柿饼贮藏工艺研究

对柿饼在贮藏过程中的防霉变、防褐变方法进行了研究，并试验了将制作半干食品的技术应用于柿饼贮藏工艺中的可行性。结果表明，柿饼的含水量、熏硫量、熏硫时间对柿饼霉变率有显著的影响，按推荐的熏硫工艺熏硫的柿饼贮藏3个月后，SO2的含量低于国家标准允许残留量100　mg／kg，贮藏期比未熏硫的柿饼平均延长4．5个月以上；避光、真空、低温、熏硫贮藏都可有效防止柿饼褐变，其中低温防褐变最为有效；柿饼经新工艺处理后，含水量由21％～27％（湿基计，以下同）提高至32％～37％，水分活度仍保持在0．75左右，传统风味基本保持不变而口感得到很好改善，贮藏期在9个月以上。     

南方水稻区域试验品种对水稻白叶枯病抗性调查

1983-2007年,对南方稻区水稻区域试验品种、组合的白叶枯病抗性进行了研究。结果表明,在1 805个参试品种、组合中,78个表现抗白叶枯病,抗病品种频率为4.3%;其中,常规水稻74个,占抗病品种的94.9%。在1 219个籼型杂交水稻中,抗病的组合3个,中抗的76个,抗病和中抗组合频率分别为0.2%和6.2%。不同类型和不同生态型水稻的抗病品种频率差异显著,晚粳>早籼>中籼>晚籼;常规水稻>杂交水稻。籼型杂交水稻中抗病组合频率为:杂交晚稻>杂交早稻>杂交中稻。1990-2004年,17个抗或中抗白叶枯病的优良水稻新品种、组合通过国家审定。     

Analysis of world strains of Anaplasma marginale using major surface protein 1a repeat sequences

Anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne pathogen of cattle that causes the disease bovine anaplasmosis worldwide. Major surface proteins (MSPs) are involved in host-pathogen and tick-pathogen interactions and have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of A. marginale strains and phylogenetic studies. MSP1a is involved in the adhesion and transmission of A. marginale by ticks and varies among geographic strains in the number and sequence of amino-terminal tandem repeats. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of A. marginale strains collected from countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia, inclusive of all continents. In this study, we characterized 131 strains of A. marginale using 79 MSP1a repeat sequences. These results corroborated the genetic heterogeneity of A. marginale strains in endemic regions worldwide. The phylogenetic analyses of MSP1a repeat sequences did not result in clusters according to the geographic origin of A. marginale strains but provided phylogeographic information. Seventy-eight percent of the MSP1a repeat sequences were present in strains from a single geographic region. Strong (> or =80%) support was found for clusters containing sequences from Italian, Spanish, Chinese, Argentinean and South American strains. The phylogenetic analyses of MSP1a repeat sequences suggested tick-pathogen co-evolution and provided evidence of multiple introductions of A. marginale strains from various geographic locations worldwide. These results contribute to the understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of A. marginale and tick-pathogen interactions.     

滇中地区花椰菜引种观察试验初报

于2006年秋,引进51个花椰菜品种,在昆明市海拔1 920 m的试验地安排花椰菜引种观察试验,试验结果表明,太白、一代神良100天、赛白80、玛瑞亚和白阳5个品种商品性优,产量性状也较理想,抗病性较好,具有良好的推广应用前景,适宜在滇中地区种植,建议参加2007年的品种比较试验.     

单胃动物小肽吸收利用的研究进展

随着人们对蛋白质消化吸收及其代谢规律研究的深入，蛋白质消化吸收理论不断得到完善。早在1865年，Kollinker和Muller就提出蛋白质在肠道的消化最终成为游离氨基酸。现在营养学氨基酸平衡理论，便是以这个假设为基础的。而关于小肽可能被直接吸收的假设，早在100多年前就被提及，但一直因缺乏直接证据而受到忽视。直到Newey和Smyth首先提出了令人信服的小肽可以被完整吸收的论据，小肽的营养和吸收才逐渐被人们所重视。在近几十年的研究中，人们发现蛋白质在动物消化道中消化酶作用下的水解产物大部分为2或3个氨基酸残基的小肽，它们是以完整形式被吸收并进入循环系统而被组织利用的。动物营养学家也发现，动物对饲料中各种氨基酸的利用程度并不完全受单一限制性氨基酸的影响，当动物采食按理想氨基酸模式配制的纯合日粮或低蛋白氨基酸平衡的日粮时，动物并不能获得最佳生产性能，因此，一些学者提出动物要获得最佳生产性能，日粮中必须有一定数量的完整蛋白质和小肽的观点。基于以上2个发现，人们提出了小肽的营养学说。     

