基于12SrRNA和ND3基因序列分析巨[鱼丕]遗传多样性及系统进化

为从分子水平研究巨[鱼丕](Bagarius yarrelli Sykes)的遗传多样性和系统进化关系,本实验对采集于怒江、澜沧江、元江3河流5种群中的60个个体进行12S rRNA和ND3基因序列的PCR扩增,同时与红河河口群体12个个体的12S rRNA和ND3基因序列进行比对分析,采用Mega5.02软件对碱基组成、Kimura-2 parameter遗传距离、可变位点等进行分析。应用DnaSP软件进行遗传多样性相关参数的计算。结果显示:12S rRNA和ND3基因序列长度分别为954 bp和346 bp(349 bp),分别定义了51个单倍型和42个单倍型,12S rRNA和ND3序列中的碱基平均含量分别为:T为20.8%、C为25.7%、A为32.1%、G为21.4%和T为29.5%、C为28.2%、A为28.1%、G为14.1%,表现出明显的A+T偏倚性;6个群体的群体内和群体间的遗传距离分别为0.003~0.284(12S rRNA),0.009~0.059(ND3)和0.004~1.062(12S rRNA),0.008~0.143(ND3);12S rRNA基因的51个单倍型和ND3基因的42个单倍型序列总的单倍型多样性(Hd)、核苷酸多样性(Pi)及核苷酸平均差异数(K)分别为0.972和0.937、0.035和0.079、31.414和27.176,均显示出丰富的遗传多样性。结合从GenBank中下载的12S rRNA和ND3基因同源序列的[鱼丕]科9属10种鱼类进行系统发育树的构建,结果表明巨[鱼丕]独自汇聚成一大单系群,怒江潞江坝群体、怒江三江口群体及澜沧江临沧群体间关系较近,澜沧江景洪群体可单独构成一个单系种群,红河河口群体、红河曼耗群体与其它巨[鱼丕]构成一单系种群后再同澜沧江景洪群体汇聚成一支。     

养猪小区粪便资源化处理工艺设计

影响我国养猪小区健康发展的关键问题是养猪小区的环境控制,降水、污水、粪便混合排放,加剧了养猪小区的环境污染,使粪便资源化处理更加困难。根据现代养猪生产工艺流程,利用工程技术手段,设计了一个现代化示范型养猪小区粪便资源化处理工艺,首先解决天然降水与污水混合排放问题,其次实现污水与粪便有效分离,第三步通过充氧发酵、搅拌干燥最终实现养猪小区粪便资源化开发利用,解决捆扰我国养猪小区健康发展的环境控制问题。     

Mechanism of mesenteric lymph reperfusion aggravates multiple organ injury in superior mesenteric artery occlusion shock rats

AIM: To explore the mechanism of mesenteric lymph reperfusion (MLR) aggravates multiple organ injury in superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: in sham group, only anesthetization and operation were performed; in MLR group, occlusion of mesenteric lymphatics (ML) for 1 h followed by 2 h of reperfusion; in SMAO group, occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 1 h followed by 2 h reperfusion; in MLR+SMAO group, occlusion of SMA and ML for 1 h followed by 2 h of reperfusion. The homogenates of liver, kidney, myocardium and lung were prepared for determining the activities of free radical, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cell membrane ATPase. RESULTS: The MDA, NO contents and NOS, MPO activities of multiple organic homogenate in SMAO and MLR+SMAO group were higher than those in sham and MLR group, and these indexes in MLR+SMAO were increased significantly than those in SMAO group. The SOD and ATPase activities of muliple organic homogenate in SMAO and MLR+SMAO group were lower than those in sham and MLR group, and those in MLR+SMAO group was decreased obviously than those in SMAO group. CONCLUSION: The MLR enhances the multiple organ free radical injury, NO synthesis and release, PMN detention and decreases the activity of cell membrane ATPase, aggravating the major organs injury in SMAO shock rats. Intestinal lymphatic pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SMAO shock.     

Jagged1 knocking down in endothelial cells accelerates PDGF induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of Jagged1 expression in endothelial cells (EC) on platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in rat.METHODS: Rat aorta EC was inoculated in the lower chamber and VSMC were in the upper chamber of the cell coculture system. Three groups were divided: control, sicontrol and siJagged1. The EC Jagged1 protein expression was assayed by Western blotting to evaluate small RNA interfering (RNAi) efficiency. After the cells were cocultured with PDGF for 24 h, the proliferation and migration of VSMC were respectively evaluated by ［3H］-TdR incorporation and migrating cells counting. Protein expression of α-SM-actin in VSMC was assayed by Western blotting. RESULTS: The Jagged1 protein expression in EC was significantly lower in siJagged1 group than that in control group (0.26±0.02 vs 0.67±0.02, P<0.05), and no statistic significance was observed between control and sicontrol groups. The VSMC ［3H］-TdR incorporation and migration were higher in PDGF +siJagged1 group than those in PDGF group {［3H］-TdR incorporation (23 074±2 702) counts·min-1·well-1 vs (16 442±1 803)counts·min-1·well-1, n=5, P<0.05; migration (27±4) cells/field vs (15±3)cells/field, n=5, P<0.05}. The α-SM-actin protein in VSMC was lower in PDGF + siJagged1 group than that in PDGF group (0.25±0.06 vs 0.49±0.04, n=3, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Jagged1 knock down in rat EC accelerates PDGF induced proliferation and migration of VSMC. These results suggest that Jagged1 expression in EC plays an important role in maintaining VSMC contract phenotype and inhibiting VSMC overgrowth after arterial injury.     

