ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The effect of dietary methionine levels on endogenous nitrogen and endogenous amino acids flows in growing goats

The effect of dietary methionine (Met) levels on endogenous N and amino acids (AA) flows at different part of the digestive tract of growing goats was determined using a ¹⁵N isotope dilution technique. Three goats (25 ± 2.5 kg) were fitted with the ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae and allocated to three dietary treatments in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The dietary treatments consisted of a total mixed ration containing three levels of Met (0.15%, 0.25% and 0.35%) respectively. It was found that at 0.15% Met level, the lowest flow in endogenous N and total AA at the duodenum and ileum occurred. The endogenous N secretion contributed to 26% and 23% of the duodenal and ileal total N flows, respectively, and the proportions were not affected by the dietary Met levels. The duodenal and ileal flows of endogenous total AA were 11.1, 11.8, 11.3 g/d and 2.9, 3.9, 4.1 g/d respectively. The average real digestibility of N was 65%, 87% and 95% in the forestomach, intestine and whole digestive tract respectively.     

无芒隐子草地上部分功能性状对长期放牧的变异性响应

植物个体受放牧干扰影响,通过自身权衡不同功能性状,对不同放牧强度干扰做出差异性适应。为研究长期放牧条件下,植物个体各性状对不同放牧梯度的差异性响应,本研究以荒漠草原优势种无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)为研究对象,分析其个体功能性状对放牧的响应变化、地上生物量与各功能性状间的关系,以及各功能性状对个体地上生物量的影响权重。结果表明:随放牧强度增加,叶片各性状指标、个体生物量、植株高度、冠(丛)幅均有明显变小、变矮的趋势;除茎基部直径和平均叶长外,无芒隐子草个体地上生物量、茎重、叶重与植株茎、叶各表型性状均呈正相关关系,植物个体地上生物量组分具有较大的变异性,变异性较小的表型性状指标与地上生物量组分的相关性系数相对偏低;影响无芒隐子草地上生物量的表型性状中,总叶面积、叶片数和平均叶长的VIP(variable importance projection)值大于1,其对植物个体地上生物量的贡献率达到61.01%。放牧导致无芒隐子草各功能性状出现显著性差异,但并未改变其作为优势种的地位。     

河北省衡水市生猪定点屠宰监管效能初步调查

为了解河北省衡水市生猪定点屠宰监管实情,通过设定监管组织基础、监管制度建立、生猪定点屠宰场(点)监管3个一级指标和21个二级指标,构建了监管效能评价模型;选取5个有代表性的市县区进行问卷评分调查,分析各地区的生猪定点屠宰监管情况。调查认为,衡水市生猪定点屠宰场(点)具体监管工作比较到位,能够保障屠宰产品的卫生和质量安全以及公共卫生安全;衡水市的屠宰监管制度基本建立,动物卫生监督执法工作有据可依、有章可循,但需要加强安全生产追溯机制和风险应急管理机制的建立,提高监管人员的安全责任意识和应急管理水平;衡水市的监管基础较为薄弱,需要引进社会技术力量,夯实监管基础。     

Advances in the Research and Application of Artificial Insemination to Equids in China: 1935–2012

China was one of the first countries to use artificial insemination (AI) in equids, and it achieved international recognition for its widespread application of AI to commercial horse breeding. This article reviews the history of equine AI in China. The technique originated from the high demand for horses to be used in agriculture, transportation, and the military. Artificial insemination was identified as an ideal tool for Chinese horse breeding to improve the productivity of native horses, especially during 1950-1970. Presently, AI is still practiced commonly in China, and it includes the use of fresh semen and transported cooled semen. The use of frozen semen has also been resumed to broaden the range of elite Sporthorse stallions and to preserve threatened or endangered native breeds. Accurate prediction of the optimum time for insemination depended mainly on transrectal palpation of the mare's ovaries. In addition to controlled methods of insemination, factors like volume and number of spermatozoa in the inseminate and timing and frequency of insemination were optimized to accomplish high fertility rates in the field. Production of hinnies and mules for agricultural labor and donkeys for meat and hide gelatin stimulated a nationwide upsurge of research into the reproductive physiology of and AI technology in donkeys. In the future, there will be further increases in the use of traditional and modern AI techniques in the breeding of Chinese equids.     

