黑龙江省水稻产业现状分析及未来发展思路

对黑龙江省水稻产业发展现状进行了小结,并针对黑龙江省水稻生产过程中存在问题提出了相应的对策。具体对策如下:有针对性的选育适于不同生态区域的优质、抗逆水稻新品种,并对新品种的轻简高效配套栽培技术进行研究;适时开展水稻直播关键技术集成与应用,及开展秸秆还田技术研究;开展稻米精加工技术研究。     

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in trimethylamine N-oxide-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

AIM: To investigate whether endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-mediated oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: The cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. The cells were stained by DCFH-DA, and the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed by phase-contrast microscopy and detected by flow cytometric analysis. The protein levels of phospho-IRE-1α, IRE-1α and GRP78/BiP were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: TMAO exerted no significant effect on the viability of HUVECs. For a long period (>24 h), even a low concentration (10 μmol/L) of TMAO increased the oxidative stress level in the HUVECs (P<0.05). TMAO increased the phosphorylation level of IRE-1α and significantly up-regulated the protein level of GRP78/BiP in HUVECs (P<0.01). Pretreatment with STF-083010, an inhibitor of IRE1α, for 1 h reduced TMAO-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in TMAO-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs.     

灵芝的生物学特性、液体发酵及药理作用的研究进展

以灵芝生长特性、液体发酵、药理作用为切入点,综合查询近5年发表的收录于中国知网和艾斯维尔等数据库中的相关文献,就灵芝的生物学特性、液体发酵条件、药理作用方面的研究进展进行综述,为更好地开发利用灵芝资源提供依据。指出现今灵芝的药理作用等基础研究较多,而生长栽培和发酵条件优化的研究报道则较少,而其临床应用的机制则有待进一步探讨。     

Crude garlic extract significantly inhibits replication of grapevine viruses

Efforts to control viral diseases of grapevine include the production of certified material and development of virus-resistant transgenic grapevines. However, effective antiviral agents, once the viruses have infected the plants, are still lacking. This study shows that a crude garlic extract has significant antiviral activity against grapevine viruses. Replication of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) was obviously inhibited in grapevine cv. Cabernet Sauvignon calli treated with diluted (1:100) garlic extract. The relative RNA levels of GLRaV-2 and grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) in cv. Summer Black grapevine in in vitro-grown plantlets 10 days after treatment with diluted (1:100) garlic extract were about 22% and 20%, respectively, of that in controls. The viral RNA accumulation of GLRaV-2, GFkV, grapevine virus A (GVA), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) in field-grown grapevine cv. Centennial Seedless plants sprayed with diluted (1:100) garlic extract were about 31–40%, 26–38%, 18–31%, 17–42% and 15–18%, respectively, of that in controls. Moreover, the garlic extract treatment led to a significant decrease in viral RNA accumulation of GLRaV-3, GLRaV-2, GVA, GFkV, GFLV, GRSPaV and grapevine Pinot Gris virus in pot-grown grapevine cv. Shine Muscat plants, and viral disease symptoms in these plants were obviously attenuated. In addition, this extract significantly induced expression of pathogenesis-related protein genes and stimulated activity of antioxidant enzymes in grapevines. Taken together, these results indicate that the crude garlic extract acts as a significant inhibitor against a broad range of grapevine viruses.     

合肥市白毫早、乌牛早茶园天敌与蓟马的空间跟随关系

为利用天敌有效防治茶园蓟马,2015—2016年选择安徽农业大学农业科技试验基地的白毫早和乌牛早2种茶园进行试验,对2种茶园的蓟马数量及其天敌数量进行调查,采用地学统计学方法与灰色关联度法相结合方法综合分析与蓟马空间跟随关系密切的天敌种类。结果表明,2015年和2016年2年,白毫早茶园蓟马共2 408头,其捕食性天敌共12 156头,与蓟马空间跟随关系密切的前4位天敌依次是锥腹肖蛸Tetragnatha maxillosa、茶色新圆蛛Neoscona theisi、粽管巢蛛Clubiona japonicola和草间小黑蛛Erigonidium graminicolum,2年密切指数之和分别为1.952、1.843、1.800和1.751;2015年和2016年2年,乌牛早茶园蓟马共6 540头,其捕食性天敌共12 376头,与蓟马空间关系密切的前4位天敌依次是八斑球腹蛛Theridion octomaculatum、异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis、茶色新圆蛛和锥腹肖蛸,2年密切指数之和分别为1.863、1.829、1.762和1.759。综合分析2年白毫早和乌牛早2种茶园,与蓟马空间关系密切的前4位天敌依次是锥腹肖蛸、茶色新圆蛛、异色瓢虫和草间小黑蛛,密切指数之和为3.710、3.605、3.512和3.473。     

