水葫芦沼液对青菜生长及AsA-GSH循环影响的动态研究

以青菜为材料,研究了在青菜整个生长周期内,不同比例水葫芦沼液对青菜生长的影响及其体内AsA-GSH循环影响的动态变化。结果表明,使用不同比例沼液代替化肥对青菜的株高及生物量产生不同的影响,其中,以25%沼液替代化肥的处理效果最好,在不同的采样时期,其株高和生物量均显著大于对照,当沼液使用比例大于50%时,株高和生物量均随着沼液使用比例的增加而降低;处理后总量Vc、还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)和脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)的变化趋势不同,25%沼液替代化肥处理45和60 d时,总量Vc与对照相比显著增加;AsA虽然有所增加(除了30 d时),但与对照差异不显著;DHA含量均显著大于对照。当沼液使用比例大于50%时,总量Vc、AsA和DHA与对照相比均显著降低;在AsA循环中的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(AAO)和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性变化趋势相似,均随着处理时间增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中以25%沼液替代化肥处理30 d酶活性最高,而单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)活性则随着处理时间的增加而增加,以25%沼液替代化肥的处理效果最好;在还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)循环中的氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)和GSH含量随着处理时间的增加而增加,以25%沼液替代化肥的处理效果最好,与对照相比差异显著,而谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性随着处理时间增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中以25%沼液替代化肥处理45 d酶活性最高。说明用适量的水葫芦沼液替代化肥对青菜进行处理,有助于植株的生长,同时增加了体内AsA-GSH代谢循环,提高了青菜的抗氧化防御能力。     

论成文法在农村的困境与出路

农村的成文法数量不断增加,立法质量有所提高,内容上覆盖农村组织法、农村土地法、农村环境保护法、农业科技法等多个种类,形成了以《农业法》为中心,初具规模的农业法律体系。但是由于受到中国传统法律文化、法律移植中存在的弊端,社会转型过程中出现的偏差以及硬件建设和配套制度的滞后与缺失等因素的影响,导致当前农民法律意识落后,对成文法内容的不了解和对其功能的漠视,成为成文法在农村面临的困境。为了摆脱农村成文法的困境,需要对传统法律文化进行扬弃,促进法律与农民的对接,促进工业与农业、城市与农村的协调发展,完善法律硬件建设和配套制度,加快农村法制建设。     

Analysis on electrically controlled tunable dual-band metamaterials absorber

In order to realize the absorption frequency controlling of metamaterials absorber intelligently,a dual-band metamaterials absorber is designed in this paper firstly,and then the electrorheological fluid is loaded in the dual-band metamaterials absorber,and the absorption frequency of dual-band metamaterials absorber is tunable by changing the electric field strength applied on electrorheological fluid. The results show that the designed metamaterials absorber has two absorption peaks at 7.403 GHz and 17.511 GHz,and the absorption rate is 99.8% and 70% respectively. With the increase of electric field strength,the absorption frequency gradually moves towards lower frequency,and the absorption frequency regulation rate is up to 55%. Therefore,we propose the concept of dual-band intelligent metamaterials absorber.     

利用EPG技术分析西花蓟马在4种寄主植物上的取食行为

采用直流刺吸电位仪EPG(direct current electrical penetration graph, EPG)技术分析西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis雌雄虫在4种寄主植物上的取食行为,探讨西花蓟马雌雄虫取食行为差异及与寄主适合性的相关性。结果表明: (1)西花蓟马在辣椒上的非取食刺探次数显著少于其他寄主植物。雌虫在辣椒、番茄、曼陀罗和矮牵牛上的非取食刺探分别为2311,3289,3610和3044次,雄虫在辣椒、番茄、曼陀罗和矮牵牛上的非取食刺探分别为1527,2772,2214和1968次。西花蓟马在矮牵牛上的短取食刺探显著高于番茄,雌虫在番茄和矮牵牛上的短取食分别为688和1444次,雄虫在番茄和矮牵牛上的短取食分别为159和809次。西花蓟马在矮牵牛上的长取食刺探次数少于在其他寄主植物。(2)雌虫比雄虫产生更多的非取食刺探和短取食刺探,雄虫的长取食刺探显著高于雌虫。在矮牵牛上,雌虫的非取食刺探次数和非取食刺探总时间为雄虫的15倍。在番茄上,雌虫的短取食次数和短取食总时间分别为雄虫的4倍和2倍;雄虫的长取食次数和长取食总时间分别为雌虫的2倍和7倍。由此可见,西花蓟马的取食行为与寄主适宜性之间无显著的相关性。     

花生抗黄曲霉大果种质的创制与鉴定

培育和种植抗黄曲霉品种是防控花生黄曲霉毒素污染最为经济有效的途径,而黄曲霉抗性与高产的矛盾一直是花生抗黄曲霉育种的障碍.本研究以抗黄曲霉花生种质J11与高产品种中花16为亲本构建的重组自交系群体(Recombined inbreed lines,RILs)为材料,进行黄曲霉侵染和产毒抗性鉴定,探讨抗性与高产(大果)性状...     

