Rice <Emphasis Type="Italic">terpene synthase 18</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">OsTPS18</Emphasis>) encodes a sesquiterpene synthase that produces an antibacterial (<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>)-nerolidol against a bacterial pathogen of rice

Plant volatile compounds, including terpenes, are known to be involved in the rice defense system. In the present analysis of a terpene synthase, OsTPS18, in rice, we found that OsTPS18 was localized in the cytoplasm and synthesized the sesquiterpenes (E)-nerolidol and (E)-β-farnesene. The amounts of (E)-nerolidol and (E)-β-farnesene increased after jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. (E)-Nerolidol had significant antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). These results suggest that (E)-nerolidol plays an important role in JA-induced resistance against Xoo and that it functions as an antibacterial compound in rice.     

山西菜田捕食性食蚜蝇优势种及其对菜蚜的控制效果

对山西菜田捕食性食蚜蝇优势种及对菜蚜的控制效果进行了研究，菜田常见捕食性食蚜蝇有黑带食蚜蝇，大灰食蚜蝇，斜斑鼓额食蚜蝇，野食蚜蝇，四条小食蚜蝇，短翅细腹食蚜蝇6种，以黑带食蚜蝇种群数量最大，平均占全年发生总量的36.3%，通过对食蚜蝇产卵量，卵化率，幼虫期捕食量和羽化率测试，筛选出的黑带食蚜蝇，大灰食蚜蝇，斜斑鼓额食蚜蝇幼虫对菜蚜均有较强的捕食能力，其中黑带食蚜蝇为山西菜田菜蚜捕食性食蚜蝇优势种，用黑带食蚜蝇三龄幼虫对菜蚜进行防治试验，结果以1：180防效最佳，72h后控制效果达93.5%。     

基于GIS的陕西省酿酒葡萄气候区划

利用陕西省96个县（区、市）气象站及周边省份临近气象站近30 a（1981—2010年）气象观测资料,辅以经订正后的各县气象哨和水文站观测数据,在对国内外葡萄区划指标分析基础上,确定以≥10℃活动积温为一级指标,酿酒葡萄成熟期8—9月水热系数为二级指标,冬季埋土防寒线、9月降水为辅助指标作为陕西省酿酒葡萄气候区划指标。基于GIS技术,利用小网格推算模型对区划指标空间化后,采用主从叠代方法,制作陕西省酿酒葡萄气候区划图。结果表明,陕西省酿酒葡萄种植可分为4个气候区和12个气候亚区,自兴平以东的关中东部海拔900 m以下地区是陕西省种植酿酒葡萄的最优区;对各区酿酒葡萄生产的气候因子进行了评价,提出了相应的生产建议。     

Numerical analysis of injection molding for the Syringe Barrel with optimum design and processing condition

The numerical analysis was performed to predict the potential problem, often occurring during the manufacturing process of the disposable medical device of a great volume. The cavity filling analyses were performed for the new design of the 3cc Syringe Barrel using polypropylene(PP1), and a new nucleated polypropylene(PP2) material for better clarity. These analyses have been performed for different processing conditions as well as various wall thickness designs for both materials. With the nucleated material, only the original wall thickness design has been studied at two different processing conditions for comparison purpose. This study was conducted to investigate the optimum part design and processing condition for two different materials. The most desirable design was selected with Design 3 for material utilization and reduced flow stresses by comparing the field results. The new nucleated polypropylene provided slightly better product quality and processing.     

Susceptibility of eight Algerian olive cultivars to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bactrocera oleae</Emphasis> infestation – a pomological and nutritional quality perspective

The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is the major olive pest in the Mediterranean Basin, being responsible for high losses in olive production. The objective of this work was to study the influence of B. oleae infestation on the pomological parameters and nutritive value (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and ash) of eight olive cultivars (Abani, Aellah, Blanquette de Guelma, Chemlal, Ferkani, Limli, Rougette de Mitidja and Souidi) from Algeria. The results displayed different degrees of susceptibility of the studied cultivars to this pest. Fruit size (weight) and the Fruit weight / stone weight ratio are significantly correlated with the attack. The statistical treatment of the results (PCA and HAC) highlighted different behaviors from the cultivars, concerning the attack. There are some cultivars more susceptible, being the nutritional value also affected. The lipid and protein contents were positively correlated with the attack and the carbohydrates negatively, suggesting a careful choice by the B. oleae. Ovipositional preference of olive fruit fly females and the success of larval development in different olive cultivars are crucial to establishing new approaches in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) against this pest.     

