灌溉方式对草莓光合特性和根系生长的影响

以草莓丰香为材料,探讨三种灌溉方式（沟灌、滴灌、滴灌+半基质）对粘性土壤条件下草莓产量、光合生理指标和根系生长的影响。结果表明：与沟灌相比,滴灌+半基质方式和滴灌方式均能促进草莓的生长和增加其产量,单株产量分别增加36.89%和29.30%,在开花期草莓叶片光合速率提高了41.56%和34.46%;在结果期,水分利用率提高了28.69%和24.65%,根冠比提高了51.78%和29.28%;滴灌+半基质方式和滴灌方式更有利于根系生长,在开花期根体积提高了164.25%和78.72%、根鲜重提高了117.18%和84.07%、在结果期根系活力提高了70.98%和48.38%;滴灌+半基质栽培灌溉方式是一种适宜粘性土壤草莓的灌溉方式。     

Design method and homogeneity control of bridge fair-faced concrete

According to the structural characteristics of bridge engineering, the mix optimization design method of bridge fair-faced concrete was presented, and C30~C50 concrete with high cohesion and package, outstanding fluidity and excellent mechanical properties were prepared. Through the test of air content of fresh concrete, micro hardness and micro structure in different parts of hardened concrete specimens, effects of viscosity-modifying admixtures on homogeneity of concrete were discussed. The results showed that the composition of bridge fair-faced concrete were relatively homogeneous, and the microstructure were relatively dense. When C30 concrete mixed with 5 × 10 -5 cellulose ether or 6% silica fume (mass fraction of cementitious material), air content of fresh concrete were less than 2%, and slurry viscosity values were between 1 900 and 2 000 MPa·s. Also, the micro hardness values in different parts of hardened concrete specimens were closed. The results were applied in practical bridge engineering, which generally meets the apparent quality requirements of bridge fair faced concrete.     

Effectiveness of Combined Use of Mineral Oil and Insecticide Spray in Reducing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Potato Virus Y</Emphasis> (PVY) Spread under Field Conditions in New Brunswick,Canada

In the 2014 and 2015 crop seasons, the efficacies of different types, rates and combinations of mineral oil and insecticide foliar sprays for reducing Potato virus Y (PVY) spread were tested in controlled field trials in New Brunswick (NB), Canada. Experimental plots were planted with certified PVY-free Goldrush, supplemented with known virus-infected seed to raise PVY inoculum to 2.3% and 3% at the beginning of the 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively. Treatments consisted of mineral oil-only sprays at different application rates, insecticide-only sprays of differing numbers, and several combined mineral oil and insecticide spray regimes, all compared to a no-spray control treatment. PVY spread to 18% (2014) and 22% (2015) of initially virus-free plants in no-spray control plots, with significant reductions observed in PVY spread in several treatments. Greatest PVY reductions, as low as 4% (2014) and 12% (2015), were in combined mineral oil and insecticide spray treatments, followed by oil-only sprays; while insecticide-only sprays did not significantly reduce PVY spread. As well as measuring PVY spread to marked test plants and randomly collected post-harvest tuber sample from the plots, exhibited similar treatment pattern for PVY incidence. Multiple logistic regression modeling confirmed the relative efficacy of combined oil and insecticide sprays for reducing PVY spread, while accounting for variable inoculum and aphid factors. Modeling also highlighted the importance of planting low-PVY seed initially, and of early application of foliar sprays. Local best management practice recommendations for reduction of in-field PVY spread were discussed.     

