基于改进残差网络的田间葡萄霜霉病病害程度分级模型

针对传统葡萄霜霉病人工诊断分级方法低效且存在滞后性的问题,提出了一种改进残差网络的田间葡萄霜霉病识别及病害程度分级模型.在田间采集霜霉病前期、中期、后期以及健康叶片图像,并模拟天气、拍摄角度及设备噪声等影响因素进行数据增容;基于不同发病程度叶片间特征相似度高、区分难度大的特点,在优选ResNet-50模型的基础上,为解...     

转盘式对虾开背工艺分析与参数优化

针对目前对虾开背环节工艺不完善、实际应用装备缺乏等问题,以中型南美白对虾为研究对象,探究了对虾开背关键工艺方法,建立了对虾开背过程力学模型,获得影响开背效果主要因素为刀具角度、加工中心盘转速和刀具安置距离;采用单因素试验研究和分析了各因素对开背成功率、虾仁损伤率、虾线裸露成功率和感官评分值的影响,确定影响因素最佳区间为：刀具角度20°~60°、加工中心盘转速10~40r/min和刀具安置距离9~11mm;利用Design-Expert软件进行多因素响应面试验研究分析,并采用多目标优化方法,得到最优参数组合为：刀具角度43.838°、加工中心盘转速28.391r/min、刀具安置距离9.801mm时,开背成功率为99.161%、虾仁损伤率为2.825%、虾线裸露成功率为90.727%、感官评分值为86.944。验证试验结果表明：针对中型南美白对虾,当刀具角度45°、加工中心盘转速28r/min、刀具安置距离9.8mm时,开背成功率为98.89%、虾仁损伤率为3.33%、虾线裸露成功率为87.78%、感官评分值为85.33,与理论优化值的绝对误差均较小,优化后的对虾开背装置性能满足作业要求。研究可为对虾开背工序装置设计和参数选择提供理论基础和科学依据。     

基于改进ResNet18模型的饲料原料种类识别方法

为了解决饲料生产过程中入仓原料种类采用人工取样感官识别所存在的问题,实现原料种类自动识别,以玉米、麸皮、小麦、豆粕、鱼粉等大宗饲料原料为研究对象,自主设计搭建了多通道入仓原料种类自动识别装置,采集饲料原料图像数据集,并使用数据增强的方法增加样本多样性。基于ResNet18网络模型加入通道注意力机制、增加Dropout函数,并嵌入余弦退火法的Adam优化器,引入迁移学习机制训练模型,构建适用于饲料原料种类识别的CAM-ResNet18网络模型。CAM-ResNet18网络模型的原料种类验证准确率达99.1%,识别时间为2.58ms。与ResNet18、ResNet34、AlexNet、VGG16等网络模型相比,模型验证集准确率分别提升0.6、0.2、3.7、1.1个百分点。针对混淆矩阵结果分析,测试集识别平均准确率达99.4%,具有较高的精确度和召回率。结果表明,构建的CAM-ResNet18网络模型在饲料原料种类识别方面具有较高的识别精度和较快检测速度,自主研发的多通道入仓原料种类自动识别装置具有实际应用价值。     

基于载La半焦基催化的松木热解试验

采用浸渍法,以松木热解半焦为载体,制备了载La半焦基催化剂,利用自行设计的两段式生物质催化热解固定床反应系统进行松木燃料棒催化热解试验,研究不同重整温度下载La半焦基催化剂对生物质热解气、焦油、焦炭三相产物的影响规律.通过气体组分的变化、焦油FTIR谱图的变化以及催化剂SEM、XRD表征特性测试,探讨载La半焦基催化剂...     

果园有机肥深施机分层变量排肥控制系统设计与试验

果园不同深度的土壤养分不同,果树根系分层吸肥能力不同,有机肥分层变量深施可以解决传统施肥存在的养分分布不均和肥料利用率低等问题。针对有机肥分层变量深施的排肥控制问题,本文设计了排肥控制系统,可以根据用户设置的各层理论排肥量和作业速度,实时计算液压马达的理论转速,并采用PID算法控制比例流量阀开度,调节马达转速驱动螺旋输送器排肥,实现分层变量排肥。将AMESim中建立的液压系统模型与在Matlab/Simulink中建立的控制模型进行联合仿真,整定PID参数。液压马达转速调节性能试验中最大超调量为14r/min,达到稳定转速的时间最大为6s,控制性能较好,表明通过AMESim-Matlab/Simulink联合仿真,能够快速便捷地整定PID参数,结果准确可靠。排肥控制性能试验中排肥量相对误差最大6.20%,变异系数最大8.69%,排肥量准确性和均匀性均达到要求。设计的控制系统具有较好的性能,能为果园有机肥分层变量深施提供技术支撑。     

