Purified deoxynivalenol or feed restriction reduces mortality in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with experimental bacterial coldwater disease but biologically relevant concentrations of deoxynivalenol do not impair the growth of Flavobacterium psychrophilum

Diets containing deoxynivalenol (DON) were fed to rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) for 4 weeks followed by experimental infection (intraperitoneal) with Flavobacterium psychrophilum (4.1 × 10⁶ colony‐forming units [CFU] mL⁻¹). Mortality of rainbow trout fed either 6.4 mg kg⁻¹ DON or trout pair‐fed the control diet was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in comparison with trout fed the control diet to apparent satiation (<0.1 mg kg⁻¹ DON). In a second experiment, trout were fed one of three experimental diets; a control diet, a diet produced with corn naturally contaminated with DON (3.3 mg kg⁻¹ DON) or a diet containing purified DON (3.8 mg kg⁻¹); however, these fish were not experimentally infected. The presence of DON resulted in significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in feed intake as well as weight gain after 4 weeks. Respiratory burst of head‐kidney leucocytes isolated from rainbow trout fed diets containing purified DON (3.8 mg kg⁻¹) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 35 day post‐exposure compared with controls. The antimicrobial activity of DON was examined by subjecting F. psychrophilum in vitro to serial dilutions of the chemical. Complete inhibition occurred at a concentration of 75 mg L⁻¹ DON, but no effect was observed below this concentration (0–30 mg L⁻¹).     

叶籽银杏GbMADS5基因的克隆与序列分析

MADS-box基因是一类编码转录因子的基因大家族,在植物的发育过程中具有重要作用。本研究采用RT-PCR技术从叶籽银杏（Ginkgo biloba var.epiphylla Mak.）中克隆了MADS-box基因GbMADS5。序列分析表明,该基因编码区全长为666bp,含有一个完整的开放阅读框,编码221个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质,具有典型的植物MADS-box基因结构,编码肽链包含了MADS区、I区、K区和C末端,但该基因不具有拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）AG基因的N端区域。GbMADS5基因编码的蛋白序列与其它植物的MADS-box蛋白序列有着较高的一致性,与裸子植物（Gymnospermae）的AG基因相似性最高,其中与苏铁（Cycas revolute）的同源性高达91.07%。系统发育树分析显示,GbMADS5基因属于AG亚家族基因。     

飞机喷药防治马尾松毛虫对林内昆虫多样性的影响研究

近年我省采用飞机喷药防治森林病虫害的面积不断扩大,本文在飞防区防治前后随机采取昆虫样本,以研究飞防喷药对昆虫及其多样性的影响,采用Bt+病毒、灭幼脲、苦参碱.烟碱乳油和森得保飞机喷药防治的各试验区内,调查发现飞机喷药防治前后各试验区出现的优势类群均为蜘蛛、鞘翅目、同翅目、膜翅目和双翅目昆虫。灭幼脲和森得保飞机喷药防治后生物多样性指数指数有所增加,且差异显著;Bt+病毒和苦参碱.烟碱乳油飞防后生物多样性指数指数有变化,但差异不显著。     

检测H9亚型AIV的压电免疫传感器研究(英文)

[目的]研制检测H9亚型禽流感病毒的压电免疫传感器。[方法]用巯基丙酸在镀银电极石英晶体自组装巯基丙酸单分子膜再通过N-乙基-N'-(3-二甲氨基)丙基碳化二亚胺盐酸(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)偶联抗H9亚型禽流感病毒的特异性单抗构建传感器芯片,建立可以检测H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的免疫传感器。[结果]该方法具有较好的特异性,不与H5亚型流感病毒和新城疫病毒(NDV)反应,检测灵敏度达到20～100个EID50。[结论]该结果为检测禽流感病毒免疫传感器的进一步深入研究奠定了基础,这为其他相关病毒的监测提供了一种新途径。     

林业有害生物地面监测及相关信息采集与传输平台研究

通过对林业有害生物地面监测及相关信息采集的硬件系统和软件系统进行研究,完整地实现了在地面对林业有害生物的监测调查、专项普查、检疫监管、防治信息及松材线虫病管理等相关性状的文字描述,并对场景实况及监测轨迹展现的电子文档进行记录、保存和无线传输,且能自动保存与回访.该研究为林业有害生物未来发生趋势预测提供原始的电子文档,并为管理者远程监管信息采集者提供技术平台.经试用检验,筛选确立的硬件与研制的软件兼容性好,能显著提高林业有害生物地面监测生产力.     