北京中山地区非石灰性土壤发生分类的研究

利用剖面形态、微形态、理化分析、粘粘x衍射分析等结果,对北京中山地区土壤的发生过程和分类问题进行了研究。首次提出尘暴降尘物质对土壤发生过程的滞缓作用。若土壤分类上采用pH(KCI),北京中山地区非石灰性土壤应属于暗棕壤。在土壤分类特征上,为在山地普遍应用中避免估算和推测造成混乱,建议采用反映该地区水分和温度状况的植被。     

西北地区马铃薯疮痂病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确西北地区马铃薯疮痂病病原菌的种类和生物学特性,分别采用常规组织分离法和土壤混悬液分离法从宁夏、陕西和甘肃3个省区采集的29份疮痂病发病薯块和8份发病地块土壤中进行病原菌分离,并利用形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定。结果表明,从发病薯块和发病土壤中共分离到50株链霉菌Streptomyces spp.,通过回接法验证获得6株马铃薯疮痂病致病菌株。6株致病菌株的培养特性和形态特征差别较大;其中菌株G4-1、G9和SYN13不能以果糖和木糖为单一碳源,菌株SYNT3不能以棉子糖为单一碳源;除菌株NLG4-1外,其余5株菌株均能在络氨酸琼脂培养基上产生黑色素。经16S rDNA序列分析,菌株G4-1、G9与疮痂病链霉菌S. scabiei的相似率分别达99.47%和99.34%,菌株NLG4-1、SYNT3与S. enissocaesilis的相似率分别达97.90%和98.18%,菌株GBH2与加利利链霉菌S. galilaeus的相似率达99.93%,菌株SYN13与S. turgidiscabies的相似率达97.56%,表明西北地区马铃薯疮痂病病原菌至少存在4个种。     

蝴蝶花的组织培养和根状茎的诱导

蝴蝶花(IrisjaponicaThunb.)是鸢尾科鸢尾属的多年生常绿宿根草本植物,地下有横走的根状茎;耐荫,是良好的耐荫地被植物。试验于2003年10月至2004年5月进行。选择健康的蝴蝶花植株,取地下的根状茎,选带节的茎段作为外植体,用洗洁精溶液浸泡4～5min,采用75%乙醇60s结合0.1%HgCl212min进行灭菌。根状茎在培养基MS 6BA1.0mg·L-1 KT2.0mg·L-1 NAA0.1mg·L-1,25℃下黑暗培养,腋芽出芽率达65.4%。黑暗比光照更有利于腋芽的萌发,可能是由于蝴蝶花是阴性植物;在自然条件下其根状茎的生长和顶芽的萌发处于暗环境,离体条件下黑暗培养更符合其…     

水土保持生态自然修复适宜性研究综述

 根据我国的地域特点和水土保持生态建设的实施情况,进行适宜性研究至关重要。在介绍生态自然修复主要基础理论的基础上,分析了自然因素和人为因素对生态自然修复的影响作用。从区域定性、定量分析,地带性分区到GIS技术应用,以及适宜人为促进修复的作用和措施等方面探讨了水土保持生态自然修复适宜性研究的方法和内容。生态自然修复适宜性研究正向前迈进,在地理空间分析技术的引领下,生态自然修复适宜性评价在方法上会有新的发展。     

秸秆还田对棉田土壤微生物和土壤呼吸速率的影响

通过基质诱导呼吸法和CO2释放量法研究了棉花秸秆还田对棉田土壤微生物生物量碳、土壤微生物活性和土壤呼吸速率的影响。结果表明,棉花秸秆还田提高了土壤微生物生物量碳含量,不同年份和土层土壤微生物生物量碳含量的变化趋势有所不同,两年试验结果0~20 cm土层除2012年8月和9月份外其它时期和20~40 cm土层除2013年8月份外其余时期土壤微生物生物量碳的含量均是秸秆还田显著高于秸秆未还田,而40~60 cm土层差异均未达显著水平。土壤微生物活性在不同年份和不同土层,除20~40 cm2013年4月和9月份以及40~60 cm土层的2013年5月和8月份差异未达显著水平外,其它时期秸秆还田均显著高于未还田处理。秸秆还田提高了土壤呼吸速率,不同年份和不同土层,除20~40 cm的2012年9月份和2013年6月份以及40~60 cm土层的2012年6月份、2013年5月份差异未达显著水平外,其它时期秸秆还田均显著高于未还田处理。