单效降膜式蒸发器在液态奶生产中的设计注意事项

液态奶生产中的单效降膜式蒸发器浓缩比比较小,蒸发温度不得过高,浓缩后的奶液浓度要求严格、不得有较大的波动,因此其蒸发参数要求必须稳定,无论是自动控制还是手动控制其进料质量分数、进汽压力必须稳定,这样才能获得良好的使用效果。     

沼液浸种对黑麦草种子发芽的影响

为了研究沼液浸种对黑麦草种子发芽的影响,设置4个浓度沼液分别浸泡黑麦草种子,分析种子各项发芽指标的变化。结果表明:各处理均能正常发芽,黑麦草种子的发芽率和发芽势等4项发芽指标均随着浸种沼液浓度的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,以75%沼液浓度浸种效果最优,但沼液浸种对发芽率和发芽势的影响要高于苗高和根长。综合分析认为利用沼液浸泡黑麦草种子是提高其生产性能的有力措施,适宜在生产中推广利用。     

鸽载脂蛋白B基因多态性与生长性状相关性分析

利用PCR-SSCP技术和DNA测序方法检测两群体鸽apoB基因编码区序列的单核苷酸多态性,最小二乘分析表明,A57G突变位点导致的3种基因型对石岐肉鸽屠体率及灰色肉鸽屠体重、腹脂率、肝脏重有显著影响(P<0.05);对灰色肉鸽活重、腹脂重、肝脏率及石岐肉鸽活重和全净膛率有一定影响(P<0.2).多重比较显示,石岐肉鸽群体中,BB基因型个体的屠体率高于从基因型个体.灰色肉鸽群体中,BB基因型个体的屠体重、肝脏重、腹脂率均为最大.     

目前鸡传染性法氏囊病的流行特点及防制对策

一 流行特点、 1 发病日龄明显变宽。第一次免疫之后和第二次免疫之前仍然是发病最集中的时期,但近年来传染性法氏囊病发病日龄有增宽的趋势,最早有3日龄发病的报道,最长可延长到200日龄的产蛋鸡,而且高日龄鸡群患传染性法氏囊病有形成区域性爆发的报道。     

不同制粒温度对植酸酶活性的影响及畜禽饲养对比试验研究

试验将含有制粒专用植酸酶制剂的日粮样本在4种温度条件下进行制粒．制粒后的饲料应用植酸酶国标法进行酶活测定,结果表明：制粒专用植酸酶在调制温度70℃左右、蒸汽压力不高的情况下酶活基本未丧失,性能比较理想：当制粒温度达到80℃以上时,酶活明显降低,但总体保持在500U／kg以上．制粒用植酸酶仍具有较好的耐热性能。经过动物饲养试验表明．肉鸡和育肥猪饲养对照组和处理组之间的平均日增重和料肉比差异都不显著（p〉0．01）,这说明在添加制粒专用植酸酶后．对磷酸氢钙的量进行调整并不会影响肉鸡和育肥猪的生长性能．且同样能达到普通植酸酶在粉状饲料中的应用效果。     

猪小肠黏膜下层作为板层角膜移植材料的实验研究

小肠黏膜下组织（small intestinal submucosa，SIS）是一种新型的具有生物降解性及胶原组织结构的细胞外基质框架，通常取自猪的空肠，SIS中的胶原蛋白、蛋白多糖及糖蛋白构成的细胞外基质框架无抗原性，植入体内仅引起轻微的排斥反应，可以在体内存活，同时为受体自身细胞的生长提供框架。由于SIS具有无免疫原性、抗微生物活性、促进组织再生等特性，因此得到了广泛研究。     

Mapping B-cell linear epitopes of NS3 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. NS3 is one of the immunodominance regions of the BVDV viral proteins. To identify the potential B-cell linear antigenic epitopes within BVDV NS3 region, serial overlapping truncations covering the whole region were expressed and purified, and screened by multistep of Western-blot. We found (₁VCKKITEHERCHVNI₁₅), (₂₀AFFGVMPRGTTPRAPVR₃₆), (₄₆RRGLETGWAYTHQGGI₆₁), (₂₈₁EGDMATGITYASYGYFC₂₉₇), (₄₂₆YSGEDPANLRVVTSQSPYVVVATNAIESGV₄₅₅) and (₄₈₁FIVTGLKRMAVTVGEQA₄₉₇) can be recognized by the BVDV infected bovine serum. These proteins have been confirmed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). The results of this study might open new perspectives on the structure and antibody–antigen reaction of the non-structural proteins and may aid in the clinical application as well.     

德菲尔法构建重大动物疫病预警指标体系

[目的 ]构建重大动物疫病暴发流行预警指标体系。[方法 ]以禽流感和口蹄疫为例,采用文献调研法和德菲尔专家咨询法中的专家会议法初拟重大动物疫病预警体系的框架和指标;应用德菲尔专家咨询法评价预警指标的重要性、可操作性;应用组合权重法比较各指标综合影响的大小,并将指标分类。[结果 ]筛选出禽流感和口蹄疫预警预报一级指标6项(易感动物、饲养管理和免疫情况等)以及二级指标14项(免疫效果、环境消毒、温度等),并将指标分为三类(关键指标、重要指标和一般指标)。[结论 ]初步构建了重大动物疫病暴发流行预警指标体系。     

貂,貉,犬病毒性肠炎快速诊断试剂的研究

用金黄葡萄球菌Ａ蛋白（ＳＰＡ）协同凝集方法（ＣｏＡ）对貂、貉、犬病毒性肠炎快速诊断的试剂进行了制备，确定了制备。艺及该制剂的标准操作程序。本制剂特异性强，不与健康动物的组织及其他几种病毒病（犬瘟热、犬传染性肝炎、狂犬病等）发生交叉凝集反应，灵敏度高，通过该制剂ＣｏＡ法与ＨＡ－ＨＩ法比较结果比现行的貂、貉、犬病毒性肠炎ＨＡ－ＨＩ诊断方法检出率高出３０％，同时具有微量、操作简便、易掌握、快速等特点，可在３～５ｍｉｎ获得诊断结果。     

Nitric oxide production by macrophages stimulated with Coccidia sporozoites, lipopolysaccharide, or interferon-gamma, and its dynamic changes in SC and TK strains of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of innate and acquired immunities. In the studies reported here, we quantified NO produced in vitro by chicken leukocytes and macrophages and in vivo during the course of experimental infection with Eimeria, the causative agent of avian coccidiosis, and identified macrophages as the primary source of inducible NO. Eimeria tenella-infected chickens produced higher levels of NO compared with noninfected controls. In Eimeria-infected animals, SC chickens produced greater amounts of NO compared with infected TK chickens, particularly in the intestinal cecum, the region of the intestine infected by E. tenella. Macrophages that were isolated from normal spleen were a major source of NO induced by interferon (IFN)-gamma, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and E. tenella sporozoites. Macrophage cell line MQ-NCSU produced high levels of NO in response to Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhi LPS, whereas the HD-11 macrophage cell line was more responsive to IFN-gamma. These findings are discussed in the context of the genetic differences in SC and TK chickens that may contribute to their divergent disease phenotypes.