不同菠菜材料的营养品质分析与评价

为评价不同菠菜材料的营养品质,筛选出综合品质优良的种质资源,对62份菠菜材料的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、草酸、硝酸盐、粗纤维、可溶性糖、锰、铜和铁含量进行测定分析,利用相关性分析和模糊数学隶属函数法对不同菠菜材料进行综合品质的评价.结果表明,62份菠菜材料的品质存在较大差异,其中粗纤维含量变异系数最小,为8.714％,可溶性糖含量的变异系数最大,达64.849％.此外,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量呈正相关,相关系数为0.95,硝酸盐与叶绿素、可溶性糖含量均为负相关.基于平均隶属函数法共鉴定出3份综合品质较高的菠菜材料,分别为12s1、sp106和sp80,可为培育优质菠菜品种提供参考.     

柳蝙蛾的发生与防治试验

柳蝙蛾(Phassus excrescens Butler)，又称疣纹蝙蝠蛾或水曲柳蝙蝠蛾，属鳞翅目，蝙蝠蛾科，是一种大型蛾类，是猕猴桃的主要害虫之一。义乌市现有猕猴桃260hm^2，为我市发展迅速、市场前景看好的新树种，据2002年调查，柳蝙蛾危害株率达23．2％，严重影响了猕猴桃的生产。为有效地控制该虫危害，我们于2002—2004年对柳蝙蛾的生活史进行了观察，并进行了防治试验。     

Effect of breviscapine on the oxidative stress in the liver and kidney in diabetic rats

AIM: To study the effect of breviscapine on the oxidative stress in the liver and kidney in diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, model group, model group treated with breviscapine. 8 weeks after STZ injection, liver lesion was evaluated using HE, oil red O staining and kideny lesion using PAS staining. Malondiadehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant activities in liver and kidney tissue were determined by spectrophotometric method. RESULTS: Light microscopy in HE staining showed that liver fatty score was significantly lower in the breviscapine group compared with model animals (0.55±0.43 vs 1.54±0.65, P<0.01). In model group, the presence of cytoplasmic lipid deposits was confirmed by oil red O staining, and these changes were significantly lower in the breviscapine group than those in the model group (0.75±0.66 vs 2.11±0.82, P<0.01). In addition, increased kidney weight (KW), KW/body weight (KW/BW), 24 h albumin excretion rate (AER) and glomerular area (AG), glomerular volume (VG) as well as mesangial area (AM) on histological examination of the kidney significantly attenuated by treatment with breviscapine (P<0.05, P<0.01). Levels of MDA were higher and superoxide diamutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were significantly lower in liver and kidney tissue in model rats than those in control group. Breviscapine administration could all remit these changes (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The mechanism of protective effect of breviscapine on liver and kidney may be at least partly correlated with the suppression of increase in oxidative stress in diabetic rats.     

食用羽衣甘蓝创新种质绿雁的选育与应用

从国外引进的编号第1号的羽衣甘蓝杂种一代品种第8号单株经基因重组、多代自交分离、系谱选育纯化,筛选获得食用品质与口感综合性状优良的自交不亲和系8号-3-6-1-1简称8号-3,定名绿雁。植株皱叶,最大株幅44cm×41.5cm,叶片鲜绿色,最大叶片长22cm,宽15cm,叶片近圆形,叶面平滑,内凹,叶缘呈中小锯齿状,叶缘又呈不规则的皱褶皱叶,叶片基部有1对裂刻(叶翼),叶片互生着生在茎上呈莲座状,叶柄长10cm,半圆形,绿色。绿雁耐低温和高温,抗病丰产,商品性好,质地柔嫩,食用风味品质优异,营养价值高,耐贮运,可直接应用于生产。采用绿雁自交不亲和系与另外创新种质杂交,选育成食用羽衣甘蓝杂优一代新品种4个,适宜全国各地露地和保护地各种方式四季栽培,周年供应。     

不同品种美国山核桃叶绿素荧光特性的比较

研究了不同品种美国山核桃的叶绿素荧光特性和光合效率,旨在为其优良品种选择和高效栽培提供科学依据。以8个美国山核桃品种为试材,田间测定了其叶绿素荧光参数及叶片基本性状。结果表明,不同品种间的PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(primarily photochemical efficiency ofphotosystem Ⅱ,Fv/Fm)、PSII潜在活性(potential activity of photo-systemII,Fv/F0)、非光化学猝灭系数(non-photochemical quenchingcoefficient,qN)均存在显著或极显著差异,其中金华1号、UM9-82个品种的Fv/Fm值分别为0.809、0.796,Fv/F0值分别为4.266、3.910,均显著高于其它品种,表现出良好的光合性能;光合量子产额(effective quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ,Yield)和光化学猝灭系数(photochemical quenching coefficient,qP)未达显著差异。不同品种叶片比叶重和叶绿素含量及各组分均存在显著差异。相关分析表明,叶绿素及各组分含量与Yield均呈显著或极显著负相关。据此,湖南地区要引种外地具有优良光合性能的美国山核桃作为栽培品种时,在供试8个品种中,金华1号、UM9-82个品种可为首选品种。     

