压缩处理对杨木单板表面自由能的影响

采用Wilhelmy板法测量探测液体与经压缩处理前后的杨木单板的接触角,探讨了利用临界表面张力法、几何平均法及调和平均法得到的杨木表面自由能与单板压缩率的关系.结果表明:利用临界表面张力法和调和平均法测定的未经压缩的杨木单板表面自由能分别为63.2和53.3 mJ·m-2,该值均随单板压缩率的增加而缓慢增加;而几何平均法计算的表面自由能偏大;利用调和平均法计算的未经压缩杨木单板总表面自由能中,色散力分量为10.8 mJ·m-2,极性力分量为42.5mJ·m-2.     

紫甜玉米产量及其构成因素和品质性状的杂种优势和配合力分析

【目的】对20个紫甜玉米自交系与2个测试种进行产量及其构成因素和品质性状的杂种优势和配合力分析,为高效创制高产甜玉米自交系提供材料基础和理论依据。【方法】将20个紫甜玉米自交系（TD01~TD20）与2个测试种[黄色甜玉米自交系（TI）和白色甜玉米自交系（T2）]进行杂交组配,采用完全随机组设计对获得的40个杂交组合（TH01~TH40）进行田间试验,以SW1011和Fancy 111为对照品种。测定亲本及其杂交组合的产量及其构成因素和品质性状。利用Line×Tester模型在AGD-R软件中进行中亲优势度（Hm）、杂种优势度（Hb）和一般配合力（GCA）分析。【结果】紫色种皮由父本遗传,在40个杂交组合中占优势,所有测定的性状表现为中亲优势和杂种优势。大多数亲本系鲜穗收获期的Hm、Hb和GCA表现为负值,说明这些亲本系具有组配早熟杂交种的潜力。除收获期和穗粗外,其余调查性状表现出多个显性效应,证明了非加性遗传效应的重要性。具有较高GCA的杂交组合为TH05（T1×TD05）、TH31（T2×TD11）、TH20（T1×TD20）、TH33（T2×TD13）、TH34（T2×TD14）、TH16（T1×TD16）、TH08（T1×TD08）和TH25（T2×TD05）。【结论】紫色甜玉米与黄色甜玉米自交系或白色甜玉米自交系杂交,紫色性状具有显性效应,筛选出的8个品质优良杂交种及其亲本可作为培育越南商品化紫甜玉米品种的亲本材料。     

Genetic diversity and translocation in the marron, Cherax tenuimanus (Smith): implications for management and conservation

Approximately 440 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal ribose nucleic acid (rRNA) coding region were sequenced from 13 marron, Cherax tenuimanus (Smith), samples from six locations and samples of two additional Cherax species from Western Australia. The results indicated that, with the exception of the Margaret River, no variation was found within or between marron populations. In contrast, marron from the Margaret River were found to be polymorphic for two divergent haplotypes (2.76% divergence). These findings were consistent with allozyme data that highlight the general lack of genetic variability within and between populations of this species apart from the Margaret River stocks. The genetic polymorphisms in the Margaret River stocks contrasted with earlier studies and indicated the recent translocation and mixing of genetically differentiated stocks within this river system. The implications of these findings for the conservation and management of genetic diversity within marron are discussed.     

Ascorbic Acid Improves the Developmental Competence of Porcine Oocytes After Parthenogenetic Activation and Somatic Cell Nuclear Transplantation