Differences in bark beetle (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ips typographus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pityogenes chalcographus)</Emphasis> abundance in a strict spruce reserve and the surrounding spruce forests of Serbia

Frequent windthrow in the strict reserves of spruce in the Kopaonik National Park provides much material favorable for the development of Ips typographus (L.) and Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Therefore it was assumed that the abundance of these bark beetles in the reserves was high and that they dispersed to the surrounding spruce forests. To verify this opinion, their population levels were monitored in the strict reserve Jankove Bare and the adjoining spruce forests over the period 2006–2008. I. typographus parasitoids were identified and the parasitism percent was determined in spruce forests around the reserves. Throughout the monitoring period, the abundance of I. typographus and P. chalcographus was found to be lower in the reserve than in the surrounding spruce forests. Five species of I. typographus parasitoids and a low parasitization percent were identified in spruce forests surrounding the reserve.     

波尔山羊、南江黄羊与綦江本地山羊的杂交试验

利用波尔山羊、南江黄羊与綦江本地山羊进行了杂交对比试验.结果表明,杂交一代具有与双亲相似的外貌特征,表现出肉用体型,杂种优势明显,尤以波杂羊更为明显.南杂一代各阶段体重明显的高于本地羊(P<0.05),波杂一代各阶段体重极显著地高于本地羊(P<0.01),其中6月龄南杂一代公羊体重18.74 kg,比本地羊提高31.97%,日增重提高32.93%;6月龄波杂一代公羊体重30.04 kg,比本地羊提高111.5%,日增重提高116.8%.屠宰测定表明,杂一代羊产肉性能均高于本地羊,其中波杂一代羊屠宰率49.5%,比本地羊高3.37个百分点,净肉率35.65%,比本地羊高5.55个百分点.     

冷应激蛋鸡呼吸频率、心电与血清酶活性的变化及其相互关系

采用冷束缚应激的方法建立冷应激动物模型,测定冷应激前后蛋鸡的呼吸频率、心电及5种血清酶的各项参数值.结果表明:随着冷应激时间的延长,蛋鸡心率和呼吸频率先上升后下降,冷应激3、5 h与冷应激0 h相比差异显著(P<0.05).丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT/GPT)活性在冷应激后明显下降(P<0.05);γ-谷氨酸氨基转移酶(γ-GT)活性先上升后下降,冷应激1、2、3、5 h时与冷应激0 h相比差异显著(P<0.05);肌酸激酶(CK)活性呈上升趋势变化,冷应激0.5、1、2、3 h时与冷应激0 h相比差异显著(P<0.05),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH-L)活性呈上升趋势,各时间点与冷应激0 h相比无显著性差异(P>0.05);天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST/GOT)先下降后上升,各时间点与冷应激0 h相比差异不显著(P>0.05).心率与呼吸频率、γ-GT、ALT呈强正相关;呼吸频率与γ-GT、ALT呈中等强度正相关,与AST呈中等强度负相关:γ-GT与ALT呈中等强度正相关,其余各指标之间呈弱相关.上述结果说明,冷应激对海兰褐蛋鸡呼吸频率、心率及血清酶活性有较大改变,并且所测定的各指标之间存在不同程度的相关关系.     

2018年山东省猪伪狂犬病野毒抗体流行病学调查

为了解2018年山东省猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)感染情况,对山东省99家猪场共2 240份血清样品进行了PRV gE-ELISA抗体检测。结果:猪场PRV gE抗体阳性率为82.83%(82/99),样本血清gE抗体阳性率为61.74%(1383/2240),而且春季样品阳性率最高,冬季较低。哺乳母猪血清阳性率最高,可达96.00%,其次是种公猪和后备母猪,表明该地区PRV野毒感染率依然较高,制定科学合理免疫程序并加强该病综合防控十分必要。     

广东畜牧业产业化经营利益生成和分配机制的问题与对策

提出畜牧业产业化经营的发展是畜牧业产业化经营产业链各成员之间利益生成和分配的合作与博弈过程，产业链是否稳定决定于利益分配是否合理，产业链各成员是否实现了个体利益分配的最优化，从而实现产业链效益的最大化。指出广东畜牧业产业化经营的健康发展离不开产业链利益生成和分配机制的不断优化，离不开市场的导向作用、法律制度的完善和政府的宏观调控作用。