掠夺性使用的制度环境对农民工城市适应的影响

农民工的城市适应问题被学者们广泛关注。现实中农民工处于一种掠夺性使用的制度环境中,使得农民工不能适应城市社会,为此要加强对农民工的培训和培养。     

番茄灰霉病分子诊断方法研究

为提供番茄灰霉病的早期诊断技术,应用其病原菌灰葡萄孢种特异片段P729分子标志,建立了PCR检测方法,并进行了实验室和大田现场标本的评价。结果显示番茄灰霉病的分子诊断方法在实验室具有特异、稳定和可靠的特点。比较6种抽提基因组DNA的方法,方法B效果理想。应用建立的分子诊断方法可从0.2μg灰葡萄孢菌丝中获得阳性扩增,具有相当高的灵敏性;大田样本的检测结果说明该方法可用于番茄灰霉病的早期诊断。     

东江1号大麦的选育与高产栽培技术

东江1号是如东县农业技术推广中心与如东中江种业有限公司合作,通过杂交选育的大麦新品种,杂交组合为如东5号92615.     

Detection of arboviruses in Culicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected from animal farms in the border areas of Yunnan Province,China

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides(order Diptera, family Ceratopogonidae) are potential biological vectors for the transmission of certain arboviruses among humans, livestock, and wild animals. This study collected a total of 405 Culicoides individuals from seven animal farms located in five counties in the border areas of Yunnan Province, China, and examined the Culicoides species composition and the major arboviruses carried by the Culicoides species. The collected Culicoides were classified into seven species with variable abundances: Culicoides arakawae(5.43%, 22/405), Culicoides homotomus(1.23%, 5/405), Culicoides obsoletus(19.75%, 80/405), Culicoides orientalis(17.28%, 70/405), Culicoides oxystoma(29.38%, 119/405), Culicoides peregrinus(5.68%, 23/405), and Culicoides nipponensis(21.23%, 86/405). Among the seven species, C. oxystoma and C. nipponensis were distributed in all the five counties with abundances of 13.33–44.87% and 10.00–46.83%, respectively, suggesting that these were the dominant species of Culicoides widespread on animal farms in the border areas. PCR was used to detect major arboviruses in the collected Culicoides specimens, including bluetongue virus(BTV), Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, African swine fever virus, and African horse sickness virus. Among the tested viruses, only BTV serotype 1 was tested positive in C. oxystoma specimens collected from a buffalo farm. Culicoides oxystoma was the dominant species on animal farms in the sampled areas, but it has not previously been documented as positive for BTV in China. The current results thus suggest that C. oxystoma could be an important vector for BTV transmission in these border areas, which, however, needs to be confirmed by further comprehensive experiments. Overall, the present study provides the first profile of Culicoides species on animal farms in the China, Vietnam, and Myanmar border areas, establishes the prevalence of arboviruses carried by these Culicoides species, and suggests the vector potential of C. oxystoma species for the transmission of BTV.     

青海云杉容器育苗技术

介绍了青海云杉容器育苗从容器选择、基质配制、种子处理及播种苗抚育管理的技术要点,并与苗床育苗作了对比,表明容器育苗在提高苗木品质,缩短育苗周期方面表现良好。     

黄河岸边盐碱地罗氏沼虾养殖技术

黄河岸边低洼易涝盐碱地面积大,水体pH值较高。介绍了盐碱地养殖罗氏沼虾技术。单养罗氏沼虾产量可达4500 kg/hm2,收入75000元/hm2;鱼虾混养,虾产量可达3300 kg/hm2,收入52500元/hm2。黄河两岸低洼盐碱地养殖罗氏沼虾,对增加低洼易涝盐碱地养殖新品种、扩大养殖面积、增加农渔民的收入有较好的推动作用。     

四种禾草补播"黑土型"退化草地效果的初步观测

在玉树藏族自治州囊谦县东坝乡“黑土型”退化草地上补种了披碱草(ElymusnutansGriseb)、老芒麦(E.sibiricusL)、草地早熟禾(PoapratensisL)和中华羊茅(Festucasinensiskeng)四种牧草,补种当年均处于营养生长,不能完成生育期,第二年平均每公顷产干草6839kg~9407kg,适应性强,越冬性良好,是改良“黑土型”退化草地的优良牧草。     

天峻县北部地区畜牧业发展思考

天峻县北部地区因受气候干旱、鼠虫危害等因素的影响,畜牧业生产逐年下降,通过对存在问题的分析,提出了北部地区今后走退牧还草或休牧育草路子的设想。     

旱作条件下不同施肥类型和覆膜材料对冀西北马铃薯光合效应、产量和品质的影响

为探究适应冀西北地区旱作马铃薯高产高质的栽培技术,本试验以马铃薯品种京张薯3号为试验材料,研究了在旱作雨养条件下,不同覆膜材料和增施有机肥对旱作马铃薯植株形态、光合效应、产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明：与对照相比,覆膜和增施有机肥处理FOB和FOS可以提高马铃薯出苗率,缩短出苗天数,增加植株株高和茎粗。FOS、FOB和FOW处理在马铃薯块茎形成期、块茎膨大期、淀粉积累期三个时期,显著提高了马铃薯净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率。从产量和产量构成因素看,FOS和FOB处理单株结薯数比对照分别增加37.9%和25.2%,单株结薯重提高38.1%和33.7%,折合667 m²产量比对照提高31.29%和27.82%。FOS处理马铃薯淀粉含量比对照显著提高21.8%。综合各项指标,对于冀西北坝上地区,增施有机肥+渗水降解地膜是有效的旱作栽培措施。     

PRRSV国内流行毒株的分离鉴定及结构基因的分析

从国内发病猪场采集的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）病料中,分离到8株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）。病毒分离培养表明,JS1-JS5第1代即可适应Marc-145细胞。GD1-GD3经Marc-145细胞3次-4次传代后出现明显的细胞病变。间接免疫荧光试验表明,8个分离毒株与抗PRRSV抗体均可出现特异性的胞浆荧光。它们对氯仿、甲醛、酸和碱均敏感。5-溴-2′-脱氧尿核苷对其无抑制作用。参照GenBank中已发表的PRRSV的序列设计了两对特异性引物,分别对所分离毒株进行部分nsp2基因和结构基因的扩增。发现JS1-JS5nsp2基因发生了部分缺失。选择JS1、JS5、GD3进行nsp2基因和结构基因的扩增和测序。序列分析结果表明,JS1、JS5和2006年以后国内分离到的高致病性PRRSV高度同源。GD3的Nsp2基因虽然没有发生第534位-第562位氨基酸的缺失,但与2006年以后分离的毒株一样,发生了第482位氨基酸的缺失。通过对3个分离毒株与其他国内分离毒株的结构基因序列进行系统进化分析发现,我国的PRRSV流行毒株可大致划分为两个亚型,JS1、JS5、GD3、CH-1a、JXA1、HUN4、SHH等属于一个亚型,BJ-4、CC-1属于另一个亚型。亚型间核苷酸序列同源性为91.2%-91.8%。