基于形态特征和SSR标记的斑茅繁殖策略的研究

本研究以收集自我国7个省的45份野生斑茅(Saccharum arundinaceum)为研究对象,在开放授粉条件下,通过测定斑茅的花粉与胚珠比(Pollen-ovule ratio,P/O)、杂交指数(Outcrossing index,OCI)以及基于简单重复序列(Simple sequence repeats,SSR)分子标记估计交配系统参数这3种方法,探究斑茅繁殖特性及其有性繁殖力的情况,为斑茅资源开发利用、杂交育种及繁殖技术提供基础依据。结果表明:斑茅P/O为5 897,杂交指数OCI为2;采用11对SSR引物对随机取样的15个斑茅半同胞家系共计1 158个子代进行交配系统参数估计,结果显示斑茅种群具有较高的异交率水平(t_m=0.864),多位点异交率和单位点异交率的差值不明显(t_m—t_s=0.012),亲本近交系数F大于0(F=0.318),表明斑茅以异交为主,并存在部分近交。综上所述,本研究初步认为斑茅的繁殖特性为异交为主、自交为辅的混合交配系统模式。     

不同时期黄化处理对夏黑葡萄成花及果实品质的影响

为了探索一年两熟栽培条件下叶片黄化处理对二季夏黑葡萄成花和果实品质的影响,在夏季果实采收后,树体恢复5周进行黄化处理,模拟葡萄自然休眠,观察其成花率、结果率并测定果实品质。本研究设7月21日、8月1日和8月12日3个时期进行黄化处理。结果显示:8月12日黄化处理的成花率和结果枝率显著高于其他2个时期,8月1日次之,7月21日最低;可溶性固形物含量、固酸比、纵横径和单果质量8月1日黄化处理的显著高于其他2个时期,且不同时期黄化处理差异性显著;花青素、总酚的含量8月12日黄化处理的显著高于其他2个时期;果实花青素含量8月12日处理显著高于其他2个时期。综合成花率与果实品质两方面,以8月12日进行黄化处理效果最佳。     

Selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A improves white matter lesions in hypertensive rats

AIM:To observe whether selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A (ETRA) improves white matter lesions (WMLs), and explore the mechanism. METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats (n=33) were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=9), treatment group[stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats-modified 2 vessel occlusion (RHRSP-modified 2VO) + ambrisentan (n=12)] and placebo group[RHRSP-modified 2VO + vehicle (n=12)]. Drug and vehicle administration was performed from 17th to 20th week and monitoring of systolic arterial pressure was performed weekly. Morris water maze test was conducted to evaluate the function of cognition. The protein levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the cortex, corpus callosum and caudate putamen were quantitatively analyzed respectively. The severity of WMLs and the relationship between ET-1 and vessels were observed by the method of histopathology. RESULTS:The difference of systolic arterial pressure between treatment group and placebo group was not significant. The animals in treatment group exhibited shorter escape latency (P<0.05), more times of crossing platform (P<0.05), lower level of ET-1 in corpus callosum and caudate putamen (P<0.05), respectively, improved WMLs severity (P<0.05) and lower binding level of ET-1 to vessels compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSION:Selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A improves the severity of WMLs and ameliorates the cognitive function.     

贫困地区基于农民专业合作社的土地流转模式及选择——以贵州、四川、甘肃三省为例

基于贵州、四川、甘肃三省贫困连片区的调研,采用问卷调查、关键人访谈和统计分析相结合的方法,总结出农户与农民专业合作社间土地流转模式主要有转包、转让、出租、入股、出租-入股5种,同时分析了每种模式的运作机制和利弊,并在此基础上为不同类型农户的土地流转模式选择提出建议。     

Establishment and application of an accurate identification method for fragrant soybeans

In order to screen the aroma characteristics of soybean,a new method was established which can quickly quantify the content of 2-acetyl-1pyrroline (2-AP),an important compound related to soybean aroma,using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Based on peak profile,total peak area and retention time as test indexes,an accurate identification method for fragrant soybeans was established.The optimum parameters of the protocol consisted of column temperature70°C,sample injector temperature 180°C,optimum extraction alcohol content 1 m L,Na Cl content 0.1 g,ultrasonication time10 min,and extraction time 1 h,which were established by using the orthogonal test of single factors and three factors with four levels (L_9(3)~4).2-AP content of leaves had significant correlations with seeds,which were easier to measure.The protocol was simple and easy to carry out,consumed only small amounts of reagents,and provided accurate and reliable results with good reproducibility.A total of 101 soybean genotypes from different geographical sources were analyzed using this protocol.The results showed that the average content of 2-AP was 0.29 mg L~(–1),ranging from 0.094 to 1.816 mg L~(–1),and the genetic diversity index was 0.54.Among all genotypes-tested,they were classified into three grades,including seven elite genotypes identified as"grade one fragrant soybeans",which were Zhonglong 608,Heinong 88,Ha13-2958,Hongmiandou,Heinong 82,Huangmaodou,and Jiyu 21.These results provide both an identification technique and several elite aroma genotypes for gene discovery and good quality breeding in soybean.     

Moodle平台在虚拟机VmWare下的实践与应用

Moodle平台是一种基于开源PHP技术开发的网络学习平台,现通过虚拟机Vm Ware软件下安装网络操作系统来实现Moodle平台的发布,重点对PHP、Fast CGI以及IIS进行重新配置,从而实现本机与虚拟机之间相互访问,达到Moodle平台下的资源共享和信息交流的目的。     

水稻新品种通育257选育技术报告

通育257是通化市农业科学研究院独立选育的水稻新品种,2017年通过吉林省审定。在吉林省为晚熟品种,株型适中,分蘖力强,半弯曲穗型,谷粒椭圆,无芒,千粒重23.3 g,灌浆速度快、籽粒转色快。2015~2016年2 a区域试验平均产量9418.6 kg/hm^2,比对照品种秋光增产9.6%。2016年生产试验平均产量9365.4 kg/hm^2,比对照品种秋光增产8.0%。稻瘟病抗性表现中感苗瘟、穗瘟,中抗叶瘟,中抗纹枯病。     

冰鲜储存对固始鸡肉品质变化的影响

为研究固始鸡肌肉在冰鲜条件下营养成分的变化,将肌肉样品在0~4℃条件下储存不同时间(0、24、48、72、96、120和168 h)。分别测定并比较肌肉中的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和氨基酸等常规营养指标,以及肌苷酸、肌苷和次黄嘌呤等特质性指标。结果显示:随着保存时间的延长,固始鸡肌肉中的呈味核苷酸和鲜味氨基酸含量发生显著变化;肌苷酸含量与水分含量极显著负相关,与苏氨酸含量显著正相关,与天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸等四种鲜味氨基酸含量显著正相关。冰鲜时间与固始鸡肌肉的特质性营养品质密切关联,冰鲜保存时间越短,肌肉特质性营养品质越高,建议冰鲜贮存时间在3 d以内,可将肌苷酸作为评价冰鲜固始鸡肌肉新鲜度的主要指标。     

农业科研院所科技开发模式及对策分析——以中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所为例

简述中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所科技开发的模式与成绩，分析存在的困难和问题，提出加强科技开发的思路和对策。