Soil colloids-bound plasmid DNA: Effect on transformation of E. coli and resistance to DNase I degradation

The adsorption and binding of plasmid p34S DNA on four different colloidal fractions from a Brown soil and clay minerals in the presence of various Ca²⁺ concentrations, the ability of bound DNA to transform competent cells of CaCl₂-treated Escherichia coli, and the resistance of bound DNA to degradation by DNase I were studied. DNA adsorption on soil colloids and clay minerals was promoted in the presence of Ca²⁺. Kaolinite exhibited the highest adsorption affinity for DNA among the examined soil colloids and clay minerals. In comparison with organo-mineral complexes (organic clays) and fine clays (<0.2 μm), DNA was tightly adsorbed by H₂O₂-treated clays (inorganic clays) and coarse clays (0.2-2 μm). The transformation efficiency of bound DNA increased with increasing concentrations of Ca²⁺ at which soil colloid or clay mineral-DNA complexes were formed. DNA bound by kaolinite showed the lowest transformation efficiency, and especially no transformants were observed with kaolinite-DNA complex prepared at 5-100 mM Ca²⁺. Compared to organic clays and fine clays, DNA bound on inorganic clays and coarse clays showed a lower capacity to transform E. coli at different Ca²⁺ concentrations. The presence of soil colloids and minerals provided protection to DNA against degradation by DNase I. Montmorillonite, organic clays and fine clays showed stronger protective effects for DNA than inorganic clays and coarse clays. The protection mechanisms as well as the differences in transforming efficiency of plasmid DNA molecules bound on various soil colloidal particles are discussed. The information obtained in this study is of fundamental significance for the understanding of the horizontal dissemination of recombinant DNA and the fate of extracellular DNA in soil environments.     

Nutrient uptake requirements with increasing grain yield for rice in China

Improved estimates of nutrient requirements for rice（Oryza sativa L.）in China are essential to optimize fertilization regulation for increasing grain yields and reducing the potential of environmental negative influences,especially under high-yielding intensive systems.A database involving rice grain yields,nutrient concentrations and accumulations collected from on-field station experiments in the literatures published from 2000 to 2013 in China was developed to understand the relationships between grain yields and plant nutrient uptakes,and to quantify nutrient requirements for different yield levels.Considering all data sets,rice grain yield ranged from 1.4 to 15.2t ha^-1with the mean value of 7.84t ha^-1,and ca.10.4%of yield observations were higher than the yield barrier level of 10 t ha^-1.N requirement to produce one ton grain was 21.10 kg for the yield range<4.0t ha^-1with a high variation of 45.8%.Except of the yield range<4.0t ha^-1,the values of N requirement,firstly increased from 18.78 kg for yield range 4.0-5.5 t ha^-1to 20.62 kg for yield range 7.0-8.5 t ha^-1,then decreased slightly to 19.67 and19.17 kg for the yield range 8.5-10 and>10 t ha^-1,respectively.Phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）requirements showed increasing trends,from 3.51 and 19.87 kg per t grain for<4.0 t ha^-1yield range to 4.10 and 21.70 kg for>10.0t ha^-1range.In conclusion,nutrient requirement varied with increasement of grain yield,and N,P and K presented various response trends,increasing,declining or stagnating,which would be of great benefit for improving fertilizer strategies.     

抗旱新品种沧麦15丰产性、稳产性、适应性分析

为了全面了解小麦新品种沧麦15的生产特性,以2 a的区域生产试验产量结果为依据,通过产量、变异系数、高稳系数和回归系数分别对参试品种丰产性、稳定性和适应性进行比较、分析。结果表明：沧麦15表现为较好的丰产性、稳定性和适应性,通过抗性鉴定沧麦15表现为较好的抗旱性,是一个比较理想的高产冬小麦新品种。     

我国南方部分地区实蝇记述及2种中国新记录

1980～1988年,曾用地中海实蝇、瓜实蝇和桔小实蝇(Trimedlure,Cuelure 和 Methy eugonol)性引诱剂,和野外采果相结合的办法,进行了实蝇的调查,所采集的标本,已鉴定出16种,其名称是;桔小实蝇、芒果实蝇、番石榴实蝇、辣椒实蝇、颜带实蝇、鳄梨实蝇、瓜实蝇、南瓜实蝇、颜黑纹实蝇、具条实蝇、拟具条实蝇、腹眼实蝇、二态实蝇、蜜柑大实蝇、桔大实蝇和黑肩光顶实蝇.内鳄梨实蝇和腹眼实蝇2种为中国新记录.在这次调查中,未发现地中海实蝇(Ceratitiscapitata Wied.)。     

