全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1507篇 |
免费 | 113篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 117篇 |
农学 | 41篇 |
基础科学 | 6篇 |
313篇 | |
综合类 | 168篇 |
农作物 | 47篇 |
水产渔业 | 235篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 505篇 |
园艺 | 62篇 |
植物保护 | 128篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 53篇 |
2018年 | 53篇 |
2017年 | 48篇 |
2016年 | 61篇 |
2015年 | 58篇 |
2014年 | 44篇 |
2013年 | 83篇 |
2012年 | 101篇 |
2011年 | 109篇 |
2010年 | 91篇 |
2009年 | 70篇 |
2008年 | 94篇 |
2007年 | 82篇 |
2006年 | 89篇 |
2005年 | 77篇 |
2004年 | 71篇 |
2003年 | 79篇 |
2002年 | 55篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1622条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Stuart P. Hardegree Corey A. Moffet Gerald N. Flerchinger Jaepil Cho Bruce A. Roundy Thomas A. Jones Jeremy J. James Patrick E. Clark Frederick B. Pierson 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2013,66(2):127-135
The microclimatic requirements for successful seedling establishment are much more restrictive than those required for adult plant survival. The purpose of the current study was to use hydrothermal germination models and a soil energy and water flux model to evaluate intra- and interannual variability in seedbed microclimate relative to potential germination response of six perennial grasses and cheatgrass. We used a 44-yr weather record to parameterize a seedbed microclimate model for estimation of hourly temperature and moisture at seeding depth for a sandy loam soil type at the Orchard Field Test Site in southwestern Ada County, Idaho. Hydrothermal germination response was measured in the laboratory for two seed lots of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), four seed lots of bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] Löve), three seed lots of bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elymoides [Raf] Swezey), and one seed lot each of Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda J. Presl.), big squirreltail (Elymus multisetus [J.G. Smith] M.E. Jones), thickspike wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus [Scribn. And J.G. Smith] Gould) and Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer). Germination response models were developed to estimate potential germination rate for 13 subpopulations of each seed lot for every hour of the 44-yr simulation. Seedbed microclimate was assessed seasonally and for each day, month, and year, and germination rate-sum estimates integrated for a numerical index of relative site favorability for germination for each time period. The rate-sum favorability index showed a consistent pattern among seed lots for different years, and provides a relatively sensitive indicator of annual and seasonal variability in seedbed microclimate. This index could be used with field data to define minimum weather thresholds for successful establishment of alternative plant materials, in conjunction with weather forecast models for making restoration and fire-rehabilitation management decisions in the fall season, for evaluation of potential climate-change impacts on plant community trajectories, and in optimization schemes for selecting among alternative restoration/rehabilitation management scenarios. 相似文献
52.
Background, Aims and Scope Disposal of dredged material in subaqueous depots is increasingly considered an economic and ecologically sound option in
managing contaminated dredged material. The concept of subaqueous disposals capped with active barrier systems has been developed
to minimize this risk of contaminant release. As such a depot represents a permanent installation within a sensitive ecosystem,
it requires a thorough monitoring concept. It is the goal of this work to develop such a concept regarding general considerations
and results of laboratory and field investigations.
Methods In addition to the state-of-the-art techniques developed for other under-water constructions, this monitoring concept is developed
with particular respect to the chemical isolation of the dredged material from the overlying water body. It comprises the
use of seepage meters, dialysis samplers, and DGT gel probes for determining the migration of selected target solutes. The
capability of the dialysis samplers is demonstrated by comparing field results with model calculations. The appropriateness
of DGT probes to assess the impact of humic substances on trace metal speciation and on copper toxicity is demonstrated with
the aid of laboratory experiments.
Results and Discussion The experimental results show that, by using dialysis samplers, the temporal changes in concentration-depth-profiles of heavy
metals in the pore solution can be monitored. Additionally, the application of DGT probes facilitates the in situ detection
of labile species of a metal in the presence of dissolved humic substances, which serves to reflect its toxicity. Conclusions.
