采用PCR-SSCP技术分析蚯蚓粪便的微生物群落结构

通过SDS/蛋白酶的方法抽提蚯蚓粪便微生物总DNA,以总DNA为模板,采用通用引物分别成功扩增细菌16S rRNA基因的V4-V5可变区,真菌18S rRNA基因的V8-V9可变区,应用单链构象多态性技术（SSCP）分析了蚯蚓粪便中不同空间层次的微生物种群的多样性。结果表明,在粪便的不同空间层次上呈现出明显的空间分布多样性,并且与纯蚯蚓粪微生物种群的多样性有很大的差别。为进一步的蚯蚓粪生态学功能研究提供了有益的指导。     

Low levels of haptoglobin and putative amino acid sequence in Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs

Porcine haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein. Its plasma level increases significantly during inflammation and infection. One of the main functions of Hp is to bind free hemoglobin (Hb) and inhibit its oxidative activity. In the present report, we studied the Hp phenotype of Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs (TLY minipigs; n=43) and found their Hp structure to be a homodimer (beta-alpha-alpha-beta) similar to human Hp 1-1. Interestingly, Western blot and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis showed that 25% of the TLY minipigs possessed low or no plasma Hp level (<0.05 mg/ml). The Hp cDNA of these TLY minipigs was then cloned, and the translated amino acid sequence was analyzed. No sequences were found to be deficient; they showed a 99.7% identity with domestic pigs (NP_999165). The mean overall Hp level of the TLY minipigs (0.21 +/- 0.25 mg/ml; n=43) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was markedly lower than that of domestic pigs (0.78 +/- 0.45 mg/ml; p<0.001), while 25% of the TLY minipigs had an Hp level that was extremely low (<0.05 mg/ml). In addition, the initial recovery rate (first 40 min) in the circulation of infused fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Hb was significantly higher in the TLY minipigs with extremely low Hp levels than those with high levels. This data suggests that the low concentration of Hp-Hb complex is responsible for the higher recovery rate of Hb in the circulation. TLY minipigs have been used as an experimental model for cardiovascular diseases; whether they can be used as a model for inflammatory diseases, with Hp as a marker, remains a topic of interest. However, since the Hp level varies significantly among individual TLY minipigs, it is necessary to prescreen the Hp levels of the animals to minimize variation in the experimental baseline. The present study may provide a reference value for future use of the TLY minipig as an animal model for inflammation-associated diseases.     

草原生态保护红线划定的基本思路与政策建议

草原保护事关我国生态及经济协调、可持续发展大局。划定草原生态保护红线是构筑我国生态安全屏障的基础,是加强我国民族团结和边疆稳定的前提,是确保我国畜牧业产业安全的保证,是实现牧区可持续发展的重要保障。草原生态保护红线与耕地保护红线一样,具有不可撼动的国家战略意义和重大历史意义。本文在分析我国草原保护现状及存在问题的基础上,提出了草原生态保护红线的内涵和意义,阐述了划定生态红线的基本思路,给出了实现草原可持续发展、划定草原生态保护红线的具体政策建议。     

阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿需水规律与灌溉定额

为了给阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)灌溉提供科学依据,利用1984-2013年30年气象数据,采用联合国粮农组织推荐的彭曼-蒙特斯公式法,研究了阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿需水规律和灌溉定额。结果表明,阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿第1茬、第2茬、第3茬、第4茬、生长季、非生长季和全年需水量分别为221、187、169、179、755、70和825mm,需水强度分别为4.3、4.7、4.1、2.5、3.7、0.4和2.3 mm·d~(-1),灌溉需水量分别为194、118、66、131、508、56和564mm,灌溉定额分别为228、139、78、154、598、66和664 mm。     

The 2009 pandemic (H1N1) viruses isolated from pigs show enhanced pathogenicity in mice

