彼子和榧实原植物的本草考证——兼与陈重明先生等商榷

中国唐代以来的多数本草著作,均认定《神农本草经》中的彼子和《名医别录》中的榧实,与《唐本草》中的榧子为同物。现代中药学论著考订其原植物为今红豆杉科榧树（榧子）Torreya grandis Fort.ex Lindl.。殊误。经全面考证后确认,彼子是今三尖杉科三尖杉属Cephalotaxus Sieb.et Zucc.植物,榧实是红豆杉科红豆杉属Taxus L.植物,后世本草中的榧子与它们并非同物。     

澳大利亚、中国和泰国的热带地区的土壤化学退化的量化及修复

Soil and land degradation in the tropics can be identified and described in terms of physical,chemical,and biological changes from its pristine state brought about by natural and anthropogenic influences.A characteristic of these ecosystems is their capacity to recycle nutrients through soil organic matter(SOM). Following disturbance through changed land management.SOM is rapidly mineralized and there is a cor responding decline in fertility and the variable charge component of the cation exchange capacity.As these ecosystems are strongly dependent on SOM for their functionality,changed land use can have irreversible impacts on the productivity of these systems.The paper focuses on quantifying chemical degradation throughbenchmaking using data from paried sites in tropical China and Thailand using surface charge finger printing.Using values taken from the fingerprint of an undistubed soil,an index of chemical degradation from ideality was calculated.Various management stratgeies that attempt to reverse degradative trends or improve poor quality soils in their natural condition are discussed.such as the ddition of natural clays and silicated materials.Results are present to whow the effect of each of the aforementional strategies on surface charge characteristics and associated increases in plant productivity.     

关于我国城市水土保持的刍议

随着我国经济与社会的飞速发展,我国的城市化发展进入了一个关键时间———城市化加速时期,然而城市化所导致的种种环境问题特别是城市环境容量问题,使得城市水土保持越来越受到了人们的重视。我国的城市水土保持无论在理论上还是在实践工作中都尚停留在探索和达成初步共识阶段,在先辈们的基础上,作者就城市水土保持的相关概念和内容做了一些探讨,并在我国城市水土保持工作现状的基础上,指出了我国未来城市水土保持发展存在的一些急需解决的问题。     

甘蓝型油菜埃芥二体附加系92I1096附加染色体的遗传分析

应用细胞学方法,对甘蓝型油菜埃塞俄比亚芥二体附加系92I1096(B.napu-carinata,AACC BⅡ,2n=40)与甘蓝型油菜品种宁油10号(B.napus L.,AACC,2n=38)的杂种F2群体中附加染色体的遗传进行了分析,并应用分子生物学技术对92I1096、埃塞俄比亚芥品种Doddola(B. carinata A.,BBCC,2n=34)、宁油10号和92I1096×宁油10号的F2群体SRAP标记进行了筛选.细胞学研究结果表明,杂种植株体细胞染色体数为2n=39,F2群体单株间体细胞染色体数有2n=38、2n=39、2n=40共3种类型.观察的91个单株中,体细胞染色体数2n=40的有8个单株,占8.79%;2n=39的有24个单株,占24.37%;2n=38的有59个单株,占64.83%.说明附加染色体能够在后代中以单体或二体的方式传递.筛选出2个与该附加系的附加染色体连锁的特异SRAP标记,即me19～em51795 和me24～em56350,可用于检测该附加系的附加染色体.     

