大学生信息素养培育研究

信息素养是面向信息社会的每一个成员所必须具备的一种基本素养。当代大学生在信息素养方面存在着诸多缺憾,高校要肩负起为国家培育高信息素养人才的历史重任,按照信息素养培育的内在逻辑,制定出培育大学生信息素养的措施。     

基于无线传感器网络的奶牛行为特征监测系统设计

奶牛等大型动物的疾病和发情状况目前主要依赖饲养员目测判断,大规模集约化养殖仍采用人工观测方法,这不仅带来繁重的人力负担,也容易误判。为了能自动准确地识别奶牛是否发情或生病,该文提出在奶牛颈部安装无线传感器节点,通过各种传感器获取奶牛的体温、呼吸频率和运动加速度等参数,采用K-均值聚类算法对提取的各种参数进行行为特征多级分类识别,以此建立的动物行为监测系统能准确区分奶牛静止、慢走、爬跨等行为特征,从而可以长时间监测奶牛的健康状态。而且,这种监测系统易于推广到对其他动物的监测,对促进养殖业和畜牧业的发展也具有指导意义。     

黑曲霉固体发酵产木聚糖酶的响应面优化设计及其酶学性质的研究

本研究采用响应面法的中心组合对影响黑曲霉(aspergillus niger JL 15)固体发酵产木聚糖酶的条件进行了优化.以橘皮粉为基质,补充碳源、氮源,以及含水量和发酵时间对木聚糖酶产量具有显著影响(P<0.05).模拟二次多项式回归预测模型,并建立自变量与响应值的回归方程,获得各因素的最佳水平,即:甘油、硫酸铵的添加量分别为4.2%和3.1%,含水量为61%,发酵时间为73.4 h,木聚糖酶活性最大预测值达922.9 U/g干发酵产物,验证值为917.7 U/g干发酵产物,高出基础培养基酶活3.2倍.酶学性质分析研究表明,黑曲霉木聚糖酶(XylA)的最适温度和最适pH分别为55oC和pH 5.0.XylA的K_m和V_(max)值分别为9.24 mg/mL和54.05 μmol/min/mL.Mn~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和斗和Mg~(2+)对XylA活性具有促进作用,而Fe~(3+)和cu~(2+)对XylA活性具有明显抑制作用.HPLC分析结果表明,XylA的水解桦木木聚糖和麸皮不溶性木聚糖的产物均为木糖至木六糖,主要产物为木三糖.     

Competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay for sialoglycoprotein of edible bird's nest in food and cosmetics

The proliferation of fake and inferior edible bird's nest (EBN) products has recently become an increasingly serious concern. To identify and classify EBN products, a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was developed to quantitate sialoglycoprotein in EBN used in food and cosmetic applications. The characteristic sialoglycoprotein in EBN was found, extracted, purified, and analyzed. Sialoglycoprotein, considered the main carrier of sialic acid in EBN, consisted of 106 and 128 kDa proteins. A monoclonal antibody that could recognize both proteins was prepared. The heat-treated process did not change the affinity of sialoglycoprotein with the antibody. An optimized ELISA method was established with a cross-reactivity of less than 0.1% and an IC(50) of 3.3 μg/mL. On the basis of different food and cosmetic samples, the limits of detection (LOD) were 10-18 μg/g. Recoveries of fortified samples at levels of 20 and 80 μg/g ranged from 81.5 to 96.5%, respectively. The coefficients of variation were less than 8.0%.     

家蚕3-羟酰辅酶A脱氢酶基因全长cDNA克隆及其在质型多角体病毒感染家蚕的差异表达

家蚕质型多角体病毒（Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,BmCPV）是家蚕的重要病毒病原之一,往往给养蚕业生产造成极大危害。我们以前的研究运用基因芯片技术在感染质型多角体病毒的家蚕中肠中鉴定出一个差异表达的3-羟酰辅酶A脱氢酶蛋白基因（Bombyx mori3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehyrogenase protein gene-Bm3HAD）。本研究利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术（RACE）克隆了该基因,其全长cDNA序列为1168bp,包含一个83bp5＇端非翻译区序列（5＇-UTR）、一个930bp的开放阅读框（ORF）和一个155bp的3＇端非翻译区序列（3＇-UTR）;基因结构分析发现该基因由5个外显子和4个内含子组成。RT-PCR结果显示该基因在家蚕中肠、脂肪体、血液、丝腺及生殖体中均有表达。荧光定量PCR结果表明该基因在BmCPV感染初期为上调表达,随着病毒感染的进展,该基因的表达水平逐渐降低,并转变为下调表达。研究结果为进一步研究BmCPV对家蚕致病的分子机制提供了有益的信息。     

Impact of land-use types on soil nitrogen net mineralization in the sandstorm and water source area of Beijing,China