Three subsequent monitoring phases are distinguished on the basis of both general considerations and the findings from field
results: A hydraulic phase that is characterized by compaction and pore water expulsion, a geochemical phase in which the
demobilization of pollutants can occur due to substantial changes in the physico-chemical conditions (pH, EH), and a steady-state-phase
where pore water flow and geochemical conditions are approaching their minimum.
Recommendations and Outlook The monitoring concept suggested here provides a versatile tool to assess the chemical isolation of subaqueous sediment depots
and other contaminated sediment sites. This is of great importance as subaqueous disposal is increasingly considered a future
management strategy as space for upland disposal is limited and treatment, in general, proves to be too costly. 相似文献
53.
作物主动汲水技术内涵与研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
持续创新农田灌溉技术,有利于应对农业水资源短缺、耕地资源不足,也是确保中国粮食安全的重要技术基础。该研究提出了"作物主动汲水"(Crop Initiative Draw Water,CIDW)概念,并分析其得以实现的基本条件是:土壤水非饱和性、外界水水势始终小于大气压、外界水和作物根系的距离有效性、高效的水势能差转化界面。综合文献划分出了压力势差(Pressure Potential Difference, P-CIDW)、渗透势差 (Osmotic Potential Difference, O-CIDW)和重力势差作物主动汲水(Gravitational Potential Difference,G-CIDW)等3种形式的CIDW,并分析了它们的势能特征和基本实现途径。进一步,从硬件设备技术、作物表现、水盐运移与分布、土壤生境等几个方面,重点综述了P-CIDW的研究进展。近十多年来的研究表明,相比漫灌、沟灌、滴灌等传统灌溉技术,适宜参数的P-CIDW能够显著地提高作物产量与水分利用效率、养分吸收和肥料利用率、根际土壤酶活性和微生物多样性、水肥耦合效应,明显地影响了作物生理生化指标、土壤养分有效性和养分空间分布;土壤质地及其剖面构型显著地影响了P-CIDW下的水盐运移与分布;利用初始土壤含水率和基质势、渗水器导水率、供水压力以及时间等参数,可以半机理半经验地估测P-CIDW的累积入渗量。最后展望了CIDW研究的未来,认为,土壤水分-作物关系的基础理论急需要突破、研发高效的势能转化界面材料仍然是发展CIDW技术的关键任务、尽快制定P-CIDW技术标准、P-CIDW控压方法还需要革命性的创新。 相似文献
54.
Uriarte A Moissonnier P Thibaud JL Reyes-Gomez E Devauchelle P Blot S 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(7):748-752
The cases of 7 adult dogs with generalized seizures managed by surgical excision and radiation therapy for frontal lobe meningiomas were reviewed. The neurological examination was unremarkable in 6 of the 7 dogs. Five dogs were operated on using a bilateral transfrontal sinus approach and 2 using a unilateral sinotemporal approach to the frontal lobe. One dog was euthanized 14 d after surgery; radiation therapy was initiated 3 wk after surgery in the remaining 6 dogs. Long-term follow-up consisted of neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) scan after radiation therapy. The mean survival time for dogs that had surgery and radiation therapy was 18 mo after surgery. Frontal lobe meningiomas have been associated with poor prognosis. However, the surgical approaches used in these cases, combined with radiation therapy, allow a survival rate for frontal lobe meningiomas similar to that for meningiomas located over the cerebral convexities. 相似文献
55.