黄瓜耐弱光性的多元统计分析

 利用遮阳网模拟弱光条件, 调查18份黄瓜自交系苗期生长发育和生理生化指标, 采用多元统计分析方法评价黄瓜品系耐弱光性强弱。结果表明, 参试品系的13个指标在品系间存在显著差异, 利用因子分析将这些指标综合成5个主因子, 累计贡献率达85.62%。对旋转后的因子得分进行聚类分析, 供试品系可分为4类: 耐弱光材料M₂₂、M₄₃、M_a9; 较耐弱光材料M₈、M₁₁、M₃、M₄、M₃₄; 弱光中度敏感材料M₁₂、M₂₁、M₁₄、M₂、M_a1、M₂₈和弱光敏感材料M₁₀、M₄₄、M₃₂、M₃₆。经过弱光处理后耐弱光指数较大、光合速率降低幅度较小的品系耐弱光性强, 应结合耐弱光指数与光合、生长等因子综合进行黄瓜耐弱光性鉴定。     

甘蓝自交不亲和决定因子的体外表达和相互作用的检测

 S位点受体激酶(SRK)和S位点富含半胱氨酸蛋白/S位点蛋白11(SCR/SP11)分别为甘蓝自交不亲和(self-incompatibility, SI)信号传导的雌雄决定因子。为了深入研究两者的作用机理和进行人工调控,本研究以结球甘蓝ZQ为材料,利用pET·NusA融合蛋白表达系统,将包含SRK胞外域和跨膜域的mSRK蛋白和SCR蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21中融合表达,经SDS-PAGE电泳检测表达出融合蛋白大小分别约为116 kD和74 kD。进一步将两融合蛋白进行体外相互作用的检测,结果表明mSRK与SCR蛋白能够相互结合形成稳定的复合体,这为下一步实现SRK-SCR复合体聚合与解离的人为调控提供了技术平台。     

梨叶片中苹果褪绿叶斑病毒的引物原位标记检测

 选用带苹果褪绿叶斑病毒的香梨叶片,制备成适合进行原位RT-PCR的石蜡切片。设计特异引物,利用引物原位标记技术对切片组织中的病毒进行了检测研究,结果表明,PRINS-FITC染色法和PRINS-Rhodamine染色法均能获得良好的检测效果,有病毒部位分别显示绿色荧光和红色荧光,而且荧光出现的位置与原位RT-PCR检测的结果一致。由此证明引物原位标记技术可用于果树病毒的原位检测。     

Jagged1 knocking down in endothelial cells accelerates PDGF induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of Jagged1 expression in endothelial cells (EC) on platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in rat.METHODS: Rat aorta EC was inoculated in the lower chamber and VSMC were in the upper chamber of the cell coculture system. Three groups were divided: control, sicontrol and siJagged1. The EC Jagged1 protein expression was assayed by Western blotting to evaluate small RNA interfering (RNAi) efficiency. After the cells were cocultured with PDGF for 24 h, the proliferation and migration of VSMC were respectively evaluated by ［3H］-TdR incorporation and migrating cells counting. Protein expression of α-SM-actin in VSMC was assayed by Western blotting. RESULTS: The Jagged1 protein expression in EC was significantly lower in siJagged1 group than that in control group (0.26±0.02 vs 0.67±0.02, P<0.05), and no statistic significance was observed between control and sicontrol groups. The VSMC ［3H］-TdR incorporation and migration were higher in PDGF +siJagged1 group than those in PDGF group {［3H］-TdR incorporation (23 074±2 702) counts·min-1·well-1 vs (16 442±1 803)counts·min-1·well-1, n=5, P<0.05; migration (27±4) cells/field vs (15±3)cells/field, n=5, P<0.05}. The α-SM-actin protein in VSMC was lower in PDGF + siJagged1 group than that in PDGF group (0.25±0.06 vs 0.49±0.04, n=3, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Jagged1 knock down in rat EC accelerates PDGF induced proliferation and migration of VSMC. These results suggest that Jagged1 expression in EC plays an important role in maintaining VSMC contract phenotype and inhibiting VSMC overgrowth after arterial injury.     

Mechanism of mesenteric lymph reperfusion aggravates multiple organ injury in superior mesenteric artery occlusion shock rats

AIM: To explore the mechanism of mesenteric lymph reperfusion (MLR) aggravates multiple organ injury in superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: in sham group, only anesthetization and operation were performed; in MLR group, occlusion of mesenteric lymphatics (ML) for 1 h followed by 2 h of reperfusion; in SMAO group, occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 1 h followed by 2 h reperfusion; in MLR+SMAO group, occlusion of SMA and ML for 1 h followed by 2 h of reperfusion. The homogenates of liver, kidney, myocardium and lung were prepared for determining the activities of free radical, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cell membrane ATPase. RESULTS: The MDA, NO contents and NOS, MPO activities of multiple organic homogenate in SMAO and MLR+SMAO group were higher than those in sham and MLR group, and these indexes in MLR+SMAO were increased significantly than those in SMAO group. The SOD and ATPase activities of muliple organic homogenate in SMAO and MLR+SMAO group were lower than those in sham and MLR group, and those in MLR+SMAO group was decreased obviously than those in SMAO group. CONCLUSION: The MLR enhances the multiple organ free radical injury, NO synthesis and release, PMN detention and decreases the activity of cell membrane ATPase, aggravating the major organs injury in SMAO shock rats. Intestinal lymphatic pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SMAO shock.