Changes of land-use type (LUT) can affect soil nutrient pools and cycling processes that relate long-term sustainability of ecosystem, and can also affect atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and global warming through soil respiration. We conducted a comparative study to determine NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ concentrations in soil profiles (0–200 cm) and examined the net nitrogen (N) mineralization and net nitrification in soil surface (0–20 cm) of adjacent naturally regenerated secondary forests (NSF), man-made forests (MMF), grasslands and cropland soils from the windy arid and semi-arid Hebei plateau, the sandstorm and water source area of Beijing, China. Cropland and grassland soils showed significantly higher inorganic N concentrations than forest soils. NO₃⁻-N accounted for 50–90% of inorganic N in cropland and grassland soils, while NH₄⁺-N was the main form of inorganic N in NSF and MMF soils. Average net N-mineralization rates (mg kg⁻¹ d⁻¹) were much higher in native ecosystems (1.51 for NSF soils and 1.24 for grassland soils) than in human disturbed LUT (0.15 for cropland soils and 0.85 for MMF soils). Net ammonification was low in all the LUT while net nitrification was the major process of net N mineralization. For more insight in urea transformation, the increase in NH₄⁺ and, NO₃⁻ concentrations as well as C mineralization after urea addition was analyzed on whole soils. Urea application stimulated the net soil C mineralization and urea transformation pattern was consistent with net soil N mineralization, except that the rate was slightly slower. Land-use conversion from NSF to MMF, or from grassland to cropland decreased soil net N mineralization, but increased net nitrification after 40 years or 70 years, respectively. The observed higher rates of net nitrification suggested that land-use conversions in the Hebei plateau might lead to N losses in the form of nitrate.     

基于多源空间数据的"三生"空间异质性评价与分区划定

为优化"三生"空间评价方法体系,探索海南岛"三生"空间聚集性与协调度特征并制定有效的空间分区方案,该研究从空间异质性角度出发,采用多源空间数据从栅格尺度上对同地类不同地块的"三生"空间功能进行评价,再通过空间自相关及三角坐标图分析乡镇尺度上"三生"空间的聚集性与协调度特征,并为国土空间优化提供相关分区方案。结果表明:1)海南岛生产空间高分值区域集中分布在沿海市县,呈"四周高、中间低,北部高、南部低"的分布特征,且城镇生产空间与农业生产空间有所差异;生活空间高分值区域多集中在各市县城镇范围内,整体呈"小集聚、大分散"的空间格局;生态空间高分值区域集中在中部地区,呈"中间高、四周低,南部高、北部低"的分布格局。2)乡镇尺度上海南岛生产、生活、生态空间功能值的Moran’sI指数分别为0.569,0.221和0.716,表现出空间自相关性特征,据此面向全岛提出基于空间聚集性的"三生"空间分区方案。3)海南岛各乡镇"三生"空间存在较大的协调度差异,高值区以生态主导和"三生"协调型为主,分别占乡镇总数的51.72%与43.97%;低值区则以生态主导型为主,占乡镇总数的72.41%,据此面向全岛提出基于空间协调度的"三生"空间分区方案。该研究有效识别了同地类不同地块"三生"空间的异质性,并从空间聚集性与协调度视角提出"三生"空间分区管制方案,能够为当前国土空间优化提供参考。     

复方免疫增强剂中三种多糖的分离纯化初步研究

采用超声辅助提取法提取复方免疫增强剂中的多糖,以Sevag法除蛋白后分级醇沉得粗多糖PS1、PS2和PS3。粗多糖PS1、PS2和PS3上离子交换柱层析分离纯化,以0-2.0MnaC l溶液进行梯度洗脱得PS1A、PS2A和PS3A多糖组分,再经过Sephadex G-200凝胶柱层析分离得到三个主要多糖组分PS1A-Ⅰ、PS2A-Ⅱ和PS3A-Ⅲ。利用凝胶层析、纸层析及紫外分光光度法进行纯度鉴定,结果表明PS1A-Ⅰ、PS2A-Ⅱ和PS3A-Ⅲ为均一多糖。     

城市空气质量评价中的模糊支持向量机方法

传统的评价方法不能处理带有模糊信息的城市空气质量的评价问题。基于结构风险最小化原则建立了带有模糊信息的支持向量分类模型和算法,在此基础上提出基于模糊支持向量机的城市空气质量评价方法;根据空气中的总悬浮颗粒物、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、空气综合污染指数4个指标,对我国50个主要城市2003年空气质量进行了综合评价,选择10个城市的评价结果进行了测试,结果表明:根据2003年数据采用本方法得到的邢台、张家口和沧州的空气污染指数与河北省环保专家提供的数据误差小于0.1;西宁、银川、乌鲁木齐、汕头、南京、大连、武汉的综合空气污染指数与国家环保总局提供的数据误差均小于0.5。     

不同寄主尖孢镰刀菌培养滤液对黄瓜胚根萌发的影响

对不同寄主尖孢镰刀菌培养滤液对黄瓜胚根萌发进行了测定,结果表明,番茄(179,F-F.1.5-031017,番茄,福州福清)上分离的尖孢镰刀菌的发酵液处理的黄瓜种子的胚根重量最低,平均重量为85.00mg/10粒,黄瓜(120,F-H.6.5-030318-J4,黄瓜,漳州诏安)上分离的尖孢镰刀菌发酵液处理的黄瓜种子的胚根重量最高,平均为183.33mg/10粒。不同寄主发酵滤液对黄瓜胚根重量的影响大致可以分为3类:第一类为甜瓜(128,F-T.1.7-030514-03,甜瓜,福州永泰)、番茄(179,F-F.1.5-031017,福州福清)和班兜(107,F-B.1.1-030221,福州建新),第二类为西瓜(134,F-X.1.7-030320-03,西瓜,福州永泰)和网纹甜瓜(144,F-T2.1.1-030616-01,网纹甜瓜,福州义序),第三类为黄瓜(120,F-H.6.5-030318-J4,黄瓜,漳州诏安)。