猪瘟免疫接种抗体效价检测试验

1前言猪瘟只有一个血清型,免疫注射是防止猪瘟的重要手段。我国猪瘟兔化弱毒苗自1956年研制成功以来,在全国各地广泛应用,证明安全有效。免疫疫苗24小时后,即可抵抗自然感染,第3天产生可靠的免疫力;在疫区对体温及体况正常的猪用此苗紧急接种,能迅速终止疫情发展。断奶仔猪接种疫苗后产生的免疫期至少1年。幼年仔猪的免疫期视其由初乳获得的母源抗体而异,有的达1年,有的不及1个月。仔猪获得的母源抗体,一般可维持30～45d,对主动免疫力的产生有干扰作用。如免疫过早,因母源抗体水平高,产生的免疫力差,免疫期很短,因而有接种后不久发生猪瘟的…     

鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模和干玉米秸混合青贮料喂牛试验

８头４～５岁的役用秦川母牛按配对原则分为对照组和试验组。两组牛的精料配方基本相同，但试验组牛饲粮用７．７５％的鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１杂交酸模粉（以下简称鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１）代替对照组中同等重量的小麦麸；对照组牛的粗料全部用干玉米秸，试验组半用６０％干玉米秸和４０％的玉米秸＋鲁梅克斯叶混合青贮料。正试期２０ｄ。结果表明：试验组牛的平均日增重为 ０．７８７ｋｇ，对照组０．６９０ｋｇ，试验组较对照组牛日增重提高了 １４．０６％；每增重 １ｋｇ活重试验组牛消耗精、粗料分别为２．５４ｋｇ、５．２５ｋｇ，对照组半分别为２．９０ｋｇ、５．５０ｋｇ，试验组较对照组个节约精料０．３６ｋｇ、粗料０．２５ｋｇ；试验组每头牛毛盈利为７３．３４元，对照组５９．４０元，前者比后者提高经济效益２３．４７％。说明在役用母牛饲粮中，用鲁梅克斯粉代替精料中的小麦麸并用玉米秸＋鲁梅克斯混合青贮料能获得良好的生产性能和经济效益。     

某规模羊场布鲁氏菌病的净化实践

某规模羊场的羊布鲁氏菌病（Brucellosis,以下简称布病）阳性率高达25.16%,为了公共卫生安全和提高生产水平,自2012年4月起,采用检测+扑杀的方法,每月对该场羊群检测1次,隔离饲养可疑感染羊,淘汰阳性羊,至2013年4月,每月仍有阳性羊被检出。自2013年5月起,对该场群采用免疫+检测+扑杀的方法,至2014年后的检测中,均没有出现阳性羊,净化了本病,说明对于感染率较高的羊群,采用疫苗免疫是必要的。本文将净化的经验教训加以总结,期望为该病的净化提供参考资料。     

棕榈油在水产饲料中的应用

文章针对棕榈油的主要成分、生化特性以及其经济性进行了综述,并重点介绍了棕榈油作为鱼油替代油脂在几种养殖鱼类中的应用情况。与大豆油、油菜籽油等相比,棕榈油价低,产量稳定,有较高的脂肪生产力,较低的不良脂肪酸沉积。其在鲑鳟等冷水性鱼中,以不同的比例替代鱼油或与其他植物油混合替代鱼油取得了较好的效果,增加了饲料的抗氧化性。研究表明,在饲料中用棕榈油部分替换鱼油对大西洋鲑、虹鳟、欧洲鲈等的生长、体化学组成及肌肉的脂肪酸比例等没有显著影响。     

IOHEXOL AND IOPAMIDOL MYELOGRAPHY IN THE DOG: A CLINICAL TRIAL COMPARING ADVERSE EFFECTS AND MYELOGRAPHIC QUALITY

In a blind clinical trial, adverse effects after iohexol and iopamidol myelography were evaluated in 151 dogs. Eighty-one dogs were given iohexol (240 mgI/ml) and 70 dogs were given iopamidol (200 mgI/ml) by pre-determined assignment. Each dog was evaluated postmyelographically for seizures, hyperthermia, prolonged recovery from anesthesia and intensification of pre-existing neural signs. Myelographic quality was evaluated with a subjective scoring method. In comparing iohexol and iopamidol groups, there was not a statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects or in myelographic quality. Iopamidol and iohexol appeared to be equally efficacious for routine canine myelography.     

生殖细胞在转基因鸡研究中的应用

转基因研究已证明鸡是一个很好的试验材料.转基因鸡的研究,极有助于动物生物工程、生物反应器工程和实验模型的发展.虽然它的几个生理特性对有效地进行转基因带来了一定的障碍,但是转基因鸡遗传和生理特性上的各种优势是无可比拟的.目前已从胚胎中获取原始生殖细胞(PGCs)或从成熟公鸡中得到睾丸细胞,建立了胚胎介导转基因系统和睾丸介导转基因系统,这些方法比较有效且有微小的技术改进.本文回顾了以前用原始生殖细胞和睾丸细胞进行转基因鸡的研究,并总结了鸡模型在生物医学和生物工程学上的发展以及在这个领域的成果.