几个鸢尾新品种栽培研究

对几种在郑州地区新引进的德国彩花鸢尾进行了栽培研究。结果表明:不朽白和黑骑士生长较旺,花朵较大,但开花率低,花期较短,繁殖系数低;黄娃娃和血石长势中庸,花朵中等,开花率高,花期较长,繁殖系数也高;金娃娃与黄链长势中庸偏下,花朵较小,但花期较长,金娃娃繁殖系数中等,黄链繁殖系数最低;紫边白植株矮小,长势较弱,花朵也小,但花期较长,繁殖系数较低。无论任何品种在郑州地区均能良好生长,且其生长、开花、繁殖均与土壤肥沃、疏松、排水良好呈正相关。     

鸡粪高效降解微生物菌剂富集培养新法

以新鲜鸡粪为主要培养基,自然腐熟鸡粪(处理1),菌剂腐熟鸡粪和土壤(处理2),菌剂腐熟鸡粪(处理3)为富集样品连续5批堆肥驯化培养,使微生物菌群经历不同的生长环境,达到优胜劣汰的效果。处理1在5批富集培养中较处理2和处理3有较好的堆肥效果,说明其中有降解性能好的优势菌群,将其筛选出扩大培养,再回接到新鲜鸡粪中,将会快速、有效地降解新鲜鸡粪,达到良好的堆肥效果。     

膜式空气弹簧动态特性有限元分析及试验研究

运用ABAQUS有限元软件仿真分析空气弹簧在不同频率与振幅激励下的动态特性,获得空气弹簧最小刚度频率曲线。通过与试验结果的比较,发现空气弹簧刚度随激励频率有一定变化规律,频率是影响空气弹簧动态力学性能的关键外在因素之一。     

染色体工程技术在小麦雄性不育研究和杂种优势利用中的应用

染色体工程技术主要包括染色体的添加、削减和代换。随着科学技术的不断发展，现代生物技术亦融入到染色体工程技术，赋予染色体工程以新的内容，不仅包括在染色体组、染色体和染色体片段水平上所进行的染色体遗传操作，而且涵盖了染色体原位杂交、染色体微切割和人工染色体等新技术。本文阐述了染色体工程技术在小麦雄，巨不育研究和杂种优势利用中的应用，其主要有：(1)育性基因的定位，如育性基因的单体、缺体、端体和缺四体分析等；(2)外源育性基因的染色体鉴定；(3)核型雄性不育的染色体保持技术；(4)育性载体染色体的定向替换等。本文还对染色体工程技术研究应用进展进行了分析与展望。     

不同成熟条件下烤烟叶片中氨基酸含量的变化

以烤烟品种云烟87为试材,测定了不同成熟条件下烤后烟叶中氨基酸含量的变化。结果表明:当成熟度由低至高(M1至M5)时,烟叶中的氨基酸总量呈"V"形曲线变化,中部叶的最小值出现在M3,上部叶的最小值出现在M4;不同部位烟叶中的氨基酸含量表现并不一致,呈现上部叶的氨基酸含量高于中部叶的态势;不同氨基酸在烟叶中的含量存在着明显的差异,有些氨基酸的含量很高,如谷氨酸、天冬氨酸等,有些氨基酸含量很低,如蛋氨酸、胱氨酸等。     

绿原酸诱导凡纳滨对虾抗氧化功能及抵御低盐度胁迫的响应

选择健康、均匀, 体质量为(6.74 ± 0.08) g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),  将360尾随机分为4组, 分别投喂含有0 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg和400 mg/kg绿原酸的饲料28 d, 随后将对虾从盐度为32的天然海水直接转移至盐度为10的海水中暴露72 h, 测定对虾肝胰腺TAS、GPx、CAT活力和GPx、CAT基因表达水平。结果显示, 在天然海水养殖条件下, 绿原酸对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺TAS、GPx活性无明显影响, 但投喂含有绿原酸的饲料28 d, 对虾肝胰腺GPx、CAT和GPx、CAT基因表达水平显著高于D0组(P<0.05), 以D2组GPx活性和GPx、CAT基因表达水平最高, 分别为164.29 U/mgprot和1.61、2.14倍。低盐度胁迫24 h, D0组对虾抗氧化反应表现在TAS、GPx活性和GPx基因表达水平较28 d显著升高(P<0.05), 分别增加了31.30%、27.96%和170%, 而绿原酸各组对虾肝胰腺TAS、GPx活性和GPx基因表达水平显著低于D0组(P<0.05), 说明绿原酸可有效缓解低盐度胁迫下对虾抗氧化系统酶活性的剧烈波动。低盐度胁迫72 h, 绿原酸各组对虾肝胰腺TAS、GPx、CAT活性及CAT基因表达水平均明显高于D0组。上述结果表明绿原酸能够诱导凡纳滨对虾的抗氧化系统功能, 在凡纳滨对虾抵抗低盐度胁迫中发挥着重要的作用。本研究旨为开发绿色植物提取物在对虾养殖中的应用, 解决盐度胁迫对机体造成的氧化损伤提供理论依据。