Möller H Grelier S Pardon P Coma V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(21):6585-6591
To prepare composite films from biopolymers with anti-listerial activity and moisture barrier properties, the antimicrobial efficiency of chitosan-hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) films, chitosan-HPMC films associated with lipid, and chitosan-HPMC films chemically modified by cross-linking were evaluated. In addition, the physicochemical properties of composite films were evaluated to determine their potential for food applications. The incorporation of stearic acid into the composite chitosan-HPMC film formulation decreased water sensitivity such as initial solubility in water and water drop angle. Thus, cross-linking of composite chitosan-HPMC, using citric acid as the cross-linking agent, led to a 40% reduction in solubility in water. The water vapor transfer rate of HPMC film, approximately 270 g x m(-2) x day(-1) x atm(-1), was improved by incorporating chitosan and was further reduced 40% by the addition of stearic acid and/or cross-linking. Anti-listerial activity of films was determined on solid medium by a numeration technique. Chitosan-HPMC-based films, with and without stearic acid, inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes completely. On the other hand, a loss of antimicrobial activity after chemical cross-linking modification was observed. FTIR and 13C NMR analyses were then conducted in order to study a potential chemical modification of biopolymers such as a chemical reaction with the amino group of chitosan. To complete the study, the mechanical properties of composite films were determined from tensile strength assays. 相似文献
56.
The braconid parasitoid Microplitis mediator (Haliday) is a key natural enemy of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae (L.), in Europe. In the context of an Integrated Pest Management approach, the use of selective insecticides is essential
for the conservation of naturally occurring beneficial arthropods. The present laboratory study investigated the side effects
of six insecticides applied at recommended field rates on adults and cocooned pupae of M. mediator. Male and female parasitoids were paired in drum cells contaminated with dry residues of insecticides. Besides lethal effects
after 24 h, parasitization capacity and longevity of the surviving parasitoids was evaluated. Lethal effects on cocooned pupae
were also investigated by assessing adult emergence from treated cocoons. Pirimicarb caused 100% adult mortality after 24 h,
whereas the other tested insecticides caused no direct toxic effects. However, sub-lethal effects in terms of reduced parasitization
activity, percentage of parasitism or female longevity were found for flonicamid, pymetrozine, spinosad and thiacloprid. Spirotetramat
shortened only male longevity. Adult emergence from treated cocoons was reduced only by flonicamid and pymetrozine. 相似文献
57.
Michael J. Lee Kaylee A. Byers Christina M. Donovan Erin Zabek Craig Stephen David M. Patrick Chelsea G. Himsworth 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(3):343-348
Urban Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) populations can carry the bacteria methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There are numerous knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of MRSA in these populations that limit understanding of its ecology in urban environments. For example, fecal shedding of MRSA, which may increase environmental contamination, has been reported in other species; however, it is unknown whether Norway rats carry the bacteria rectally. Furthermore, while intermittent MRSA shedding has been shown in other species and may dictate when the risk of transmission is highest, duration of carriage has not been examined for Norway rats. Previous work has shown that lethal animal‐control methods may increase the level of pathogens within reservoir populations, possibly by disrupting ecological patterns. However, the impact of rodent‐control on potentially environmentally acquired pathogens like MRSA has not been tested. Using capture‐mark‐recapture methods in an inner‐city neighborhood in Vancouver, Canada, we show that rats intermittently carry MRSA both in the rectum and oropharynx. By assessing the prevalence of MRSA before and after enacting a pest‐control intervention, we report that kill‐trapping had no impact on the prevalence of carriage of this environmentally‐acquired agent. 相似文献
58.
