Spatio-Temporal Changes in the Rice Planting Area and Their Relationship to Climate Change in Northeast China：A Model-Based Analysis

Rice is one of the most important grain crops in Northeast China （NEC） and its cultivation is sensitive to climate change. This study aimed to explore the spatio-temporal changes in the NEC rice planting area over the period of 1980-2010 and to analyze their relationship to climate change. To do so, the CLUE-S （conversion of land use and its effects at small region extent） model was ifrst updated and used to simulate dynamic changes in the rice planting area in NEC to understand spatio-temporal change trends during three periods： 1980-1990, 1990-2000 and 2000-2010. The changing results in individual periods were then linked to climatic variables to investigate the climatic drivers of these changes. Results showed that the NEC rice planting area expanded quickly and increased by nearly 4.5 times during 1980-2010. The concentration of newly planted rice areas in NEC constantly moved northward and the changes were strongly dependent on latitude. This conifrmed that climate change, increases in temperature in particular, greatly inlfuenced the shift in the rice planting area. The shift in the north limit of the NEC rice planting area generally followed a 1＆#176;C isoline migration pattern, but with an obvious time-lag effect. These ifndings can help policy makers and crop producers take proper adaptation measures even when exposed to the global warming situation in NEC.     

水稻害虫图像识别技术研究

[目的]解决水稻害虫传统识别方法的低时效性问题。[方法]采用数字图像处理方法对水稻害虫进行图像识别和分类,对水稻害虫的虫体面积、虫体周长、偏心率、形状参数、似圆度、叶状性、球形性等几何形状特征进行提取和研究,并采用支持向量机(SVM)分类器对水稻害虫二化螟、三化螟、稻飞虱、卷叶螟进行分类。[结果]利用所建立的6个特征判别函数对4种水稻害虫进行判别分类,识别率达到96.67%,说明这6个经过筛选的特征具有很强的判别性。[结论]支持向量机分类器的识别方法很好地解决水稻害虫传统识别方法的低时效性问题。支持向量机以风险最小化为原则,兼顾训练误差与测试误差的最小化,具体体现在分类模型的选择和模型参数的选择上。     

建设福建省甘薯优质种苗产业化繁育基地的思考

甘薯是福建省重要的粮食作物,甘薯种苗的繁育对甘薯产业的发展起到了重要的作用,通过概述福建省不同阶段甘薯种苗繁育的发展历程及所取得的经验,分析当前福建省甘薯种苗产业的规模与特点,从新品种示范推广与成果转化、保障粮食安全、建立甘薯种植预警机制、病虫防治与良种供应、甘薯产业向专业化发展等方面总结了建立福建省甘薯优质种苗繁育产业化基地的必要性,并提出建设福建省甘薯优质种苗繁育产业化基地的短期目标。     

玉米穗腐病药剂防治研究

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了13种杀菌剂对玉米穗腐病菌(Fusarium graminearum)的室内毒力。试验结果表明:多菌灵、氟硅唑、氟菌唑、丙环唑、代森锰锌和烯唑醇6种杀菌剂对穗腐病菌抑菌效果较好,其EC5 0值分别为0.11,0.22,0.26,0.88,1.09,2.99μg/mL。对多菌灵、氟硅唑、丙环唑和代森锰锌4种药剂进一步进行了田间药效试验,有效成分用量丙环唑150.00 g/hm2、氟硅唑51.00 g/hm2在发病初期穗部喷施对玉米穗腐病的田间防治效果分别达66.14%和66.04%。产量测定结果表明:丙环唑用量为150.00 g/hm2处理的小区产量最高,增产效果显著,其次是氟硅唑用量为51.00 g/hm2。     

吉林省烟草野火病菌群体分子多态性分析

为研究烟草野火病菌的群体遗传多样性,采用正交试验方法,对5个多态性引物(REP,ERIC,BOX,J3,IS1112)的Rep-PCR反应体系分别进行了优化,同时优化了体系中的Mg2+、dNTP、rTaq酶等几个因素,并在此基础上对来源于吉林省不同地区的70株烟草野火病菌进行了分子多态性分析。结果表明:优化的PCR反应体系电泳图谱清晰,多态性丰富,重复性好,适合烟草野火病菌群体分子标记研究。通过聚类分析发现,吉林省烟草野火病菌群体存在分子多态性,在遗传相似系数为0.9时,70个菌株被聚为4个类群(G1~G4),其中G1类群最大(39个菌株,占55.71%),而G3类群最小,仅包括2个菌株。G1和G2类群分别包含了5个和3个亚群。不同类群和亚群的菌株地理来源存在多样性。     

