2008年石河子地区葡萄烂果病大发生原因调查研究

[目的]明确2008年石河子地区葡萄烂果病大发生的主要原因.[方法]通过田间调查、室内品种抗性鉴定与大田品种抗病性调查及实地了解病害发生整个过程中的田间管理措施,特别是激素使用次数和用量等,查阅相关气象资料,比较不同单位、不同年度间相关措施和烂果程度间的差异,从而找出引起烂果病大发生的主要原因.[结果]2008年石河子地区葡萄烂果病发生最严重的品种是无核紫,激素使用次数过多和过量导致裂果,是诱发烂果病发生的主要原因,8月上旬的久旱遇雨对该病发生也有明显促进作用.[结论]引起2008年石河子地区葡萄大量烂果主要与品种、激素使用过量和气候有关.     

石河子地区鲜食葡萄烂果病病原鉴定

[目的]明确石河子地区鲜食葡萄果实烂果病的主要病原.[方法]通过田间调查及对具有典型烂果症状的病样进行分离纯化和培养,对病原进行常规形态学和分子生物学鉴定.[结果]通过鉴定查明引起石河子地区葡萄烂果的病原菌主要有三种:灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea .Pers),黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)和黑根霉(Rhizopus nigricans).[结论]石河子葡萄烂果的主要病原有3种,其诱因主要与8月上旬久旱遇雨和膨大剂用量较多有关.     

生物表面活性剂产生菌株BYS6的分离筛选与鉴定

采用延长油田水处理站水样和土样,血平板分离筛选到5株具有开发价值的生物表面活性剂产生菌。其中1株表面活性剂产生菌株BYS6,摇瓶发酵后发酵液糖脂含量为4.73 g/L。发酵液排油效果显著,排油直径>6 cm,其产生的表面活性剂可将发酵培养基表面张力从69.9 mN/m降低至32.3 mN/m。对菌株BYS6进行16S rDNA序列分析及系统发育学分析,鉴定为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.),GenBank登录号为HM132103。通过TLC层析初步鉴定菌株BYS6的代谢产物为糖脂类生物表面活性剂。     

密度、基肥、追肥对菊芋产量的影响

为了探索出内蒙古盐碱地种植菊芋最适宜的密度及施肥量,通过三因素随机区组试验,研究了密度、基肥、追肥对菊芋产量的影响。经方差分析表明:单因素间的产量差异和多因素互作间的产量差异都达到极显著水平,产量互作的大小次序为:密度>追肥>密度×基肥×追肥>基肥×追肥>密度×追肥>基肥>密度×基肥。互作效应结果分析表明,产量构成因素产量最高组合是:密度27 795株/hm~2、基肥600 kg/hm~2、追肥300 kg/hm~2的互作最好,其单产为61 377 kg/hm~2,该试验研究为今后菊芋生产搭配组合提供科学依据。     

集成生物防治和秸秆还田技术对设施番茄增产及土传病害防控效果研究

本研究在设施条件下,评估了综合使用秸秆还田和生防菌技术对设施番茄连作土传病害的防治效果及增产作用。研究表明：1）秸秆还田技术有利于温室内C02积累,比常规温室C02的含量普遍高200-400μL．L-1,同时能够提高地温0．5℃;2）分别单独使用2个生防菌、单独使用秸秆还田技术和2项技术集成使用的5个处理中,生防菌PTS394＋秸秆综合处理效果最好,株高和茎粗分别比常规增加达到35．9％和20．9％,理论产量达9302．7kg·667m^-2;3）土传病害防效调查显示,生防菌PTS394＋秸秆和B1619＋秸秆2个综合处理防效最好,分别为68．0％和66．2％。基于理论产量、市场番茄价格及投入成本情况,最终计算得出综合应用生防菌PTS394和秸秆还田技术处理的理论亩纯收益最高,为23071元,番茄效益增收达41．7％。本研究为生防菌和秸秆还田技术在田间的综合使用提供了理论基础。     

平邑甜茶根系 NO 和活性氧对钠与氯离子胁迫的反应

 以平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis）实生苗为试材,在水培条件下研究了氯化钠（NaCl）、钠离 子（Na+）和氯离子（Cl-）对根系一氧化氮（NO）和活性氧（ROS）生成速率以及膜脂过氧化的影响。 结果表明：在相同浓度等渗透势NaCl、Na⁺和Cl^-盐溶液处理下,平邑甜茶根系NO 和超氧阴离子 产生速率以及丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量均升高,升高数值由大到小均为NaCl>Cl^- >Na⁺ 处理,并且NaCl 处理下的所测各指标的数值均小于Na+和Cl-单独处理下两者的加和,显示在NaCl 胁迫 诱导平邑甜茶根系积累ROS 和NO 进而引起氧化伤害的过程中,Cl^-的作用大于Na⁺,NaCl 引起的胁迫效 应并不是Na⁺和Cl^-胁迫效应的简单叠加。     

Establishment of insulinoma animal models and observation of tumor characteristics

