Buchbesprechungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Verbreitung der TannentrieblausDreyfusia Nüsslini C.B. in Österreich und neue Methoden der Bekämpfung

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

IPM Strategies and Their Dilemmas Including an Introduction to www. eurowheat.org

Information about disease management in winter wheat （Triticum aestiva） in eight European countries was collated and analysed by scientists and extension workers within the European Network for the Durable Exploitation of Crop Protection Strategies （ENDURE）. This included information about specific disease thresholds, decision support systems, host varieties, disease prevalence and pathogen virulence. Major differences in disease prevalence and economic importance were observed. Septoria tritici blotch （Mycosphaerella graminicola） was recognized as the most yield reducing disease in countries with intensive wheat production, but also rust diseases （Puccinia striiformis and Puccinia triticina）, powdery mildew （Blumeria graminis） and Fusarium head blight （Fusarium spp.） were seen as serious disease problems. Examples of current integrated pest management （IPM） strategies in different countries have been reported. Disease management and fungicide use patterns showed major differences, with an average input equivalent to 2.3 full dose rates （TFI） in the UK and a TFI of 0.6 in Denmark. These differences are most likely due to a combination of different cropping systems, climatic differences, disease prevalence, and socio-economic factors. The web based information platform www.eurowheat.org was used for dissemination of information and results including information on control thresholds, cultural practices which can influence disease attack, fungicide efficacy, fungicide resistance, and pathogen virulence, which are all elements supporting 1PM for disease control in wheat. The platform is open to all users. The target groups of EuroWheat information are researchers, advisors, breeders, and similar partners dealing with disease management in wheat.     

Fibrous osteodystrophy in a dromedary camel

A 6-y-old female dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius L.) was presented for assessment of firm, bilateral swellings rostral and ventral to the eyes. Serum biochemistry revealed hyperglycemia (28.5 mmol/L), hypocalcemia (1.27 mmol/L), hyperphosphatemia (3.39 mmol/L), hypoproteinemia (total protein 50 g/L), and hypoalbuminemia (20 g/L). Based on the poor prognosis associated with the presumptive diagnosis of fibrous osteodystrophy, the camel was euthanized. Gross postmortem findings revealed expanded fibrous tissue replacing the maxilla and mandible, and bilaterally prominent parathyroid glands. Histology of the maxilla revealed proliferative loose fibrous tissue with widely scattered, regularly spaced, small spicules of mineralized bone. The parathyroid glands were prominent bilaterally; the internal and external parathyroid glands were composed of plump cells with abundant pale basophilic cytoplasm and open nuclei. The pathologic findings were consistent with the antemortem diagnosis of fibrous osteodystrophy. The camel’s diet, which was not specifically balanced for a camel, included grass hay, sweet feed, and alfalfa pellets. The camel’s caregivers reported feeding her treats of cookies. A feed analysis was not available. The biochemistry abnormalities and clinical and postmortem findings, along with a diet that was not balanced for a camel, are consistent with a diagnosis of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism.