Prior infection with antigenically heterologous low pathogenic avian influenza viruses interferes with the lethality of the H5 highly pathogenic strain in domestic ducks

Low and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs and HPAIVs, respectively) have been co-circulating in poultry populations in Asian, Middle Eastern, and African countries. In our avian-flu surveillance in Vietnamese domestic ducks, viral genes of LPAIV and HPAIV have been frequently detected in the same individual. To assess the influence of LPAIV on the pathogenicity of H5 HPAIV in domestic ducks, an experimental co-infection study was performed. One-week-old domestic ducks were inoculated intranasally and orally with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control) or 10⁶ EID₅₀ of LPAIVs (A/duck/Vietnam/LBM678/2014 (H6N6) or A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM694/2014 (H9N2)). Seven days later, these ducks were inoculated with HPAIV (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM808/2015 (H5N6)) in the same manner. The respective survival rates were 100% and 50% in ducks pre-infected with LBM694 or LBM678 strains and both higher than the survival of the control group (25%). The virus titers in oral/cloacal swabs of each LPAIV pre-inoculation group were significantly lower at 3–5 days post-HPAIV inoculation. Notably, almost no virus was detected in swabs from surviving individuals of the LBM678 pre-inoculation group. Antigenic cross-reactivity among the viruses was not observed in the neutralization test. These results suggest that pre-infection with LPAIV attenuates the pathogenicity of HPAIV in domestic ducks, which might be explained by innate and/or cell-mediated immunity induced by the initial infection with LPAIV.     

栓系隔离挤乳对伊犁马驹体尺及血清生化指标的影响

选取出生日期相差在10 d内的伊犁马驹24匹,自30日龄后,每日08:30-18:30马驹与母马栓系隔离,其余时间自由采食母乳.测量马驹70、115、140、155和170日龄体高、体长、胸围、管围,并对170日龄试验马驹体尺指标、血液生化指标与野外放牧马驹进行比较分析.结果表明:伊犁马驹体高与胸围生长发育曲线的交叉点在120 d左右;栓系隔离马驹与野外放牧马驹各项体尺指标及各项血液生化指标(TP、Alb、Glob、A/G、Chol、K、Na、a、TEa、P、Mg)均无显著差异;栓系隔离马驹与野外放牧马驹各项血液生化指标均处于正常生理范围内,但血清Alb值均接近正常值的下限,分别为24.95±2.53和25.92±2.87 mmol/L.     

越南不同龙眼品种品质分析比较(英文)

[目的]筛选出适合越南当地生产的龙眼品种。[方法]分别对引种至越南农科院北部山区农林研究所内栽培的5个龙眼品种的果实植物学性状和品种果实性状进行了比较分析。[结果]筛选出了可作为鲜食的优良龙眼品种PMP6,PHS1-1以及可用于加工的优良品种HuongChi。[结论]本研究将对越南北部山区的龙眼生产、育种提供参考。     

竹集成材高频热压过程中板坯内温度的变化趋势

以毛竹Phyllostachys edulis集成材为研究对象,在不同条件下进行高频热压,通过对竹集成材板坯高频热压过程中芯层温度变化的统计分析,得到了竹集成材高频热压过程中板坯温度的变化规律。结果表明:在试验条件范围内,随着板坯含水率从6%增加到18%,涂胶量从200 g·m-2增加到300 g·m-2,板坯的温度明显升高。升温过程可以分为快速升温和慢速升温2个阶段。在快速升温阶段板坯内的温度随板坯初含水率、涂胶量及加热时间的提高而递增;在慢速升温阶段板坯初含水率及涂胶量对板坯内的温度的影响很小,板坯芯层升温速度随加热时间的增加而减少。通过试验数据分析,得出较优的高频热压胶合工艺条件为:涂胶量300 g·m-2,竹条含水率12%,高频热压时间7 min。     

Assessment of pregnancy‐associated glycoprotein (PAG) concentrations in swamp buffalo samples from fetal and maternal origins by using interspecies antisera

Pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAG) constitute a large family of glycoproteins found in the outer placental epithelial cell layer of the placenta in Eutherian species. In ruminants, they are noted to be structurally closely related among the different species. This study was designed to determine PAG concentrations in maternal and fetal plasma, allantoic and amniotic fluids in buffalo species. Antisera (AS) generated in rabbits against distinct PAG molecules were used in three radioimmunoassay (RIA)‐PAG systems: RIA‐1 (antiserum raised against bovine PAG67kDa; AS#497), RIA‐2 (antiserum raised against caprine PAG55 + 62 kDa; AS#706) or RIA‐3 (antiserum raised against buffalo PAG; AS#859). Samples were collected at a slaughterhouse (n = 67). PAG concentrations determined by RIA‐2 gave significantly higher results in both allantoic and amniotic fluids (12.7 ± 2.1 ng/mL and 24.0 ± 7.3 ng/mL, respectively). Regarding maternal and fetal plasma, PAG concentrations obtained by RIA‐2 (21.8 ± 2.4 ng/mL and 20.2 ± 2.5 ng/mL, respectively) and RIA‐3 (25.0 ± 2.2 ng/mL and 21.9 ± 3.2 ng/mL, respectively) were higher than those obtained by RIA‐1 (15.5 ± 1.4 ng/mL and 16.1 ± 1.8 ng/mL, respectively). The correlation among the three systems was very high. The study clearly reveals the ability of different PAG‐RIA systems to measure PAG concentration in swamp buffalo samples.     

