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41.
Aiming at the free-riding problem in team incentive, this paper designs a dynamic incentive mechanism based on implicit side contract with dynamic game theory by introducing the reasonable assumption that there is horizontal monitor in team production. The theoretic analysis indicates that the dynamic incentive mechanism, in which a strict group incentive compatibility contract is taken at the first stage and an individual incentive compatibility contract is taken at the second stage, can implement team cooperation uniquely in the general condition of risk aversion and stochastic production by only two stage repeated game. 相似文献
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43.
多点成形法是针对多品种、小批量的三维曲面板材成形的一种柔性加工法。采用这种方法可替代传统的模具,从而节省模具制造费用。本文介绍了有关这一加工方法的基本原理并在自制的简单多点试验机上进行了一系列试验,对4种不同的多点成形法的成形效果进行了讨论。 相似文献
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45.
长江江苏段岸线及岸线资源综合评 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
秦丽云 《中国农村水利水电》2007,(3):13-16
通过长江江苏段河道的演变,评价了江苏长江岸线的确定性及岸线资源条件,分析了长江江苏段岸线资源开发利用现状及存在问题,提出了岸线利用原则。在长江江苏段岸线利用过程中,还存在河势不稳定,布局不合理,重大岸线开发工程缺乏足够的科学论证和水污染严重等问题,提出遵照河道演变规律开发岸线,保护河岸工程的安全,制定权威的岸线功能区划和开发利用规划,实行岸线有偿使用。根据河岸水质污染与河床特点合理布置引水口和排污口,提高引水质量。 相似文献
46.
以'寒富'苹果为试材,采用热风干燥制作方法,分别用60、70和80℃烘干处理6、8、10h,烘干后进行真空包装、带封口塑料袋包装、保鲜袋包装和不包装处理,探究苹果干简易加工方法及分析销售前景.结果 表明,冬季'寒富'苹果去皮后在70℃条件下烘干10 h制成的苹果干软硬、酸甜、色泽和口感均好于其他处理,夏季80C条件下烘干10h效果略好于其他处理,但整体口感不如冬季处理.在包装上,简易真空包装对于保持果干质量、延长销售时间等效果好于其他处理.城市近郊观光采摘果园、专业合作社采用优化后的方法加工制作苹果干,作为待客零食及乡土地域特色产品销售,具有较大的增加果园收益空间. 相似文献
47.
氮磷钾底肥对大豆蛋白质含量的效应 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
采用正交回归旋转设计方法,建立了氮、磷、钾肥对大豆蛋白质含量的综合作用模型.依据该模型探讨氮、磷、钾肥对大豆蛋白质含量影响的规律.氮、磷、钾肥对大豆蛋白质含量的单因素效应、二因素互作效应受到其它因素水平的影响.氮肥对蛋白质含量的影响均为负效应,降低速度随着氮肥编码值增高而加快.磷肥对蛋白质含量的作用有正有负.钾肥对蛋白质含量的作用为负效应,其降低幅度随钾的增加而提高.施尿素量为1.93~4.70g/盆,施重过磷酸钙量为8.13~20.59g/盆,施硫酸钾量为1.27~3.37g/盆,采用这个比例施肥有95%的可能使蛋白质含量高于43.5%. 相似文献
48.
在枣品种的抗裂性调查中,发现“木枣”存在变异系。本研究以“木枣”、变异系“V1”、变异系“V2”和易裂品种“狗头枣”为供试材料,在采用冷水浸泡法进行室内裂果率测定和抗裂性分析的基础上,对单果重、果纵茎、果横茎、果纵横茎比、单核重、核纵茎、核横茎、核纵横茎比、梗洼宽度、肉核比、含水量等果实性状进行了测定。结果表明:裂果率表现为狗头枣>V1≈木枣>V2,筛选出木枣优良抗裂变异系V2,与木枣遗传背景一致,抗裂性又极显著优于木枣,可为后续裂果机理研究和抗裂品种选育提供育种材料。品种的抗裂性与果形、核形、肉核比、梗洼宽度有关。果实较小、果核较小、果形细长、肩大尾尖、肉核比高、梗洼宽度大,抗裂性好。 相似文献
49.
A novel glycoside hydrolase 74 xyloglucanase CvGH74A is a virulence factor in Coniella vitis 下载免费PDF全文
Grape white rot is a destructive fungal disease occurring worldwide. Recently, Coniella vitis was identified as the predominant pathogen causing this disease in China. As the periderms of grape shoots are severely degraded by C. vitis, it was speculated that cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) might play a key role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the hydrolytic activity of the CWDEs of C. vitis. The results showed that xylanase (Xy) and xyloglucanase (XEG) had high levels of hydrolytic activity both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, a high-virulence fungal strain exhibited higher levels of Xy and XEG activities compared with a low-virulence strain. The genome of the fungus was found to harbor two XEG-coding genes CvGH74A and CvGH74B, which belonged to the glycoside hydrolase (GH)74 family. The expression level of CvGH74A was found to be high during pathogen infection. CvGH74A gene deletion mutants were generated using the split-marker method. The deletion of CvGH74A decreased both the hydrolytic activities of XEG and Xy and also the ability of the fungus to infect the grape leaves. No differences in the hyphal growth, morphology of colonies, or conidiation were found between the ΔCvGH74A mutant strains and the wild-type strain. Together, these results suggested that CvGH74A acted as an important virulence factor, and its enzymatic activity might regulate the virulence of the pathogen. This study was novel in reporting that GH74 XEG acted as a virulence factor in C. vitis. 相似文献
50.
AIMTo investigate whether minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) affects the quantity and activity of endothelin (ET) type A (ETA) and type B (ETB) receptors in mouse mesenteric artery by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory pathway. METHODSThe KM mice were divided into normal saline (NS) group (injection of NS via caudal vein), mmLDL group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein), LDL group (injection of LDL via caudal vein), mmLDL+SB 203580 group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein and intraperitoneal injection of p38 MAPK pathway specific inhibitor SB 203580) and mmLDL+DMSO group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein and intraperitoneal injection of DMSO). Mesenteric artery ring segment vasoconstriction dose-response curves affected by sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) and ET-1 were recorded by the myography system. The mRNA levels of ETB receptor, ETA receptor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of ETB receptor, ETA receptor, IL-6, p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, NF-κB and p-NF-κB were determined by Western blot. The serum concentration of IL-6 was measured by ELISA. RESULTSThe contractile responses of the blood vessel segments to S6c and ET-1 were significantly increased by mmLDL (P <0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of ETA receptor, ETB receptor, and IL-6 significantly increased (P <0.01). The protein levels of p-p38 MAPK and p-NF-κB were significantly increased (P <0.01). The serum level of IL-6 was significantly increased (P <0.01). These effects of mmLDL were inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580. CONCLUSION mmLDL increses the serum concentration of IL-6, up-regulates the expression of IL-6, ETA receptor and ETB receptor in mouse mesenteric artery, and enhances the vasoconstriction function medi?ated by ETA and ETB receptors, which is related to the activation of p38 MAPK inflammatory pathway and downstream NF-κB pathway. 相似文献