4个国外接骨木属种质资源引种与生物学特性研究

为探讨4个接骨木品种在河南省郑州地区的引种表现及适应性,2015—2019年定期观测引种的‘金叶’、‘金羽’、‘花叶’、‘紫云’4个国外接骨木品种,采用层次分析法进行性状评价。研究结果表明,露地栽培中,引种的4个接骨木品种均可在郑州地区正常生长、开花、结果。4个接骨木品种均生长健壮,枝繁叶茂,花期较长,较耐低温。以观赏性、适应性、生长特性权重分配分别为0.4、0.3、0.3进行综合分析评价,综合分值表现为‘金叶’接骨木>‘花叶’接骨木>‘金羽’接骨木>‘紫云’接骨木。由此可见,4种接骨木均具有较高的观赏价值和适应性,可广泛用于郑州地区城市园林绿化和美化。     

沉淀法制备的紫杉醇白蛋白微粒包封率测定

采用沉淀法制备紫杉醇白蛋白微粒,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定紫杉醇质量浓度,以二氯甲烷为有机相,采用萃取法分离白蛋白微粒与游离药物,测定其包封率。结果表明:紫杉醇在10~100 mg·L-1范围内线性良好,平均回收率可达到97.6%~101.0%;有机溶剂萃取法测定紫杉醇白蛋白微粒包封率的平均回收率,达94.80%~101.67%。这种方法测定紫杉醇白蛋白微粒回收率准确可靠,适用于沉淀法制备的白蛋白微粒的包封率测定。     

接种根瘤菌后3个紫花苜蓿品种耐盐性综合评价

研究苜蓿中华根瘤菌共生3个耐盐性高的紫花苜蓿品种,以选育适宜在内蒙古盐渍土地区大量种植的紫花苜蓿品种。以内蒙古地区常见的3个紫花苜蓿品种(中苜1号、金皇后、阿尔冈金)为试验材料,利用不同浓度NaCl溶液(0、50、150 mmol/L)模拟盐害环境,对3个紫花苜蓿品种接种苜蓿中华根瘤菌,测定紫花苜蓿品种的地上部分鲜质量、根鲜质量、根瘤数、有效根瘤数、丙二醛(MDA)质量摩尔浓度、可溶性糖质量分数6项指标,依据隶属函数法进行耐盐性综合评价。当盐浓度达到50 mmol/L时,3个紫花苜蓿品种中金皇后与苜蓿中华根瘤菌共生耐盐效果最好,相比于不接种地上部分鲜质量增加6.14 g,MDA质量摩尔浓度低至0.91mmol/g,可溶性糖质量分数高达21.65 mg/g,在3个紫花苜蓿品种中膜脂过氧化程度最低,渗透调节能力最强。当盐浓度达到150 mmol/L时,接种苜蓿中华根瘤菌对3个紫花苜蓿品种影响微弱。耐盐性强弱依次为金皇后(接种RM)、中苜1号(接种RM)、阿尔冈金(接种RM)、中苜1号(未接种RM)、金皇后(未接种RM)、阿尔冈金(未接种RM)。不同盐浓度(0、50、150 mmol/L)对3个紫花苜蓿品种生长均有抑制作用,且抑制效果随盐浓度升高而增强。在轻度盐害(50 mmol/L)环境下,接种苜蓿中华根瘤菌有效缓解盐对紫花苜蓿的伤害,其中金皇后耐盐性最强。当重度盐害(150 mmol/L)发生时,接种苜蓿中华根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿作用效果不明显甚至不起作用。