利用微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定不同类型饲料中常量元素含量的可行性分析

为研究微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定饲料中钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜和锌8种元素含量的可行性分析,本实验采取微波消解法代替传统的干灰化法,加入氯化铯、硝酸镧作为消电离剂及掩蔽剂,各元素的质量浓度在一定范围内与吸光度值呈线性关系,而且线性相关系数(R2)均达到0.995以上,满足仪器的要求;曲线最低点可以做到0.10mg/L,最高点可以做到7.00mg/L;方法检出限为0.68~207mg/kg,方法重现性(RSD)均小于3%,质控样在质控范围内,通过对实际多种类样品的测定,结果的准确度和精密度均符合饲料国标要求。综上,微波消解-火焰原子吸收法是一种速度快、成本低的联合检测方式,可以用于不同类型的饲料中钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜和锌8种元素含量的测定。     

高寒干旱地区新引桃树良种抗寒耐旱性研究

通过抗寒耐旱生理指标测试分析、露地越冬表现调查、不同栽培措施分析,选择出抗寒耐旱性强、特别是抗寒性强,适宜于张掖川灌区气候条件的桃树品种与品种群,以及抗寒栽培模式与措施,为张掖川灌区及同类地区桃树良种推广栽培提供科学依据。     

Effects of Dietary Ginger Root,Star Anise and Dan-shen Root on Antioxidant Status and Reproductive Performance of Sows during Late Gestation and Lactation

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of diatary ginger root, star anise and dan-shen root on antioxidant status and reproductive performance of sows during late gestation and lactation.A total of 36 Laiwu Black pregnant sows with average weight of 164.28 kg±1.30 kg and similar parity were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 9 replicates per treatment.The control group was fed a basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 10 g/kg ginger root, 5 g/kg star anise and 10 g/kg dan-shen root, respectively(ie Cont., GIN, SA, DS groups).The results showed that the concentrations of glutathione in serum and milk protein in colostrum, activity of total antioxidant capacity in colostrum of GIN, SA and DS groups were significantly higher than that of Cont.group(P<0.05).The concentration of milk fat in colostrum of GIN and DS groups were higher than that of Cont.group(P<0.05).Comparing to Cont.group, the concentration of lactose in colostrum was significantly higher(P<0.05) of SA and DS groups.All groups had similar number of born live, 21 d survival rate, birth weight of born and 21 d weight of born(P>0.05).In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 10 g/kg ginger root, 5 g/kg star anise and 10 g/kg dan-shen root could increase antioxidant status of serum and colostrum of sows, improve the nutritional value of colostrum, but had no effect on reproductive performance.     

Substitution between Virulent and Avirulent PPRSV Vaccine Strains with Reverse Genetics System

The Nsp9 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus（PRRSV）coded the RNA polymerase,which played an important role in the virus replication.In order to determine the interaction between the Nsp9 gene and virulence,replication capacity and cell tropism,the Nsp9 gene sequence of PPRSV vaccine strain CH-1R was cloned,and ligated to a virulent strain XH-GD infectious clone after restriction enzyme digestion,and transformed the virus under the basis of the reverse genetics.The results showed that the virus was successfully saved.And the results of biological characteristics test showed that titers and growth rate of saved virus were obviously higher than that of parental strain rXH-GD,but were lower than vaccine strain CH-1R.While plaques of two strains were similar in size.The polymerase of vaccine strain CH-1R could help to improve the drop degree of the virus,and this test could lay the foundation for further study of the effect of Nsp9 gene on virus virulence.     

小鼠胚胎胃肠道细菌的分离与初步鉴定

对常规饲养、正常妊娠的小白鼠胚胎后期胃肠道细菌进行分离鉴定,通过细菌培养特性、形态特征和生化试验鉴定,初步确定小鼠胚胎后期胃肠道中存在的微生物菌群有微球菌属（Micrococcus）、葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）、变形杆菌属（Proteus）和双岐杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）等细菌,其中G^＋细菌占据了绝对优势,小鼠胚胎胃肠道中细菌的平均数量达到1．2&#215;10^2CFU／g-3．2&#215;10^2CFU／g。本研究为哺乳动物胚胎时期存在于胃肠道中细菌的深入研究奠定了基础。