Oswaldo A. Rubio-Covarrubias Patrick H. Brown Steven A. Weinbaum R. Scott Johnson Raul I. Cabrera 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
Mobile nitrogen (N) forms may be better N indicators of the N status of trees than total nitrogen (TN) due to their higher sensitivity to increasing N supply. A field experiment was carried out over a 3-year period to compare foliar concentrations of total N (TN), soluble N (SN), chlorophyll (Minolta SPAD readings), NH4–N and NO3–N as indicators of soil N availability in nectarine, Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. ‘Fantasia’ (grafted on ‘Nemaguard’ peach, P. persica × P. davidiana) trees. Young trees were exposed to a range of fertilizer-N application rates. Based on correlation analysis, the best association between leaf N compounds with soil N supply and trunk diameter and/or fruit yield was obtained with TN and chlorophyll SPAD readings. Leaf concentrations of mobile N compounds (NH4–N and NO3–N) increased more than any other N compound under high N supply; however, their inconsistency among years and low leaf concentration difficult their use as N indicators. The optimum foliar TN for growth decreased with tree age, 4.4%, 3.6% and 3.3% in non-bearing 1-year-old trees, non-bearing 2-year-old trees and 3.3 fruit-bearing 3-year-old trees. The optimum SPAD readings were 40 in 2-year-old trees and 42 in 3-year-old trees. Stable N compounds (TN and chlorophyll SPAD) could be used to N diagnosis in the zone of N deficiency, and soluble N compounds (NH4–N and NO3–N) to diagnoses N excess. 相似文献
59.
Zubrod CJ Schneider RK Hague BA Ragle CA Gavin PR Kawcak CE 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2005,34(4):372-382
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of diode laser surgery (LS), surgical drilling (SD), and intraarticular sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA) as methods for fusing the distal intertarsal (DIT) and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Adult horses (15) without radiographic signs of osteoarthritis (OA) of the DIT and TMT joints. METHODS: Group 1 (n=3) had LS performed bilaterally on DIT and TMT joints; 1 horse was evaluated for 1 week and 2 horses were evaluated for 2 weeks. Group 2 (n=6) had LS on DIT and TMT joints of 1 tarsus and MIA administration into the contralateral DIT and TMT joints and were evaluated for 6 months. Group 3 (n=6) had LS performed on DIT and TMT joints of 1 tarsus and SD of the contralateral DIT and TMT joints and were evaluated for 12 months. Postoperative comfort, lameness, radiography, microradiography, and histology scores were compared using repeated measures ANOVA, and paired or 2 sample t-tests; significance was set at P<.05. RESULTS: LS caused the least postoperative morbidity. In group 2, horses were less lame in 4 LS-treated limbs and 2 MIA-treated limbs at 6 months when compared with the contralateral limb. In group 3, horses were less lame in 5 LS-treated limbs and 1 SD-treated limb at 6 and 12 months compared with the contralateral limb. On microradiography, 11 MIA joints and 2 LS joints had bone bridging the joint at 6 months whereas 8 SD joints and 5 LS joints had bone bridging at 12 months. Significantly more joint space was bridged by bone in MIA- (51.4%) and SD (46.2%)-treated joints compared with LS joints at 6 (30.6%) and 12 (28.5%) months, respectively (P<.05). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: SD and MIA resulted in more bone bridging of the distal 2 tarsal joints, than LS. However, LS seemingly caused less pain and discomfort to horses in the immediate postoperative period; horses were generally less lame in the LS limb. More laser energy may need to be applied to these joints to promote fusion; however, it may also have beneficial effects beyond fusion. Further research on horses with OA of the distal 2 tarsal joints is needed to determine whether LS can cause soundness without facilitating bony fusion. 相似文献
60.
Hege Kippenes DVM Patrick R. Gavin DVM PhD Susan L. Kraft DVM PhD Ronald D. Sande DVM MS PhD Russell L. Tucker DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2001,42(2):130-133
The pituitary gland was measured from transverse magnetic resonance T1-weighted images after Gadolinium administration in 96 dogs weighing from 13 to 45 kg. The measurements were done by hand with calipers. The mean (+/- standard deviation) pituitary gland height was 5.1 mm (+/-0.9 mm). The mean width was 6.4 mm (+/- 1.1 mm). The correlation coefficient between pituitary and brain measurements, between pituitary measurement and body weight, and brain measurements and body weight was 0.0 to 0.3. A hyperintense region was present on T1-weighted images in the center of the pituitary gland in 64% of the dogs. At necropsy the pituitary glands were grossly and histologically normal. No pituitary gland measurements were performed at necropsy. 相似文献