Since the emergence of the 2009 pandemic (H1N1) virus (2009/H1N1) in April 2009, cases of transmission from humans to pigs have been reported frequently. In our previous studies, four 2009/H1N1 variants were isolated from pigs. To better understand the phenotypic differences of the pig isolates compared with the human isolate, in this study mice were inoculated intranasally with different 2009/H1N1 viruses, and monitored for morbidity, mortality, and viral replication, cytokine production and pathological changes in the lungs. The results show that all isolates show effective replication in lungs, but varying in their ability to cause morbidity. In particular, the strains of A/swine/Nanchang/3/2010 (H1N1) and A/swine/Nanchang/F9/2010 (H1N1) show the greatest virulence with a persisting replication in lungs and high lethality for mice, compared with the human isolate A/Liaoning /14/2009 (H1N1), which shows low virulence in mice. Furthermore, the lethal strains could induce more severe lung pathological changes and higher production of cytokines than that of other strains at an early stage. Amino acid sequence analysis illustrates prominent differences in viral surface glycoproteins and polymerase subunits between pig isolates and human strains that might correlate with their phenotypic differences. These studies demonstrate that the 2009/H1N1 pig isolates exhibit heterogeneous infectivity and pathogencity in mice, and some strains possess an enhanced pathogenicity compared with the human isolate.     

Effects of different rearing and feeding methods on meat quality and antioxidative properties in Chinese Yellow male broilers

1. This study examined responses of male broilers during a 42-d production cycle to two different rearing and feeding methods. 2. A total of 400 Chinese Yellow male broilers were allotted randomly at 21 d into two groups; the control was a typical indoor commercial rearing method and the treatment had outdoor access with scattered feeding (OS). Each group had 5 replicates with 40 birds per replicate. 3. Growth performance was similar for both groups from 21 to 63 d of age. OS birds had significantly lower abdominal fat percentage, meat shear force, drip loss, breast meat colour b* value and significantly higher pH value compared with the controls. OS birds had significantly lower muscle fibre diameter and greater muscle fibre density. Serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were significantly higher and the contents of cholesterol, lactic acid, glycogen and malondialdehyde of breast muscle were significantly lower in OS birds than controls. 4. The results suggest that the OS feeding method had no negative effects on performance (weight, gain, feed conversion rate, carcase traits) compared with controls, and appeared to be beneficial for meat quality indices and oxidative stability.     

家蚕有滞育多化性品种滞育卵复式冷藏继代法的研究

利用上年中秋制种的滞育卵经复式冷藏处理,到当年夏蚕期饲养,夏制种再经中秋蚕期饲养,进行了有滞育多化性品种的省力保种试验.夏蚕期其生命力较对照组低1.2%~1.9%,生种率上升16.0%,差异达显著程度.中秋蚕期生命力高1.0%,生种率低0.9%,完全恢复正常.重复试验,结果一致.有滞育多化性品种用滞育卵复式冷藏处理一年二次省力保种是可行的.     

关于强化我国动物防疫体系的几点思考与建议

建立健全动物防疫体系既是有效防控非洲猪瘟等重大动物疫病的迫切需要,也是促进畜牧业持续健康发展、维护人民群众身体健康和动物产品质量安全的必然要求。但目前,我国动物防疫体系面临工作力量不足、基层队伍不稳、运行机制不畅、保障水平不够等问题,难以适应控制和消灭重大动物疫病、保障生猪等重要畜禽产品稳产保供的新形势新要求。建议从突出强化基层动物防疫体系、建立健全兽医卫生社会化服务体系、加快动物防疫智能化转型等三个方面发力,积极构建适合中国国情的新型动物防疫体系,切实维护畜牧业生产安全和公共卫生安全。     

饲养方式对蛋鸡产蛋前期生产性能的影响

试验通过对比舍外散放蛋鸡与舍内笼养蛋鸡在体重、胫长和胫围等方面的差异来研究饲养方式对鸡产蛋前期生产性能的影响.结果表明:散放鸡体重在8、10、12周龄显著低于同周龄笼养鸡;散放鸡胫长在10、12周龄显著低于同周龄笼养鸡;散放鸡胫围在10周龄显著低于同周龄笼养鸡.笼养鸡和散放鸡各周龄的胫长和胫围变异系数均小于10%,均匀...