纳豆芽孢杆菌SFU—18液体深层发酵培养基的优化

采用BPY培养基，在最佳培养条件：温度为37℃、初始pH为7．0、溶氧量为40mL/250mL,230r/min接种量为4％下，测定了纳豆芽孢杆菌菌株SFU－18的生长曲线，从而确定了纳豆芽杆菌的最佳接种种龄以及收获时间。然后，在种子培养液其他成分保持不变的情况下，分别改变氮源、碳源、无机盐、生长因子进行单因素实验（以原种子液为对照），采用L（9）3^4正交表设计实验进行培养基的优化，确定了纳豆芽孢杆菌液体深层发酵的最佳培养基配比为：玉米淀粉1％、豆粕粉5％、玉米浆1．5％、NaClO.2%。     

广西贺州市脐橙种植气候区划

与国内外脐橙优产区相比,贺州市热量条件对脐橙生产更具优势。但复杂的地形地貌使市内各地在湿度、最高气温等气候要素差异较大,影响当地脐橙产量及品质。通过分析贺州市气候特点,结合脐橙生长发育对气候条件要求,确定了贺州市脐橙适宜种植气候指标,在GIS技术下绘制出贺州市脐橙适宜种植气候区划专题图。通过对专题图中的最适宜、适宜、次适宜、不适宜区气候区域气候论述,为贺州市脐橙生产的优化布局提供气候依据。     

稻草不同施入方法对温室土壤主要环境因子的影响

采用随机区组设计,研究了稻草施入方式和施入长度两因素对温室土壤主要环境因子的影响。结果表明:主处理A1、A2的温室CO2浓度、稻草腐解速率、土壤含水量及土壤碱解氮和速效P含量随着稻草施入长度的增加均相应增加,而主处理A3则正好相反(除土壤含水量外)。试验筛选出一个较优的稻草施入方法,即A2B2。     

生活污水灌溉对茄子生长效应的影响

对生活污水经过处理后以黄河水作对照进行茄子灌溉试验,试验结果表明,生活污水灌溉可改善土壤结构,提高土壤肥力,使茄子总根数增加12 %,根长增长13 %,增产60 %,增加收入5.85万元/hm2,商品性也明显提高。     

Genetic Analysis on Overwintering Character of Glutinous Rice 89-1

This article discusses the overwintering ability and genetic variation of the main agronomic traits in a new germplasm resource, glutinous rice 89-1. Survival rates of overwintering axillary buds and stems were observed in different altitudes. The F1, backcross F1 and F2 populations were constructed from sexual crossing between glutinous rice 89-1 and Hongmangnuo, Fuhui 838, Minghui 63, Ce 64. The overwintering ability and genetic variation of the main agronomic traits were analyzed in different seasons. Results showed that glutinous rice 89-1 could overwinter by axillary buds in low temperatures at different altitudes. Axillary buds would ratoon in the following year. The survival rates of rice stem and axillary buds were 82.6 and 29%, respectively. The grain yields were 6 291.0 kg ha^-1 in the overwintering ratooning season, and corresponded in the main season. Genetic analysis and chi-square test showed that the overwintering ability of glutinous rice 89-1 was likely controlled by polygene, and heritabilities showed diversity in different hybrid combinations. The highest heritabilities of 1 000-grain weight and plant height were in the main crop season, whereas the lowest were in the overwintering season, and the heritabilities of grain numbers per panicle and the seed setting rate reached the highest in the ratooning season. The spikelets per panicle, the seed setting rate, the 1 000-grain weight, the plant height, and the spikelet length had nearly normal distribution in F2 populations of glutinous rice 89-1/Minghui 63, but the seed setting rate had bimodal distribution. Overwintering glutinous rice 89-1 was a useful new genetic germplasm resource.     

植物对盐渍土壤改良率的回归分析

种植抗盐耐盐植物能有效地改良盐渍土壤。本文引入土壤改良率的定义,即单位质量的土壤在种植植物一年后的总盐减少量与种植前总盐量的比率。大量试验发现,植物覆盖率的大小、土壤pH值和各种盐分离子浓度都与改良率相关。因而建立回归模型88110)8,,2,1(xbxbbxxxfy+++==LL,分析后证实,植物覆盖率对土壤改良影响最大,其次是其它因子,这一结果与大田试验相符。该模型可应用于盐渍土壤改良植物的筛选与改良效果的评价,进一步指导盐地农业生产实践。统计检验结果表明,增加绿色覆盖是改良内陆盐渍土的有效措施。