蔬菜对重金属元素的吸收和积累研究进展

就蔬菜对有毒重金属元素的吸收和积累、土壤因子对蔬菜重金属污染的影响等方面的最新研究进展进行了综述,同时对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

黄檗主要病虫害及无公害防治技术

综述了黄檗的主要病虫害种类、为害特点和生物学特性,并提出了无公害防治措施,可为进一步做好黄檗病虫害防治工作,保护现有黄檗资源及其可持续研究和利用提供参考.     

梨矮化中间砧S2 、S5 和PDR54的离体培养研究

 以梨矮化中间砧S2、S5和PDR54试管苗为试材, 探讨了培养基和植物生长调节剂对梨矮化中间砧试管苗增殖和生根的效应。其结果表明: MS培养基较QL、AS和WPM培养基更有利于中间砧茎的增殖, 2～3 mg·L ^{- 1} 6-BA、0.1～0.2 mg·L ^{- 1} IBA和1～2 mg·L ^{- 1} GA₃组合能有效促进S2、S5和PDR54试管苗的增殖, 其增殖倍数达3.71～5.83。综合各品种增殖倍数、茎高度以及茎质量等指标表明, MS + 3.0 mg·L ^-1 6-BA + 0.2 mg·L^-1 IBA + 2.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃是S2的最佳增殖培养基; MS + 2.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA + 0.1 mg·L^-1 IBA + 1.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃是S5和PDR54增殖的最佳培养基。同时, S2、S5和PDR54增殖的试管苗在不同的生根条件下分别获得了67%、50%和86%的生根率。     

香菇新菌株宁香8号选育初报

采用多孢分离技术产生多个新组合，经驯化筛选获得香菇新菌株宁香8号。宁香8号菌丝生长适温10－25℃，子实体生长适温10－23℃，菌丝生长期58－60d，室内栽培生物学效率达81．60％，室外栽培生物学效率达92．85％，宁香8号不仅适于阔叶木屑栽培，亦适公杉木屑袋栽。     

利用Pi-1基因邻近SSR标记鉴定稻瘟病抗性

Pi-1是具有广谱抗性的水稻显性主效抗稻瘟病基因,位于水稻11号染色体末端。本研究选择靠近此处的SSR标记15对,用含有Pi-1基因的Lac23与不含Pi-1基因恢复力强的N优69-1进行检测。检测出有差异条带5对引物,分别为RM224、RM254、RM2136、RM6094和RM6293。另外,以N优69-1为母本,以LAC23为父本进行杂交至F8代群体,利用上述差异分子标记,在F8趋亲单株中选择与Lac23标记一致的单株,与田间稻瘟病鉴定结果相比较。结果显示,RM6293对含有Pi-1基因材料的选育有较大的准确度,其次为RM254RM224RM2136RM6094。本实验与其它研究不同的是采用了F8代群体,认为多次自交重组后的遗传稳定株系才可能得到稳定的标记。     

农业废弃物替代生态护坡基质中泥炭的效果研究

针对护坡基材中泥炭价格高而导致护坡工程造价高的问题,本研究在盆栽条件下,用秸秆、牛粪、食用菌渣、污泥等农业废弃物代替泥炭,研究各种基质对草生长及其养分变化的影响。结果表明,几种农业废弃物的养分含量均能满足植物生长需求,对草种发芽有一定促进作用,植物生长2个月后混合基质处理和污泥处理长势最好,平均株高大于8cm,覆盖率95%以上,对照处理覆盖率低于30%。用污泥、秸秆、牛粪、菌渣等废弃材料的各处理养分含量最后稳定在较高水平,可作为优质价廉的护坡基质材料。     

对建立品种改良基金的探讨

我国是农业大国,种子市场潜力巨大,而种子产业还比较落后,如何缩短与国际先进水平的差距,是需要深入研究的问题.在种子商品化的进程中,人们逐渐认识到,品种是占领种子市场份额大小的先决条件.它是种子企业竞争制胜的武器,也是利润的源泉."品种就是企业的生命"已成为世界各国种子企业的奉行的信条.入世后,我国的种子市场不仅存在着本国企业间的竞争,更面临着国外企业的进入,如何提高竞争力,归根到底还要靠品种.认清形势,拓宽思路,不拘泥于外国的模式,走自己的路,创建品种改良基金,将有助于育种业的快速发展,增强我国种业的竞争力.     

Allelic variation of the HMW glutenin subunits in Aegilops tauschii accessions detected by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-PAGE), acid polyacrylamide gel (A-PAGE) and capillary electrophoresis

Variability of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) was studied in198 accessions of Ae. Tauschii (2n=2x=14, DD) by sodium dodecyl sulphate(SDS-PAGE) and acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). A high allelic variation of HMW-GS, including some novel x- and y-type subunits and variable subunit combinations were observed. One accession(TD159) showed a x-type null form. The results by A-PAGE analysis revealed that the subunits Dx5 ^t and Dy10 ^t encoded by Glu-D ^t 1 locus in Ae. tauschii were different in relative mobilities in comparison with the subunits Dx5 and Dy10 found in bread wheats, whereas they had the same mobilities, respectively, when separated by SDS-PAGE. The higher resolution of Ae. tauschii HMW-GS separated by CE method showed two clear peaks in accordance with x- and y-type subunits, respectively,except the accession TD151 which possessed only subunit Dy12.1^*t. The electro elution time of the x-type and y-type subunits were about 13–14 and 7–8minutes, respectively. Characterization of wheat HMW-GS was facilitated by using CE which provides high resolution and increases the speed of analysis in conjunction with the traditional gel electrophoretic methods. A total of 42HMW-GS alleles were identified, among which were several alleles not presently detected in bread wheats. Hence Ae. tauschii is potentially a valuable genetic resource for quality improvement of bread wheat. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Virtual Studio System Technology

Virtual studio system (VSS), a new technology based on virtual reality, develops fast in recent years. Virtual studio concept replaces real background sets with computer generated 3D synthetic and combines real foreground action, with computer generated backgrounds. As VSS need not construct real background sets and has little limitness of time and space, it is regarded as a revolution in TV programs. This paper mainly discusses about the background, technology feature, application and future.