白腐真菌发酵罐液态发酵产漆酶条件的优化

通过在发酵罐中液体发酵产漆酶,在发酵罐中筛选黄孢原毛平革菌液体发酵产漆酶的最佳条件.试验选取已优化的白腐真菌液态发酵培养基进行培养,在发酵罐中进行单因素和多因素正交试验,对其在发酵罐中发酵产酶条件进行优化.选取的白腐真菌黄孢子原毛平革菌的最佳发酵生产条件为:温度28℃、转速300r/min、通气量5L/min(通气比1.0vvm)、pH值5、接种量为15%.在此条件下最高产酶水平可达14.86U/mL.     

阴山北麓农牧交错区2000—2015年土壤流失及保持量变化研究

以阴山北麓农牧交错区为研究区,基于InVEST模型土壤保持模块,定量评价了2000年、2015年区域土壤水力侵蚀量和土壤保持量,分析土地利用方式转变对土壤侵蚀和土壤保持的影响。结果表明：研究区水力侵蚀以微度侵蚀和中度侵蚀为主,2000年和2015年阴山北麓农牧交错区土壤潜在水力侵蚀量分别为9.37×10⁷ t和1.46×10⁸ t,实际土壤水力侵蚀量分别为6.31×10⁷ t和1.01×10⁸ t;从空间分布来看,多伦县、太仆寺旗、察哈尔右翼中旗、武川县潜在土壤水力侵蚀量和实际土壤水力侵蚀量较高;从时间序列来看,2015年潜在土壤水力侵蚀量、实际土壤水力侵蚀量和土壤水力侵蚀模数较2000年都有大幅度增加,2000年和2015年全区土壤保持总量分别为4.33×10⁷ t和6.45×10⁷ t,其中武川县、察哈尔右翼中旗和固阳县的土壤保持量较高。     

干旱胁迫对柳枝稷幼苗生理特征的影响

柳枝稷（Panicum virgatum L 。）是一种优良的纤维素类草本能源植物,被认为是一种理想的可再生替代能源,同时又具有优良的牧草特性及水土保持功能。研究水分胁迫对柳枝稷幼苗生理特性的影响,可为其在干旱地区大面积栽培种植提供依据。研究结果表明,柳枝稷幼苗叶片水分随着停水时间延长逐渐降低,但是叶片含水量下降趋势较为平缓,在试验时段内,柳枝稷叶片具有一定保水能力。干旱胁迫下,柳枝稷幼苗叶片的叶绿素a含量、叶绿素总含量与对照相比均表现为明显减少,干旱对叶绿素a的影响要明显高于叶绿素b;干旱胁迫后期,柳枝稷植株体内游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著升高,丙二醛含量也有明显增加,可见,柳枝稷幼苗能通过增加游离脯氨酸及提高可溶性糖含量来缓解土壤干旱胁迫的伤害,表现出一定的抗干旱特性。     

奶牛腹腔巨噬细胞的分离与鉴定

以无血清的RPMI-1640培养液灌洗奶牛腹腔,分离获取奶牛腹腔巨噬细胞,在含10%小牛血清的RPMI-1640培养液中培养。采用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,并通过瑞氏染色计算其纯度。结果表明,采用无血清的RPMI-1640培养液灌洗奶牛腹腔,能够获得较高纯度的巨噬细胞,能为奶牛胞内寄生菌存活机制的研究提供很好的试验材料。     

离心泵作透平壳体模态分析

离心泵反转作透平是一种回收液体余压能的理想方法,泵壳的模态分析对泵作透平的振动性能至关重要.为了掌握泵作透平下,壳体模态对振动激发噪声辐射规律的影响,验证泵壳有限元模型的准确性,针对离心泵泵壳结构特点设计并搭建了模态试验台,采用捶击法对泵壳进行了试验模态分析,对离心泵壳体进行三维建模与有限元分析,进行试验与数值分析结果的对比.结果表明:壳体各阶模态均为独立模态,且相互正交,可认为试验模态识别精度得到检验,试验模态结果具有较高的可信度.建立的有限元模型能够较好地反映实际结构的动态特性,可用于基于模态求解的振动辐射噪声特性分析.