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21.
Yamakawa K Aoki T Matsui M Yamada K Ishii M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(5):641-644
To establish a method to predict postpartum diseases using prepartum back fat thickness (BFT), the peripartum BFTs of 54 healthy multiparous cows before calving, which were diagnosed with postpartum displacement of the abomasum (DA), clinical ketosis or subclinical ketosis were compared with those of healthy cows from 8 weeks before the expected calving date to 8 weeks after calving. The peripartum BFTs of the cows with DA or clinical ketosis were significantly higher than those of healthy cows. The peripartum BFTs of the cows with subclinical ketosis were not significantly higher than those of the healthy cows. 相似文献
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This study deals with grazing in kunugi (Quercus acutissima) forests in the Aso district of Kyushu Island in southwest Japan. These forests are managed for production of bed-logs for
shiitake mushrooms and cow-calf farming. One of their characteristics is short-term rotation such as 10–15 years for bed-logs
and a year for calf production. A forest grazing experiment was begun in Minamioguni to look at forest growth, vegetation
change and grazing intensity. Stem densities dropped in a few years. After sprout cutting, they also dropped gradually, then
stabilized. Although grazing caused tree damage and suppressed tree growth, grazing intensity of up to 150 cow-days/ha·year
did not harm forest regeneration. Herbage volume decreased as grazing was repeated and trees grew. Another investigation of
kunugi grazing forests in Minamioguni and Asaji showed the correlation betweenRy (yield index in Stand density diagram) and grazing capacity could be expressed with a regression equation. The results were
also used to design a yield table for kunugi grazing forests. The yield table has items ofRy and grazing capacity in addition to usual yield table items, and can indicate timber yield and grazing capacity at the same
time. The table estimates that proper grazing capacity is 60–80 cow-days/ha·year in wild grass sites. In the light of these
results, an optimal management plan was proposed as a diagram integrating stem density, forest yield, and forest management. 相似文献
26.
Kozo Watanabe Michael T. Monaghan Yasuhiro Takemon Tatsuo Omura 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2010,20(5):574-579
- 1. The dispersal ability of species and the geographic scale of habitat fragmentation both may influence the extent of gene flow between fragments, but their interactions have rarely been tested, particularly among co‐occurring species.
- 2. Population genetic structures of three species of aquatic insect were compared in streams fragmented by reservoirs and in unfragmented streams in north‐eastern Japan, using 52, 37, and 58 RAPD markers. The three species studied included a strong disperser Cincticostella elongatula (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), an intermediate disperser Stenopsyche marmorata (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae), and a weak disperser Hydropsyche orientalis (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae).
- 3. The patterns of genetic isolation by distance (IBD) supported a priori hypotheses of dispersal ability. The strong disperser (C. elongatula) exhibited significant IBD only at the largest spatial scale studied (among drainages, r=0.50, P<0.01). The intermediate disperser (S. marmorata) showed IBD both within (r=0.22, P<0.01) and among (r=0.45, P<0.01) drainages. The weak disperser (H. orientalis) did not exhibit significant IBD at any scale.
- 4. Pairwise genetic differentiation (θ) indicated that neither the weak disperser nor the strong disperser were genetically differentiated above and below reservoirs when compared with reference sites. This was in contrast to previous results for S. marmorata, for which subpopulations were genetically fragmented across larger (>4.1 km), but not smaller (<2.9 km) reservoirs.
- 5. We suggest that intermediate dispersers, i.e. those at equilibrium between migration and genetic drift within drainages, are more likely to be affected by fragmentation than either strong or weak dispersers. Intermediate dispersers could therefore be used as indicator species in studies aimed at detecting the effects of distance between habitat fragments (e.g. reservoir size) for conservation planning. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
27.
Dao Ha Viet Takata Yoshinobu Omura Takuo Sato Shigeru Fukuyo Yasuwo Kodama Masaaki 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(2):507-512
Previously we reported that a significant level of domoic acid, a causative toxin for amnesic shellfish poisoning, was detected
in bivalves belonging to a genus Spondylus from various tropical Asian countries. These findings indicate that causative plankton species for domoic acid widely distribute
in these areas. In the present study, we monitored seasonal change of domoic acid level of Spondylus versicolor in association with that of plankton samples in Nha Phu Bay, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam from December 2004 to October 2005. The toxicity
of S. versicolor showed distinct seasonal variation. During the period when domoic acid level of S. versicolor was increasing, a significant level of domoic acid was detected in the plankton samples, showing the correlation between
these two parameters. These findings show that plankton causative for domoic acid occurred in the bay, and S. versicolor accumulate domoic acid during a bloom of the toxic plankton by food web transfer. 相似文献
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Mitsuo Horita Kenichi Tsuchiya Yasuhiro Suga Kazutaka Yano Takamitsu Waki Daisuke Kurose Naruto Furuya 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2014,80(6):455-465
Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal organism of bacterial wilt of more than 200 species representing 50 families of plants in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions in the world. Traditionally classified into five races based on differences in host range, R. solanacearum has also been grouped into six biovars on the basis of biochemical properties. With recent developments in molecular biology, various DNA-based analyses have been introduced and used to confirm that this binary system does not completely represent the diversity within R. solanacearum strains. Therefore, a new hierarchical classification scheme has been suggested, which defines R. solanacearum as a species complex and reorganized the concept of the species as a monophyletic cluster according to a phylogenetic analysis based on genomic sequence data. Here we discuss the current bacterial wilt situation and genetic relationships based on the recent classification system of Japanese R. solanacearum strains as well as worldwide strains. We also review the genetic, biochemical, and pathological characteristics of R. solanacearum strains, in particular, those affecting potato and Zingiberaceae plants as distinctly important pathogens in relation to continuously problematic and recent emergent diseases in Japan. 相似文献
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Takahisa YAMADA Seiki SASAKI Shin SUKEGAWA Takeshi MIYAKE Tatsuo FUJITA Hiroyuki KOSE Mitsuo MORITA Youichi TAKAHAGI Hiroshi MURAKAMI Fumiki MORIMATSU Yoshiyuki SASAKI 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(4):486-489
Marbling, defined by the amount and distribution of intramuscular fat, is an economically important trait of beef cattle in Japan. The endothelial differentiation , sphingolipid G-protein-coupled receptor , 1 ( EDG1 ) gene has been considered as a positional functional candidate for the gene responsible for marbling. We have recently reported that 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), c.-312A > G in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) and c.*446G > A in the 3' UTR in EDG1 were associated with marbling in Japanese Black beef cattle, but this was not functional and a causal mutation for marbling. In the present study, we detected 2 novel SNPs, referred to as g.1475435G > A and g.1471620G > T , in the 5' flanking region of the EDG1 between low-marbled and high-marbled steer groups, which were previously shown to have EDG1 expression differences in musculus longissimus muscle. The g.1475435G > A SNP seemed not to segregate in Japanese Black beef cattle. The g.1471620G > T SNP was associated with the predicted breeding value for beef marbling standard number by the analyses using Japanese Black beef cattle population. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the g.1471620G > T SNP might have an impact on EDG1 expression and also marbling. 相似文献