高静压对蜡样芽孢杆菌的致死与损伤效应

本试验采用响应曲面法的Box-Behnken设计,研究了高静压处理对蜡样芽孢杆菌生命活动的影响。结果表明压力处理导致了蜡样芽孢杆菌的致死作用与损伤效应。利用Design Expert软件建立了致死率的响应模型,Y=62.8+27.2x1+7.3x2+3.2x3+1.0x21+2.6x22+1.0x23-2.0x1x2-1.0x1x3-0.7x2x3。方差分析表明模型达到极显著水平,模型的系数显著性检验提示压力、温度、时间以及压力与温度的交互作用对致死率有显著影响。试验还运用VITEK细菌鉴定方法快速检测了蜡样芽孢杆菌压致生理生化损伤,结果证明压力导致菌体对外界营养分子利用以及药物敏感性等方面的特性发生了改变。     

长江流域侵蚀区“土壤水库”的调用是控制洪涝灾害的治本之策

The reasons for the Yangtze River flood calamity in 1998 are briefly introduced. The authors believe that using a “soil reservoir“ concept is an important means to help control flooding of the Yangtze River. A “soil reservoir“ has a large potential storage capacity and its water can be rapidly “discharged“ into the underground water in a timely fashion. The eroded, infertile soils of the Yangtze River Watershed are currently an obstacle to efficient operation of the “soil reservoir“. The storage capacity of this “soll reservoir“ has been severely hampered due to intensive soil erosion and the formation of soil crusts. Therefore, possible measures to control floods in the Yangtze River Watershed include: rehabilitating the vegetation to preserve soil and water on the eroded infertile soils, enhancing infiltration of the different soil types, and utilizing the large “soil reservoir“ of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.     

基于水质-声音-视觉融合的循环水养殖鱼类摄食强度识别

在工厂化循环水养殖中，准确识别鱼类摄食强度是实现精准投喂的前提和关键。水质、视觉、声音等单模态数据均可用于评估摄食强度，但单一模态往往具有片面性，难以完全反映全局特征，存在识别精度低、可移植性差等问题。多模态方法通过融合不同模态的特征，可为摄食强度量化提供新的手段。基于此，为融合鱼类摄食中的“水质-声音-视觉”信息，实现高精度的鱼类摄食强度量化，该研究在多模态Transformer（multimodal transformer，MulT）的基础上，提出一种多模态融合的鱼类摄食强度识别算法Fish-MulT。首先，从输入的水质、声音和视觉数据中提取特征向量；其次，利用多模态转移模块（multimodal transfer module，MMTM）对输入的特征向量进行融合，得到3种融合向量；然后对融合向量添加自适应权重并相加，得到融合模态；最后，利用融合模态将MulT算法中各模态分支的跨模态Transformer（cross-modal transformer）从2个优化为1个。试验结果表明，与MulT算法相比，本文算法的鱼类摄食强度识别准确率由93.30%提高到95.36%，参数量减少38%。与水质、声音和视觉单模态相比，准确率分别提高68.56%、21.65%和3.61%。可用于制定精准投喂策略，并为开发智能投喂系统提供技术支持。     

接种溶磷真菌对玉米和大豆根际细菌群落结构多样性的影响

Application of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms （PSMs） has been reported to increase P uptake and plant growth. However, no information is available regarding the ecological consequences of the inoculation with PSMs. The effect of inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing fungal （PSF） isolates Aspergillus niger P39 and Penicillium oxalicum P66 on the bacterial communities in the rhizospheres of maize （Zea mays L. ‘Haiyu 6＇） and soybean （Glycine max Merr. ‘Heinong 35＇） was examined using culture-dependent methods as well as a culture-independent method, polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE）. Compared with the control, the number of culturable microbes for soybean was significantly greater with P39, whereas for maize, the same was significantly greater with P66. In addition, a greater number of microbes were found in the rhizosphere of maize compared with soybean. The fingerprint of DGGE for 16S rDNA indicated that inoculation with PSF also increased bacterial communities, with the P66 treatment having higher numbers of DGGE bands and a higher Shannon-Weaver diversity index compared with P39; the composition of the microbial community was also more complex with the P66 treatment. Overall, complex interactions between plant species and exotic PSMs affected the structure of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere, but plant species were more important in determining the bacterial community structure than the introduction of exotic microorganisms.     

不同水稻品种对难溶性磷利用能力的初步研究

采用子母盆栽水平分根试验,研究了水稻耐低磷品种莲塘早3号和低磷敏感品种新三百粒对Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P3种难溶性磷的利用能力。结果表明,与母盆营养液中含正常磷的处理相比,子盆和母盆均不含磷的处理两品种的生物量、根系氧化力下降、MDA含量上升,以难溶性磷为唯一磷源加入子盆石英砂的处理其变化幅度更小,磷含量也比完全缺磷的明显要高,说明根系对难溶性磷的主动活化在起作用;耐低磷品种较高的生物量、磷含量和根系氧化力以及较低的MDA含量表明其活化利用难溶性磷的能力比低磷敏感品种强;不同难溶性磷处理间,各指标的差异与不同形态难溶性磷对水稻有效性的差异有关。另外,缺磷或低磷条件下根冠比增加;磷的有效性越低,其根冠比越高。     

美洲黑杨生长变异与无性系选择

从美洲黑杨原产地密西西比州、得克萨斯州和路易斯安娜州等地引种了104个无性系,并于1998年春在江苏省泗洪县陈圩林场开展无性系对比试验造林。12年生试验结果表明,来自于密西西比州和得克萨斯州7个产地89个无性系长势较好,路易斯安娜州的15个无性系长势较差。树高、胸径和材积等3个生长性状在无性系间差异极显著,性状遗传力(0.552 3~0.658 7)较高,遗传变异系数(8.26%~31.61%)较大。在入选率为5%,选择强度为2.02条件下,材积生长量的选择增益为50.82%。选择的S3412等5个速生无性系12年平均单株材积生长量为1.021 1 m3,超过对照(CK)品种I-69杨15.05%。     

桉树SRAP标记体系的优化及遗传多样性分析

为确立按树SRAP-PCR反应体系,并对桉树品种进行遗传多样性分析,以巨尾桉GL -9号嫩叶提取的DNA为模板,进行Mg2+、dNTP、引物和Taq DNA聚合酶4个因素3个水平L9(34)正交试验,并比较了不同浓度模板DNA对PCR扩增效果的影响.结果显示:桉树的SRAP-PCR最佳反应体系为Mg2+2.5 mmol/L、dNTP 0.20mmol/L、引物0.4μ mol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶1.5U,DNA模板最佳浓度为10ng.利用最佳反应体系对桉树品种进行引物组合多态性筛选,从40个引物组合中筛选出多态性引物组合17个.挑选12个多态较高的引物组合对11个按树品种进行遗传多样性分析,通过PCR扩增,得到109个谱带.其中多态性条带95条,平均每个引物组合产生7.92个多态性条带,显示了相对较高的多态性.表明SRAP标记可应用于按树分子生物学研究.     

塘渠-湿地复合系统治理农业面源污染研究

The effects of agricultural non-point source pollution control by pond-wetland combined system in Shenxi river basin of Anji county were studied based on nearly one-years experiment. The removal rate of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the pond-wetland combined system was also studied with different inlet wastewater concentration and time. The results showed that the removal effect of TN, TP, and COD in pond-wetland combined system was fairly good. The removal rate of TN, TP, and COD in the system could respectively reach 96%, 98%, 82% when the TN, TP, and COD of inlet wastewater reach the highest point 33.3, 0.99, and 121.6 mg·L^-1. Generally, the removal effect of the system was better in plant growth season and higher concentration of inlet wastewater period.     

仁用杏丰产园主要害虫生物农药无公害防治初探

通过对榆阳区南部丘陵区仁用杏丰产园主要虫害无公害防治试验,总结出了应用石硫合剂、剂灭幼脲、阿维菌素等无公害农药完全可以替代菊酯类、氯化类等高毒农药,实现仁用杏丰产园的无公害防治。     

微米木纤维模压制品握螺钉力理论的试验验证

介绍了微米木纤维模压制品握螺钉力计算理论,利用螺纹牙受力分布公式计算了螺纹牙受力分布百分比并计算出握螺钉力的理论值;通过握螺钉力试验测得握螺钉力实际值,将其与理论计算值进行对比,验证了微米木纤维模压制品握螺钉力理论的正确性.