栗蚕蛹体液的一些免疫反应

为了探明栗蚕体内免疫机制,研究了栗蚕蛹体液免疫反应的某些特性。栗蚕蛹经细菌、真菌以及生理盐水诱导后,其体液对大肠杆菌(E.coli)、枯草杆菌(B.subtilis)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)及柞蚕链球菌(T.streptoc-occus)均表现出一定的抑菌作用。大肠杆菌诱导6 h后,栗蚕蛹体液中出现抗菌活性物质,诱导后4 d,体液的抗菌活性达到高峰值,11 d后活性消失。SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明,诱导后的栗蚕蛹血淋巴中有新蛋白产生,推测可能与其产生新的抗菌活性有关。     

Shikonin reverses HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer cells HCC827

AIM: To investigate the effect of shikonin on reversing hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer HCC827 cells, and to explore its possible mechanisms.METHODS: The gefitinib-resistant HCC827 cells induced by HGF were treated with shikonin and gefitinibthe alone or in combination. The inhibition rates of cell viability were determined by MTT assay. The invasive ability of HCC827 cells with HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib was determined by Transwell assay. The protein levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and related signaling pathway in the HCC827 cells were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: The results of MTT assay showed that the cell activity of HCC827 cells was significantly inhibited by shikonin in a dose dependent manner. The IC₅₀ of shikonin in HCC827 cells was 3.06 μmol/L. And the IC₅₀ of gefitinib in HCC827 cells was 0.51 μmol/L. Under the condition of combined treatment with shikonin and gefitinib in the presence of HGF (20 μg/L), the IC₅₀ of gefitinib was 7.36 μmol/L, significantly lower than that treated with gefitinib alone (P<0.01), so did the result of the cell migration (P<0.01). HGF induced EMT, while shikonin reversed this effect. The protein expression level of p-AKT was significantly up-regulated by HGF, while markedly down-regulated treatment with shikonin and gefitinib compared with gefitinib alone (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Shikonin reverses HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer HCC827 cells, and the mechanism may be likely related to the preventon of EMT and the inhibition of HGF-induced activation of p-AKT signaling pathway.     

疑核在下丘脑外侧区微量注射IL-6调节机体细胞免疫过程中的作用

为探索外源性ＩＬ－６可否通过反馈作用调节机体的免疫反应,选用３～４月龄、体重１．５～２．５ｋｇ的健康青紫蓝家兔,麻醉后固定于脑立体定位仪上。试验组Ⅰ动物（ｎ＝８）在下丘脑外侧区注射２．５ｐｍｏｌ／ＬＩＬ－６２μＬ;试验组Ⅱ动物（ｎ＝５）在疑核处注入２％盐酸利多卡因０．５μＬ后,再在下丘脑外侧区注射２．５ｐｍｏｌ／ＬＩＬ－６２μＬ;对照组动物（ｎ＝４）在下丘脑外侧区注射人工脑脊液２μＬ。分别在注射前及注射后不同时间无菌采血作细胞免疫指标测定。结果：试验组Ⅰ动物的Ｔ细胞百分率和ＰＨＡ诱导的淋巴细胞转化率,在注射ＩＬ－６后６０ｍｉｎ显著升高;试验组Ⅱ动物的Ｔ细胞百分率和ＰＨＡ诱导的淋巴细胞转化率,在注射ＩＬ－６后１２０ｍｉｎ出现显著升高;对照组动物在注射前后无明显变化;由此证明,下丘脑外侧区一定量的ＩＬ－６具有增强机体细胞免疫功能的作用,而这种细胞免疫的调节作用至少有一部分是通过疑核到达免疫系统的。疑核是下丘脑外侧区ＩＬ－６调节机体细胞免疫的通路之一。     

湖北五峰后河国家级自然保护区果子狸秋冬季栖息地选择

2006年6月～2007年3月,在湖北五峰后河国家级自然保护区内,应用选择系数、选择指数、判别分析,对果子狸在秋冬季节栖息地的选择和利用进行了初步研究。研究结果表明,秋季与冬季果子狸对栖息地的选择有差异性。秋季在低海拔地区有较多林木果实、藤本果实成熟,不需要消耗太多能量即可满足自身需要。冬季气温下降,果子狸较喜欢选择海拔较高的阳坡活动,以获取更多热量。     

不同浓度CO2对牛卵母细胞体外成熟和受精的影响

对牛卵巢卵泡内卵母细胞在不同浓度的CO2培养箱内体外成熟、体外受精后的卵裂率及胚胎体外发育进行了研究。结果显示,含5%小牛血清(CS)的TCM-199内的卵母细胞在2%CO2条件下培养20h后,达到第二次减数分裂期(MⅡ期)的卵子数明显高于在5%CO2条件下培养的卵母细胞数(P<0.05)。两种浓度的CO2条件下培养的牛卵母细胞体外受精后的卵裂率无明显差异,2%CO2浓度下培养的卵母细胞的囊胚发育率高于5%CO2浓度下培养的卵母细胞。