Transient receptor proteins illuminated: Current views on TRPs and disease

The transient receptor potential proteins (TRPs) make up a very important family of ion channels responsible for a wide array of cellular functions. Originally identified in the visual system of Drosophila melanogaster, these channels are ubiquitously distributed throughout the mammalian system. The TRP family is divided into seven subfamilies in two groups: the first group comprises TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPN (Drosophila NOMPC) and TRPA (ankyrin). The second group contains TRPML (mucolipin) and TRPP (polycystin).The biophysical characterization of TRPs has revealed significantly different activation mechanisms and selectivity between channels. Functional studies have demonstrated that TRPs are necessary for a number of physiological processes, including sensation (such as taste, smell and temperature), hormone secretion and development. TRPs mediate these effects mainly by controlling the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration, which acts as a second messenger. Recent research has linked TRPs to different diseases. This review considers the impact of TRPs on cell physiology and the abnormalities observed with channel dysfunction.     

不同处理松针粉对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

选取180头30日龄健康杜长大断奶仔猪随机分为3组,每组设3个重复,研究未处理松针粉(对照组)、纯酶降解的松针粉(试验I组)和黑曲霉鲜曲降解的松针粉(试验Ⅱ组)对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响.结果表明,两个试验组仔猪的日增重均显著大于对照组;料肉比和腹泻率均显著小于对照组(P相似文献   

不同蛋能比对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长、饲料转化、血清指标和体组成的影响

导读：虾料配制时首先考虑的因子。 前言 凡纳滨对虾原产于美洲中南部的太平洋沿岸,我国于1988年引进,由于该虾生长快、适应性强、食性广、价格高、抗病力强等优点,迅速成为主要养殖品种。当前,饲料成本占总养殖成本的50～60％,而蛋白水平又是影响生长性能和饲料成本的主要因素。那么怎样才能降低饲料成本呢？通过优化蛋白能量和非蛋白能量在饲料中的比例,可以达到这一目的。如果蛋白相对于能量过量,那么,     

Effects of breed, diet and sex on the alkaline phosphatase activity in walls of the bovine rumen and abomasum

Alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity in tissue samples, with adherent bacteria, was measured from two sites in the rumen and from two sites in the abomasum of 57 yearling Angus and Hereford bulls and heifers fed a high or a low energy diet. In the rumen, APase activity was higher at the caudoventral blind sac than at the dorsal sac in animals of both breeds fed the high energy diet and in Angus bulls fed the low energy diet, but the reverse was observed in Hereford bulls fed the low-energy diet (P less than .01). In the abomasum, APase levels were higher for bulls than heifers (P less than .01) and higher at the fundic than at the pyloric region (P less than .01). Morphological studies also showed that rumen samples from animals fed a high energy diet exhibited a more widely distributed APase activity and an increase in the digestive recycling of epithelial cells that produced some "pitting" of the tissue. The higher APase activity of the epithelial tissue of animals fed the high energy diet may be explained by the greater rate of cell death and renewal indicated by the higher mitotic index reported by other researchers who have studied the cell cycle of the rumen epithelium in ruminants fed high and low energy diets.     

河道整治工程中灌草植物应用研究浅议

河道边坡结构的破坏, 加剧了河坡生态环境恶化。采用生物护坡,尤其是栽植灌木和草本,可明显改善边坡的水土保持能力。植物发达的根系通过锚固作用和加筋作用有效地提高坡面的稳定性。种植植物可以在相对较短的时间内恢复边坡的生态功能,增加其抗侵蚀能力。灌木和草本是用于护坡的主要植物,现阶段用于护坡的灌草大多是根系发达、抗逆性强的植物种。不同土壤、气候条件及不同地区和地域适宜种植的灌草植物不同,因此采用种植灌草护坡应根据当地环境条件选择适宜植物,否则很难成功。分析阐述了植物的生态作用及护坡机理,并总结了在河道整治工程中主要使用的部分灌草种。最后列举了一些适应我国北方地区气候环境的护坡灌草,以期为护坡工程中灌草植物的选用提供一些建议。     

犬附红细胞体病的诊治体会

犬附红细胞体病是由附红细胞体寄生于犬的血液、游离在血浆中或附着在红细胞表面所引起的一种血液寄生虫病。临床上以发热、贫血、黄疸等为主要特征。2004年以来,笔者诊治了8例病犬出现持续高热为主要特征的疾病,经临床与实验室诊断,确诊为犬附红细胞体病,经治疗5天后恢复正常。现举1例报道如下：     

东祁连山高寒草甸灌木和牧草营养成分含量季节变化动态

比较分析了高寒草甸和灌丛草甸中分布的几种优势牧草和灌木的营养成分，发现灌木蛋白质含量高，利用价值大，是一种重要的蛋白质饲草资源。     

饲喂不同比例小叶章日粮对奶牛瘤胃干物质降解率的研究

本文采用拉丁方实验设计,利用瘤胃尼龙袋技术,测定适宜期收获的小叶章牧草占粗饲料不同比例时其干物质(DM)在奶牛瘤胃中的降解率。结果表明：饲喂不同比例小叶章牧草时DM在奶牛瘤胃降解率依次为42．3％、46．7％、44．5%。测试结果证明,当小叶章牧草占日粮粗饲料25％比例时其对奶牛的饲用价值较高。     

动物营养水平与免疫及疾病关系的研究

动物营养与免疫及疾病之间的关系错综复杂,一方面营养水平合理可以提高免疫力和抗病力,营养缺乏直接或间接地引起动物机体免疫组织和免疫器官的损伤,从而引发各种疾病;反之,各种疾病引起的免疫反应又会影响营养成分的吸收。可见动物日粮营养水平对动物免疫与疾病具有重要影响。本文简要概述了动物日粮中的蛋白质、氨基酸、矿物质、维生素、脂肪、益生菌等营养物质对动物免疫与疾病的影响。     

Protein and lipid sources affect cholesterol concentrations of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of protein and lipid sources on cholesterol, AA, and fatty acid content, and on biological performance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone). In Exp. 1, seven isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were prepared using fish meal; soybean meal; casein; fish meal + soybean meal; fish meal + casein; soybean meal + casein; and fish meal + soybean meal + casein. In Exp. 2, seven isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were prepared using fish oil; soy oil; poultry fat; fish oil + soy oil; fish oil + poultry fat; soy oil + poultry fat; and fish oil + soy oil + poultry fat. Nine shrimp (average BW 570 mg) were stocked per 60-L tank, with three tanks per diet in each experiment. Shrimp were fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 28 d. Protein sources affected shrimp cholesterol, feed consumption, feed efficiency, protein consumption, protein efficiency ratio, and crude body fat (P < or = 0.05), but not weight gain, survival, hepatosomatic index, body protein, ash, and AA composition. Body (without hepatopancreas) cholesterol concentrations were the highest in shrimp fed the diet containing fish meal (0.81%), lowest for those fed the casein diet (0.64%), and intermediate in the other dietary treatment groups (range 0.71 to 0.74%). Lipid source also affected shrimp body cholesterol, body fatty acid profiles, and fatty acid profiles in the hepatopancreas (P < or = 0.05), but not growth performance, body protein, fat, ash, and cholesterol concentrations in the hepatopancreas. Shrimp fed the fish oil diet had the highest body cholesterol (0.75%), whereas those fed the soy oil or poultry fat diets were lowest (0.66 and 0.65%, respectively). Results indicate that by replacing fish meal and fish oil with soybean meal and soy oil, shrimp growth performance is not affected, but body cholesterol concentration is reduced.