Pomological and Nutraceutical Properties in Apricot Fruit: Cultivation Systems and Cold Storage Fruit Management

We have investigated the effect of cultivation systems and fruit post-harvest management on the antioxidant properties of apricot fruits. Trees of five cultivars ‘Tyrinthos’, ‘Cafona’, ‘Bella d’Italia’, ‘Vitillo’ and ‘Pellecchiella’ were cultivated under integrated and organic systems. Fruits were collected at full maturity stage and analyzed either immediately or after storage at 4±0.5 °C and 85% of relative humidity for seven and 14 days. The main pomological traits (weight, colour, flesh firmness, total soluble sugars, titratable acidity) and antioxidant properties were analyzed. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC by TEAC method), total phenols content (TP by Folin-Ciocalteu method) and carotenoid content by HPLC-DAD were monitored. Cultivar characterization by principal component analysis (PCA) indicated a large variability on pomological and antioxidant properties of apricot fruits. ‘Bella d’Italia’ showed better TAC and TP values compared to the other cultivars. ANOVA interactions between cultivar and cultivation system (organic/integrated) were found for the antioxidant properties. These interactions may help to select a set of genotypes with better performances under organic system, which in our study might be indicated in ‘Cafona’ and ‘Bella d’Italia’.     

公园绿地常绿与落叶树种比例的比较分析

在北京市区公园绿地种质资源调查的基础上,对其中8个公园绿地中常绿与落叶树种的比例进行比较分析。结果表明:8个公园绿地中常绿与落叶树种数量比例与投影面积由于公园特点的不同存在差异,但大部分数量比例分布在1∶1以下,均值为1∶3,投影面积总体比为1∶2;8个公园总体表现出落叶树种较多,而常绿树种较少的特点,群落季相变化比较明显。     

重庆市农业结构战略性调整对策

根据农业市场化、国际化迅速发展的趋势,对重庆市在农业结构调整中如何扬长避短,提高农业的竞争力和整体发展水平的问题进行了探讨。     

长期不同施肥处理对稻-麦轮作紫色土稻季CO~2排放的影响

为了解长期不同施肥处理对稻田土壤CO2排放的影响,采用静态暗箱法于2012年稻季对"国家紫色土肥力与肥料效益监测基地"4块试验田CO2排放通量进行了测定.这些试验田自1991年起秸秆不再还田但接受不同施肥处理,包括不施肥(R-)、单施氮肥(NR-)、单施磷钾肥(PKR-)和施用氮磷钾肥(FnR-).不同处理下试验田土壤CO2排放动态变化趋势基本一致,与土壤温度呈正相关,与土壤淹水程度呈负相关(p0.05).R-处理土壤在整个稻季的累积排放量为1 046kg C/hm2;与R-相比,NR-和PKR-的排放量略有降低,FnR-的排放量则增加了18%,表明在秸秆不还田条件下,单施氮肥或磷钾肥对稻田土壤呼吸有一定的抑制作用,氮磷钾肥配合使用则能促进土壤呼吸作用.     

中国虱(虫齿)属四新种((虫齿)目:虱(虫齿)科)

本文记述了中国虱(虫齿)科虱(虫齿)属四新种:角虱(虫齿)Liposcelis antennatoides,饰红虱(虫齿)L.rufiornata,雕纹虱(虫齿)L.sculptilimacula 以及中华虱(虫齿)L.sinica。