养殖刺参溃疡病杀鲑气单胞菌的分离、致病性及胞外产物特性分析

从患溃疡病的养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)病灶处分离出1株优势菌H1,以浸浴、创伤浸浴、体腔注射和体壁肌肉注射等方式进行感染实验,证实菌株H1为养殖刺参溃疡病病原菌,并证明该菌通过体表创伤侵入的方式感染刺参,以创伤浸浴和体壁肌肉注射感染的LD50(半数致死量)分别为2.26×107CFU/尾和1.80×107CFU/尾。经形态学观察、生理生化特性分析和mini API系统鉴定,确定菌株H1为杀鲑气单胞菌杀日本鲑亚种(Aeromonas salmonicida ma-soucida)。提取菌株H1的胞外产物(ECP)进行致病性实验,结果表明ECP可导致刺参死亡,其对刺参的LD50为5.24μg蛋白/g体质量。H1-ECP具有酪蛋白酶、明胶蛋白酶、几丁质酶和淀粉酶活性,并具有溶血素活性;对底物偶氮酪蛋白(Azocasin)作用的酶比活力可达到674.5活力单位/mg蛋白,最适作用温度为50℃;对热不稳定,70℃作用30 min时,酪蛋白酶活性降到0;100℃作用30 min,ECP对刺参的毒性消失;ECP酶活可被10 mmol/L EDTA完全抑制,可被5 mmol/L PMSF抑制98.8%,Ca2 和Mg2 可使酶活性分别提高约9%和4%。结论认为,该病原菌通过体表创伤侵入方式感染宿主刺参,菌株H1胞外产物是其对刺参致病的因子之一。     

供铁水平对不同苹果基因型生长及根系特性的影响

以小金海棠 (MalusxiaojinensisChengetJiang)和山定子 (MalusbaccataL .Borkh)为试材 ,研究供铁水平对其生长及根系特性的影响 ,结果表明 ,在幼苗生长量、新叶叶绿素含量、营养液pH日变化、根系活力、根系ATP酶活性诸方面 ,存在基因型差异。同一供铁水平 ,小金海棠有明显的铁胁迫反应 ,而山定子铁胁迫反应较弱。低铁胁迫处理 ,小金海棠叶片叶绿素含量、根系活力、根系ATP酶活性皆明显高于山定子。根系活力及根系ATP酶活性可用作铁高效基因型植物的筛选指标     

云南红河野生树花中金属元素含量的分析

采用火焰原子吸收法同时测定了野生树花中Co、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Fe、Mn、Mg、Ca和Pb10种金属元素的含量。结果表明:树花中含有丰富的金属元素,尤以Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn等元素的含量高,未检测出有害元素Pb,揭示了野生树花具有较高的营养价值。     

高分子物理原理在木材加工业中的应用

通过介绍高分子物理理论在人造板生产、家俱生产、木材干燥生产等木材加工工业中的应用实践， 同时强调从分子水平研究和完善木材加工理论的重要性     

Differential Expression Analysis of MUC4 and MUC13 Genes Between Resistant and Sensitive Weaned Meishan Piglets to ETEC F18

MUC4 and MUC13 genes as important candidate genes for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil (ETEC) F4 resistance,may play an important role in the process of against ETEC F18 infection in weaned piglets. In this study,ETEC F18-resistant and -sensitive weaned Meishan piglets were used,and the expression levels of MUC4 and MUC13 genes in 11 tissues (heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,stomach,muscle,thymus,lymph nodes,duodenum and jejunum) were determined by quantitative Real-time PCR. The results showed that MUC4 and MUC13 genes were broadly expressed with different expression levels in all the 11 tissues. In the thymus and lymph tissues,the expression of MUC4 gene in resistant piglets was significantly higher than that in sensitive piglets (P<0.05);In the lung tissue,theMUC13 gene expression level in resistant individuals was significantly higher than that in sensitive individuals (P<0.05),and in the intestinal tissues of duodenum and jejunum, the expression level of MUC13 gene was relatively higher in resistant individuals. Thus we speculated that the high expression of MUC4 gene in immune tissues and MUC13 gene in intestinal tissues might improve the immune ability of piglets,protect and lubricate the intestinal tract, and resist ETEC F18 infection.