Effects of salt stress on ion accumulation and antioxidative enzyme activities of Oryza sativa L. and Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing

The effects of salt stress on physiological factors, such as inorganic ion absorption and antioxidative enzyme activities, of rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Anapurna) and Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing were investigated. Although having similar morphology, rice and E. oryzicola possessed considerably different salt-tolerance mechanisms. Echinochloa oryzicola was more salt-tolerant than rice. When exposed to salt stress (100 mmol L⁻¹ sodium chloride, NaCl; six days), E. oryzicola had the ability to limit the accumulation of sodium ions (Na⁺), maintained high potassium ion (K⁺) content and had a constantly higher K⁺/Na⁺ ratio than rice. Rice was not effective in limiting Na⁺ absorption but had a higher antioxidative capacity than E. oryzicola . The constitutive activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase of rice were three and five times higher than that of E. oryzicola, respectively. Induced activities of SOD, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase were also higher in rice than in E. oryzicola . The high antioxidative capacity was one of the tolerance mechanisms used by rice to cope with salt stress. Therefore, the salt tolerant-mechanisms are different between the two plants.     

Zoogeographical barriers causing discontinuous osteometrical variations in the northern treeshrew skulls

Morphological variation of the skull was examined in the northern treeshrew (Tupaia belangeri) from various localities across Southeast Asia. Through a multivariate analysis, the treeshrews from South Vietnam exhibited distinct morphological characteristics compared to other populations from Thailand and Laos, and Malaysia. The plots of the specimens of North Vietnam are not randomly mixed with Thailand plots segregation in the scatteregrams of canonical discriminant analysis. Since the skulls of the population from North Vietnam were morphologically similar to those form central Laos and northern and northeastern Thailand, the zoogeographical barrier effect of Mekong River was not clearly confirmed. The population of the Kanchanaburi in western Thailand is clearly smaller in size compared to the other populations. The southern border of the distribution of this species is determined by the Isthmus of Kra or Kangar-Pattani Line. In the northern treeshrew, which is distributed from southern China to Bangladesh and southern Thailand, we have detected osteometrical geographical variation driven by geography. These results indicate that the skull morphology in the Tupaia glis-belangeri complex distinctively differs in South Vietnam, western Thailand, and southern Thailand. The zoogeographical barrier and factor separating these districts are expected to clarify in the future.     

新疆褐牛犊牛补饲试验效果分析

[目的]为探讨新疆褐牛犊牛补饲对其生长发育以及经济效益的影响,[方法]试验选取新疆褐牛犊牛20头,分为试验组和对照组,试验组犊牛在哺乳的基础上补饲精料,4月龄断奶,对照组分阶段饲喂,6月龄断奶。同时测定4月龄、6月龄的体高、体斜长、胸围、管围、体重并计算日增重和经济效益。[结果]结果表明,与对照组相比,4月龄试验组在体高、体斜长有着明显的提高,6月龄试验组在体斜长、胸围、管围、体重和日增重也有着明显的提高,但均为达到显著水平(P0.05)。经济效益分析结果表明,通过犊牛早期补饲可明显提高农牧民收入,节约饲养成本,相比传统饲喂方式每头犊牛饲养至6月龄可节约成本342元。[结论]综上,早期补饲对可提高新疆褐牛犊牛的生长性能,对改善养殖经济效益,提高经济收入有着显著的效果。     

酮病复方制剂对奶牛酮病抗氧化性能的影响研究

[目的]研发治疗奶牛酮病的新方法、新药物,从抗氧化性能方面揭示广西大学动物科学技术学院临床实验室自主研发的酮病治疗复方制剂——“酮康”对奶牛酮病的疗效.[方法]2013年6月,采用改良水杨醛比色法检测广西南宁某规模化奶牛场围产期奶牛46头,其中9头为酮病牛,并将其分为治疗组（6头）和阳性对照组（3头）,另从37头中选取6头与治疗组奶牛体况相似、胎次相近、产奶量接近的奶牛作为健康对照组.试验期间,治疗组每天灌服“酮康”400ml,连续治疗5d,阳性对照组、健康对照组均不灌服.分别采血检测试验前后奶牛各抗氧化酶活性（CAT、GPX、MDA、SOD、TAC、VE）.[结果]治疗后治疗组奶牛血酮含量明显降低,血糖明显上升,SOD和GPX的活性明显升高,差异极显著（P＜0.01）.CAT活性明显低于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.01）.MDA含量稍有下降,差异不显著（P＞0.05）,虽稍低于健康对照组和阳性对照组,但差异也不显著（P＞0.05）.VE含量明显低于健康对照组,差异极显著（P＜0.01）,而对照组治疗后VE含量均比治疗前高.治疗组在治疗后TAC和CAT活性均低于阳性对照组,差异极显著（P＜0.01）[结论]“酮康”对降低酮病奶牛的血酮含量、提高血糖含量和改善抗氧化性能的作用明显,效果良好.若不进行治疗和科学的饲养管理,酮病将持续伤害奶牛.     

压缩处理对杨木单板表面自由能的影响

采用Wilhelmy板法测量探测液体与经压缩处理前后的杨木单板的接触角,探讨了利用临界表面张力法、几何平均法及调和平均法得到的杨木表面自由能与单板压缩率的关系.结果表明:利用临界表面张力法和调和平均法测定的未经压缩的杨木单板表面自由能分别为63.2和53.3 mJ·m-2,该值均随单板压缩率的增加而缓慢增加;而几何平均法计算的表面自由能偏大;利用调和平均法计算的未经压缩杨木单板总表面自由能中,色散力分量为10.8 mJ·m-2,极性力分量为42.5mJ·m-2.