Impact of weedy rice populations on the growth and yield of direct-seeded and transplanted rice

To examine the impact of weedy rice ( Oryza sativa L. f. spontanea ) populations on the growth and yield of direct-seeded and transplanted rice ( Oryza sativa ), a field experiment with a random two-factor design that included cultivation methods (direct-seeding and transplanting) and the density of weedy rice (0, 5, 25, and 125 plants per m²) was conducted. The data from the experiment showed that weedy rice had a significantly poorer performance in the direct-seeded fields than in the transplanted fields in terms of its vegetative (plant height) and reproductive traits (panicle and seed production). In contrast, with the interference of weedy rice, cultivated rice showed an improved performance in the direct-seeded fields than in the transplanted fields, with a significantly higher tiller production and grain yield. The results suggest that cultivated rice can tolerate more successfully the infestation of weedy rice in direct-seeded fields because of its enhanced competitive ability compared to that in transplanted fields.     

东北老工业基地振兴与东四盟生态建设

东四盟是东北老工业基地振兴的重要组成部分,是国家重要的后备森林资源基地,是国家林业建设的重点地区,是我国北方地区的生态屏障。东北老工业基地振兴必然带动东四盟市快速发展,东四盟市经济快速发展和生态环境改善必然推动和支持东北老工业基地的长期繁荣。     

浙江省部分茶区茶园土壤中硼含量及影响因素研究

 20 0 2年对浙江省部分茶园硼进行了调查。结果表明 ,浙江省茶园土壤全硼含量高 ,在 0～ 2 0cm土层为90 .19± 2 8.0 0mg·kg- 1,在 2 0～ 40cm土层达 97.3 6± 3 4 .19mg·kg- 1,但有效硼含量低 ,分别为 0 .2 3 8± 0 .14 8mg·kg- 1和 0 .199± 0 .12 5mg·kg- 1,只占全硼含量的 0 .2 %～ 0 .4% ,有效硼缺乏率达 90 %以上。茶树吸收硼与土壤有效硼含量呈极显著正相关。随着叶片的成熟度增加 ,硼积累增加 ,同时茎杆部也是硼累积的部位。浙江省茶园土壤有效硼含量与土壤pH值、有机质含量、土壤粘粒等有关。     

过程性能指数在烟梗预处理工艺参数优化中的应用

针对加湿梗成品含水率控制稳定性差、湿透率低的问题,对稳定控制一次回潮热水温度、二次回潮蒸汽压力、二次回潮加水量环节进行了系统研究,采用统计过程控制技术对加湿梗成品含水率进行控制,以提高加湿梗含水率的稳定性。通过正交试验优化了3个主要工艺参数,并进行直观分析以及生产验证,结果表明最佳工艺组合为:一次回潮水温60℃,二次回潮蒸压力0.65 MPa,二次回潮加水量0。     

棉花根系生长分布及生理特性的研究进展

 棉花根系的生长、分布和生理活性对棉花整体生长发育起着十分重要的作用,但是观测上的不便给研究带来一定困难,导致相关规律与机理的认识不及地上部深入。本文以近年研究报道为依据,对棉花根系研究方法、根系的生长、分布特征、影响因素及生理特性等进行了较为系统地阐述,并提出了今后棉花根系研究的重点问题。     

EMS诱变NC 55突变体库的创建及高钾突变材料的筛选

为了获得不同类型的烟草突变体库,用0.6%的EMS诱变处理NC 55,对诱变后的M 1代的大田性状进行调查分析,并从中筛选高钾突变材料。EMSNC 55 M 1代植物学性状和农艺性状变异类型丰富,突变率为11.88%,主要为多头突变、株型突变、叶片突变等;通过大田筛选和烟叶化验,筛选到钾含量高于对照NC 55的突变材料74份,其中钾含量超过1.50%的35份,以EMSNC 55-5501烟叶钾含量最高,为2.03%。EMSNC 55 M 1代单株留种606份,为进一步筛选各种类型突变体和选育新品种创建了很好的突变体库。     

小麦单基因系TcLr19抗叶锈防卫反应的表达与叶锈菌侵染进程关系的初步研究

试验采用小麦单基因系TcLr19,感病对照Thacher(Tc)及叶锈菌小种366和165,利用组织化学方法,对接种后不同时间点叶锈菌在亲和和不亲和寄主上的发育情况进行观察,并对表现不同侵染型的TcLr19-叶锈菌组合中的2种防御酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(PO)的活性变化及发生过敏性死亡(HR)的细胞面积进行测定.结果表明,伴随着叶锈菌的侵染,TcLr19接种叶锈菌小种366(侵染型为0;)后PAL的活性分别在24,72 h出现高峰,PO活性在48 h达到最高峰,发生HR的细胞面积从接种后24 h逐渐增加直至96 h达到高峰;而接种叶锈菌小种165(侵染型为1)后2种酶活性变化及HR的变化和接种366具有相同趋势,但是前者的酶活性峰值低于后者,且发生HR的面积在96 h之前一直也小于后者.小麦对叶锈菌的抗性表达程度与防卫反应的表达强度呈正相关关系.     

华北寒旱区开放型农作制度的创新与实践

华北寒旱区位于内蒙古高原南缘的冀、晋、蒙长城沿线,区域资源匮乏、生境恶劣。经过多年封闭的农牧业过度开发产生低产低效、经济贫困、环境退化演替等问题。区域通过发展冷凉蔬菜生产,发挥区域间互补优势引进外部资源,同时结合国家的退耕政策该区域成功开启了经济生态良性互动可持续发展。实现资源高效利用、增产增收、环境改善。     

木醋液叶面喷洒对人参产量及人参皂苷含量的影响

通过试验探索提高人参产量和质量的新途径,探讨木醋液的作用机理,为生产上推广应用提供理论依据.试验设喷洒稀释倍数200,300,400倍木醋液和喷洒清水对照4个处理,3次重复,小区面积为3 m2,共喷洒4次.结果表明,叶面喷洒适宜稀释倍数的木醋液增强人参根系活力,促进对N、P、K的吸收,促进叶绿素的合成,具有提高产量和品质的作用,且以稀释200倍为效果最佳.木醋液可以作为叶面肥在人参栽培上应用.     

Diameter distribution of trees in natural stands managed on polycyclic cutting system

Diameter frequency distribution in a specific stand provides basic information for forest resources management.In this study,four probability models were applied to analyze diameter distribution of natural forests after selective cutting with different intensities (low intensity of 13.0% in volume,medium intensity of 29.1%,high intensity of 45.8%,and extra-high intensity of 67.1%).The results show that the skewness and kurtosis of the four models are positive except that of low intensity selective cutting,which suggest that the number of small-size trees dominate the stand.The more intensity of selective cutting,the wider range of diameter distributions.The diameter structure of selective cutting with low intensity met Weibull and Beta distributions;that of medium intensity met Weibull,negative exponential as well as Gamma distributions;that of high intensity cutting met Weibull and negative exponential distributions,but that of extra-high intensity could not meet any above model.Weibull distribution model fits better than others regarding the structure of diameter distribution in natural forests managed on polycyclic cutting system.The results will provide basic information for sustainable management for mixed natural stands managed on a polycyclic cutting system.