佛手果低聚糖超声波辅助水浸提工艺研究

利用超声波辅助水提取技术,以腌制佛手果为原料,考察提取时间、超声时间、提取温度、料液比对佛手果低聚糖提取得率的影响,采用正交试验对佛手果低聚糖的提取工艺进行优化,从单因素试验、正交试验结果以及节约能源角度,得出最佳工艺条件为:提取时间2 h,超声时间20 min,提取温度80℃,料液比1∶8,在此条件下,佛手果低聚糖得率为5.99(±0.15)%。采用体外结合胆酸盐实验评价佛手果低聚糖的降血脂功能,结果显示,佛手果低聚糖对胆酸钠(SC)、牛磺胆酸钠(STC)的吸附能力较强,其结合量分别为20.30(±0.39)、19.61(±0.71)μmol/mg,对甘氨胆酸钠(SGC)吸附能力较弱,其结合量只为14.38(±2.23)μmol/mg,提示佛手果低聚糖可能具有一定的降血脂功能。     

速溶芦笋粉改善睡眠作用研究

[目的]评价以芦笋为原料开发的功能食品速溶芦笋粉改善睡眠功效.[方法]通过60名志愿者试食实验,每日食用一次,一次两袋(24G),连续食用60d,进行睡眠状况评估,同时测定安全性指标及失眠相关内分泌指标,观察速溶芦笋粉对人体睡眠障碍的改善作用.[结果]速溶芦笋粉可明显增加有失眠困扰测评者有效睡眠时间,由5.1 h延长至6.1 h;缩短人睡时间,由50.4 min缩短到25.3 min;醒后再入睡时间明显减少,平均时间由46.5 h减少至19.5 h,食用前后差异显著(P＜0.05),测评者对睡眠质量改善满意度较高.食用后无肝肾功能影响,具有较好的安全性.速溶芦笋粉可以降低皮质醇、去甲肾上腺素水平,提高5-羟色胺、多巴胺水平.[结论]人体试食试验表明,速溶芦笋粉有改善睡眠质量作用,安全有效,其改善睡眠作用可能与调节HPA轴或调节5-羟色胺分泌相关.     

Analysis of TLR1,TLR2,TLR4 and TLR5 Expression in Different Tissues of Jinding Duck

The aim of this study was to explore the expression profiles of Toll-like receptor (TLR) in different tissues,and to lay the foundation of TLRs research for ducks.Ten male Jinding ducks of 300 days of age were slaughtered,and the blood sample and 14 different kinds of tissues (spleen, liver, testise, lung,hypothalamus,pituitary gland,skin,leg muscle,heart,kidney, chest muscle,caecum,small intestine and thymus) were collected. The Primer Premier 5.0 software was used to design specific primers and the quantitative Real-time PCR method was used to detect the relative expression levels of TLR1,TLR2,TLR4 and TLR5 mRNA. The results showed that there were only one specific peak on the melting curve of each gene amplification products,indicating that the specificity of the primers were strong. The amplification efficiency of the target genes was 101.4% to 105.0% and the correlation coefficient (R²) was 0.98 to 1.000. The four kinds of TLRs expressed in all of the 14 tissues and blood with varying abundance in different tissues for each of the 4 kinds of TLRs.The expression levels of TLR1 was lowest in hypothalamus,and highest in chest muscle. The expression levels of TLR2 was lowest in small intestine,and highest in lung. The lowest expressed tissues for TLR4 and TLR5 were testis, and the highest expressed tissues were skin.The study indicated that TLRs were widely expressed in various tissues of duck,which laid the foundation for further study on the role mechanism of duck TLRs in the process of pathogen infection.     

金红茵芋离体快速繁殖技术的研究

为了建立完善的金红茵芋快速繁殖技术体系,以带腋芽茎段为外植体,对其进行了离体培养。结果表明:初代培养基以MS+0.2 mg/L ZT+0.04 mg/L IBA+5.0 mg/L GA3较为适宜,外植体诱导率最高达85%;最佳增殖培养基是MS+1.0 mg/L ZT+0.5 mg/L KT+0.1 mg/L IBA,培养30 d后,增殖率达3.6,试管苗高度达2.0 cm;生根培养基以1/2MS+1.0 mg/L IBA效果为最佳,生根率达90%;适时移栽入泥炭+蛭石+珍珠岩+有机肥(体积比为6∶2∶1∶1)的混合基质中,成活率在80%以上。     

4种中药对嗜水气单胞菌抑菌效果的Meta分析

[目的]采用Meta分析大黄、五倍子、黄连和乌梅等4种中药对不同来源嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌效果,为筛选防治嗜水气单胞菌的中药及其复方提供参考.[方法]使用计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)数据库,检索时限为建库至2016年5月,搜集大黄、五倍子、黄连和乌梅体外抑制嗜水气单胞菌效果的研究文献,并追溯纳入文献的参考文献,提取数据,利用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析.[结果]共纳入9篇文献进行Meta分析,分析结果显示五倍子对嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌效果显著高于大黄[MD=8.11,95% CI(6.26,9.95),P<0.00001],黄连的抑菌效果显著低于大黄[MD=-3.41,95%CI(-5.61,-1.21),P=0.002],乌梅的抑菌效果显著高于大黄[MD=6.43,95% CI(5.18,7.69),P<0.00001],乌梅的抑菌效果显著低于五倍子[MD=-9.34,95%CI(-18.14,-0.54),P=0.04],黄连的抑菌效果显著低于五倍子[MD=-10.81,95%CI(-12.64,-8.97),P<0.00001];敏感分析结果显示Meta分析结果均稳定.[结论]大黄、黄连、五倍子和乌梅4种中药对嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌效果为五倍子>乌梅>大黄>黄连,分析结果稳定,今后防治嗜水气单胞菌的中药复方配伍或中西药配伍时可首选五倍子和乌梅.