光农业重点布局进行区划.研究结果将婺源划分为8个重点布局区域,将以上8个区域划分为森林公园、休闲茶园及民俗观光村3种类型,为婺源发展观光农业、优化产业布局提供了科学依据.     

丝瓜汁抗菌效果的研究

以生活中常见的黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)为试验菌,提取丝瓜(Luffa cylindrica)汁作为抑菌物质,考察不同浓度的丝瓜汁对黑曲霉的抑菌效果.结果表明,当丝瓜汁浓度为0.01 g/mL、温度为25～35℃时为部分抑菌,温度为45℃时为完全抑菌;浓度低于0.001 g/mL、温度为25～45℃时完全不抑菌.     

光触媒复剂对月季光合作用特性的影响

以2年生月季嫁接苗为试材,研究光触媒复剂对月季光合作用特性的影响。结果表明:质量分数为2.0%的光触媒对于提高温室条件下月季植株的光合作用有显著效果,在处理后的第5天净光合速率达到14μmol/(m2.s)(CO2);不同质量分数的光触媒处理对月季叶片叶绿素含量的影响效果为2.0%>0.5%>CK>1.0%;不同质量分数的光触媒对月季叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的原初光能转化效率Fv/Fm和PSⅡ潜在活性Fv/Fo的影响较小,而质量分数为2.0%的光触媒能显著提高作用光下的实际PSⅡ光化学效率PSⅡ和月季切花枝的干物质积累。     

不同施肥水平对旱地马铃薯水分利用效率的影响

基于内蒙古武川县旱地农田试验,研究施肥对马铃薯耗水量及水分利用效率的影响,以期为区域农业可持续发展与生态建设提供科学依据。研究显示:随着施肥量的增加,耗水量加大,但施肥量达到一定程度时耗水量开始减少;在多雨年,产量和耗水量都较高;在少雨年,产量和耗水量均较低。马铃薯产量与耗水量之间相关关系呈对数型曲线。综合考虑产量与水分利用效率,在多雨年,中肥处理既能保证较高的水分利用效率,也能保证较高产量;少雨年采取低肥处理,正常年采取中低肥处理较适宜。研究表明,农业生产中应根据不同降水水平,通过适度施肥来提高马铃薯田水分利用效率,从而达到稳产并节水保墒的目的。     

建水县肥料施用现状调查

对建水县肥料施用现状进行调查,并结合当地农业局提供的数据资料,分析该县主要农作物的农田施肥状况和养分结构。结果表明:建水县农田养分补充主要依赖化学肥料,有机肥施用量较少;化肥施用上存在重氮轻磷现象,氮、磷比例有所失衡,钾素、中微量元素养分供应不足。为提高肥料利用率,今后应增加有机肥施用量,控制化学氮肥用量,增施磷、钾肥,适当补施微肥。     

生长相关的微卫星标记在镜鲤繁殖群体中的验证

利用大样本镜鲤繁殖群体分析和验证8个生长相关微卫星标记与体质量和体长的相关性：结果显示：8个微卫星标记在镜鲤繁殖群体中均获得了稳定、清晰的DNA条带,片段大小在100-322bp之间,共检测到33个等位基因、75种基因型。对每个微卫星座位的基因型与体质量、体长性状进行相关性分析发现,HLJ343与体质量、体长显著相关;HLJ319、HLJ302及HLJE339与体长显著相关。本研究用大样本随机群体证实了此4个QTL位点与体质量或体长性状具有相关性,下一步可根据优势基因型指导家系配组,开展基于QTL结果的分子聚合育种研究。     

百色市右江灌区洪涝灾害趋势的灰色灾变预测

根据百色市右江灌区1961—2010年降水量统计数据,分析该地区洪涝灾害发生时间的分布特征,建立灰色灾变预测模型,利用残差检验对模型进行了精度检验,并对该灌区未来2次洪灾年份进行预测。结果表明,预测模型避免了人为主观原因造成的误差,精度较高,方法简单,为制定防洪减灾决策提供科学依据。     

Research on influential affection of human capital to agricultural TFP——Based on the experience data of Sichuan between 1998-2010

在内生经济增长理论基础上研究了人力资本对农业全要素生产率的影响效应.研究表明,农业劳动力的平均受教育年限与农业全要素生产率呈现较明显的负效应.而农业研究开发人员数与全要素生产率表现为正效应,当前四川省农村人力资本积累在推动农业全要生产率的效应发挥上还存在很大潜力.     

香蕉枯萎病菌SNF1基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

为了解SNF1基因在香蕉枯萎病菌致病过程中的作用以及FOC1和FOC4两个生理小种之间的致病力差异关系,采用了PCR、RT-PCR的方法扩增了2个生理小种的SNF1基因,测序并采用生物信息学软件对相似序列进行搜索、比对,并对该基因编码的预测蛋白进行氨基酸序列比对和分析。研究结果显示,2个生理小种的SNF1基因的ORF分别为2 136、2 130 bp,二者相差6个碱基,同源性为99.5%。FOC1和FOC4的SNF1基因分别编码711、709个氨基酸,相差两个氨基酸,为丝氨酸(FOC1)和谷氨酰胺(FOC1)。生物信息学软件预测结果表明该蛋白N端不存在信号肽,但具有两个相同的功能结构域位点,分子量约为79 ku,pI为6.80。