AIM：To establish the animal model of insulinoma and to analyze the properties of insulinoma for further study. METHODS：The hormone-releasing ability of rat insulinoma cell line INS-1 was detected in vitro. INS-1 cells were transplanted into the left kidney capsule of nude mice. The islets of the animals were destroyed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) 3 d before transplantation or 2 weeks after transplantation. The venous blood was sampled, and the level of blood glucose less than 2.8 mmol/L was defined as successful establishment of insulinoma model. Different irritants were given to the model animals, and the changes of blood glucose and insulin content in serum were observed. The pancreatic tissues and the renal tissues in the injecting sites were taken from all mice for detecting insulin and glucagon by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS：Insulinoma cells expressed insulin and glucagon at the same time. The blood glucose was less than 2.8 mmol/L 3 to 4 weeks after inoculation of INS-1 cells. Apparent tumor formed in the left kidneys where INS-1 cells were transplanted and the tumor diameters were more than 1 cm. The level of blood glucose transiently increased to higher than the normal level in the mice with tumor cell transplantation after intraperitoneal injection of STZ, and then decreased gradually and returned to less than 2.8 mmol/L after 2 weeks. The level of blood glucose in the normal nude mice after administration of STZ increased significantly. After transplantation of INS-1 cells, the level of blood glucose decreased gradually, and returned to less than 2.8 mmol/L after 4 weeks. After stimulated with high glucose, the blood glucose levels in the mice with 3 methods to establish the insulinoma models showed lower glucose peaks than that in the normal control mice. After stimulated with high glucose plus arginine or acetylcholine in the normal animals, the blood glucose peak was lower than that in the normal animals only stimulated with high glucose, and rapidly recovered to the normal level. However, the levels of blood glucose in the mice with 3 methods to establish the insulinoma models under the same stimulations were significantly higher than that in the mice only stimulated with high glucose. After stimulated with high glucose plus norepinephrine, the blood glucose peak time in the normal animals delayed, and the blood glucose level declined slowly. After stimulated with high glucose plus norepinephrine, the levels of blood glucose in the mice with 3 methods to establish the insulinoma models increased as compared with that in the mice only stimulated with high glucose. Compared with normal control group, serum insulin in insulinoma mice increased significantly. CONCLUSION：The insulinoma animal model is successfully established by transplantation of INS-1 cells into the renal capsule of nude mice. The insulinoma cells express both insulin and glucagon, and are not easily damaged by STZ.     

桂北柑橘产区斜纹夜蛾对毒死蜱的抗性检测

研究斜纹夜蛾对有机磷杀虫剂毒死蜱抗性大小结果表明,检测的桂北两地果园靶标昆虫对毒死蜱的抗性并没有有效的形成,与室内培育的敏感体系基本一致;在室内通过5代汰选之后抗性水平由1.2806上升到4.1063。     

栗蚕幼虫酯酶同工酶酶谱多态性及应用于品种间亲缘关系的分析

栗蚕是珍稀的野蚕资源。采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,测定栗蚕幼虫不同发育时期、不同组织器官的酯酶同工酶酶谱,并依据酯酶同工酶酶谱的多态性分析纯黑、纯绿2个品种的亲缘关系。检测结果表明:栗蚕幼虫中肠的酯酶同工酶活性和酶带数随龄期而增加,且同一龄期以盛食期的酶表达量最高;幼虫中肠及脂肪体中的酯酶同工酶活性较强,并且酶带数较多;2个供试品种间的酯酶同工酶酶谱明显不同。根据酶谱差异分析2个品种的遗传相似系数为0.86,表现出较近的亲缘关系。研究结果提示:栗蚕幼虫酯酶同工酶的酶活性和酶带数与生长发育和组织功能有关,幼虫酯酶同工酶酶谱可以作为分析品种间亲缘关系的依据之一。     

甘肃省乳房炎奶牛乳源肠球菌的分离、药敏试验及毒力基因原核表达载体的构建

为分离临床型奶牛乳房炎中的肠球菌,检测其耐药性和携带毒力基因的情况,本试验采集了甘肃省东、中和西部3个地区41头临床型乳房炎奶牛的奶样93份,并构建了肠球菌毒力基因的原核表达载体。试验使用选择性培养基分离纯化肠球菌,16S rRNA和生化试验结合的方法鉴定所分离菌株的种;选取16种抗菌药进行药敏试验;常规PCR方法检测11种毒力基因的携带情况,最后对具有免疫原性的毒力基因进行原核表达载体的构建。鉴定结果显示,93份乳样中18株为肠球菌,并分为9种。药敏结果显示,分离株多数为多重耐药菌（multiple resistant bacteria,MDR）,占88.89%,未发现耐万古霉素菌株（vancomycin-resistant enterococcus,VRE）,万古霉素敏感率94.12%,所有分离株至少对一种抗菌药耐药。PCR检测结果表明,11种毒力基因均有检出,cob基因检出率最高（44.44%）,efaA、hyl、ccf和esp基因检出率分别为33.33%、27.78%、27.78%和22.22%,Asa1、cylA、EF3314和gelE基因检出率均为16.67%,Ace和cylM基因检出最低（11.11%）;毒力基因组合因菌种不同而存在差异,选择具有免疫原性的Ace和gelE基因成功构建出原核表达载体pET32a-Ace和pET32a-gelE。本试验为后续绘制3个地区奶牛乳房炎流行病学区域谱以及制备相应抗体和亚单位疫苗提供了基础数据及生物材料。