In this study, a dose-response assessment was performed to understand the relation between supplementation of media with L-ascorbic acid or vitamin C and porcine oocyte maturation and the in vitro development of parthenotes (PA) and handmade cloned (HMC) embryos. Various concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml) of vitamin C supplemented in in vitro maturation (IVM) and culture (IVC) media were tested. None of these vitamin C additions affected nuclear maturation of oocytes, yet supplementation at 50 µg/ml led to significantly increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS). When cultured in IVM- and/or IVC-supplemented media, the group supplemented with 50 µg/ml of vitamin C showed improved cleavage rates, blastocyst rates and total cell numbers per blastocyst (P<0.05) compared with other groups (control, 25 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml). In contrast, supplementation with 50 µg/ml vitamin C decreased (P<0.05) the apoptosis index as compared with the groups supplemented with 100 µg/ml. In addition, even with a lower blastocyst rate to start with (37.6 vs. 50.3%, P<0.05), supplementation of HMC embryos with vitamin C ameliorated their blastocyst quality to the extent of PA embryos as indicated by their total cell numbers (61.2 vs. 59.1). Taken together, an optimized concentration of vitamin C supplementation in the medium not only improves blastocyst rates and total cell numbers but also reduces apoptotic indices, whereas overdosages compromise various aspects of the development of parthenotes and cloned porcine embryos.     

水溶性有机碳在各种粘土底土中的吸附：土壤性质的影响

Clay-rich subsoils are added to sandy soils to improve crop yield and increase organic carbon (C) sequestration; however, little is known about the influence of clay subsoil properties on organic C sorption and desorption. Batch sorption experiments were conducted with nine clay subsoils with a range of properties. The clay subsoils were shaken for 16 h at 4 ^oC with water-extractable organic C (WEOC, 1 224 g C L^-1) from mature wheat residue at a soil to extract ratio of 1:10. After removal of the supernatant, the residual pellet was shaken with deionised water to determine organic C desorption. The WEOC sorption was positively correlated with smectite and illite contents, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and total organic C, but negatively correlated with kaolinite content. Desorption of WEOC expressed as a percentage of WEOC sorbed was negatively correlated with smectite and illite contents, CEC, total and exchangeable calcium (Ca) concentrations and clay content, but positively correlated with kaolinite content. The relative importance of these properties varied among soil types. The soils with a high WEOC sorption capacity had medium CEC and their dominant clay minerals were smectite and illite. In contrast, kaolinite was the dominant clay mineral in the soils with a low WEOC sorption capacity and low-to-medium CEC. However, most soils had properties which could increase WEOC sorption as well as those that could decrease WEOC sorption. The relative importance of properties increasing or decreasing WEOC sorption varied with soils. The soils with high desorption had a low total Ca concentration, low-to-medium CEC and low clay content, whereas the soils with low desorption were characterised by medium-to-high CEC and smectite and illite were the dominant clay minerals. We conclude that WEOC sorption and desorption depend not on a single property but rather a combination of several properties of the subsoils in this study.     

新疆褐牛体重与体尺指标的相关及回归分析

为探讨新疆褐牛体重与体尺指标间的相关性及构建不同生长阶段的回归方程,为新疆褐牛选育提供直接而有效的方法,以伊犁地区2011—2019年6月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄新疆褐牛为对象,测定4个生长阶段的4个体尺指标和体重并进行相关性分析和逐步线性回归分析.新疆褐牛不同生长阶段体重和体尺指标间存在着极显著的(P<0.0...     

奶牛场生产母牛产后瘫痪发病率调查及典型产后瘫痪病例诊治

奶牛产后瘫痪是母牛分娩前后突然发生的一种严重的代谢性疾病。本文统计了伊犁某荷斯坦奶牛场2015年4月至2018年3月1 200头分娩奶牛生产瘫痪发病情况,分娩奶牛发生产后瘫痪104头,产后瘫痪平均发病率为8.65%,以1月、12月、2月发病率较高,为11.11%～13.89%;而4月、9月、10月发病率低,为6.61%～6.71%。高产奶牛在5胎以上产后瘫痪发病率达10.30%～11.79%,而第2胎发病率很低,在3.59%。本文着重对1例典型病例发病原因、临床症状及发病特点进行详细论述,采取补钙、补糖及结合乳房送风治疗效果明显,从而得出了一些治疗预防的方法,为减少养殖场奶牛产后瘫痪发病率提供了参考。