虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素提取的研究

为探索提取广西产虎纹捕鸟蛛(Selenocosmia huwena)毒素的新方法,选取雌性虎纹捕鸟蛛225只,根据提取方法(直接咬软管法、直接咬瓶法、激怒咬渐法激怒咬瓶冲洗法)分为4组,结果表明,采用直接咬软管法提取虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素,平均每只蜘蛛可以获得冻干毒素2.28 mg,与采用直接咬瓶法所获得的2.19 mg没有显著差异(P>0.05)。采用激怒咬瓶冲洗法提取虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素,平均每只蜘蛛可以获得冻干毒素重量明显高于激怒咬瓶法[(3.41±0.40)mg,(2.99±0.35)mg,P<0.05],亦明显高于直接咬软管法和直接咬瓶法。该试验结果表明,激怒咬瓶冲洗法是一种提取虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素的有效方法。     

灌注果寡糖对生长绵羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响

采用营养灌注技术研究了果寡糖对生长绵羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响。试验选取6只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羯羊，随机分为两组，试验组一灌注1．00％果寡糖，试验组二灌注2．00％果寡糖。结果表明：灌注果寡糖可以显著（P〈0．05）降低试羊的瘤胃液相pH和瘤胃内的NH3-N浓度，显著提高（P〈0．05）瘤胃内的VFA含量和MCP含量。两个灌注水平都可以提高生长绵羊的瘤胃发酵功能。但2．00％的灌注水平仅在瘤胃NH3-N浓度的降幅方面比1．00％的灌注水平显著增大（P〈0．05），在对瘤胃液相pH值、VFA含量和MCP含量的影响方面两个灌注水平没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。     

鸡奇异变形杆菌的分离、鉴定及流行病学调查

从山东省某一地区发病肉鸡中分离到一株细菌,根据培养特性、形态学特性、生化特性及药物敏感性等鉴定所分离的菌株为奇异变形杆菌。采用自行研制的奇异变形杆菌诊断抗原,通过平板凝集试验对河南、山东、广西等省(自治区)共26个鸡场的739份血清样品进行了奇异变形杆菌病的血清学调查。结果表明70日龄以下商品代和父母代肉鸡抗体阳性率较低(6.85%),70日龄以上父母代肉种鸡阳性率较高(20.10%)。回归分析表明,鸡奇异变形杆菌抗体阳性率与日龄呈显著正相关(r=0.954)。     

苜蓿抗寒机理器抗寒育种研究进展

从渗透调节、过氧化作用、低温诱导蛋白、光合作用4个方面论述了苜蓿适应低温胁迫的机理，简介了苜蓿抗寒性育种研究进展，提出了尚待进一步研究的问题。     

禽流感病毒H5HA、H7HA、H9HA亚型夹心ELISA方法的建立

将禽流感病毒(AIV)H5、H7、H9血凝素亚型标准血清中的IgG作为包被抗体,H5、H7、H9血凝素亚型单克隆抗体作为第二抗体,建立了双抗体夹心ELISA(AC-ELISA)方法,并优化了反应条件.结果表明:单抗和标准血清最适工作质量浓度分别为5、10 mg/L,标准阳性血清于4℃包被12 h,二抗作用条件为37℃作用1 h,封闭条件为37℃作用1 h,酶标抗体工作条件为1∶5 000稀释后,37℃作用1 h,底物作用条件为37℃作用10 min.阴阳性抗原临界值为0.274～0.332.本方法具有很高的特异性和敏感性.     

妥曲珠利在鸡组织内的残留研究

研究鸡单剂量喂服(50 mg/kg·d,100mg/kg·d,连服2 d)妥曲珠利后在肝脏、肾脏、肌肉组织中的残留量,以便制定妥曲珠利预混剂的休药期.用乙腈-乙酸乙酯(3/2,v/v)提取组织中的药物,利用高效液相色谱法测定组织中妥曲珠利的浓度.试验结果表明,100mg/kg饲料添加妥曲珠利在鸡体内休药期为14 d,50 mg/kg时休药期为8 d.该结果与农业部制定的无公害食品饲养兽药使用准则中所规定的75～100 mg/kg鸡饮水妥曲珠利的休药期一致.     

嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌DHHJ降解羽毛产物的分析研究

通过对固态发酵羽毛产物进行分析,得出羽毛发酵液中氨基酸和微量元素的组分分布以及可溶蛋白分子量分布.根据嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌固态发酵羽毛所得发酵液的组成特点,认为其适合的应用领域是通过表面吸收方式的利用,如洗护用品和肥料.     

High Throughput Sequencing to Study the Effect of Chronic Renal Failure on the Diversity and Gene Function Prediction of Gut Microbiota in Dogs

This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic renal failure(CRF) on the gut microbiota diversity and predict the gene function of the flora. A total of 30 2-year-old dogs were selected and randomly divided into the chronic renal failure model group (CRF, established by renal artery ligation), sham operation control group (Sham) and healthy control group (HCG). All animals were fed normally during the 56 days of test period. The serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine protein / creatinine ratio (UP/C) were detected regularly during the experiment. The effects of chronic renal failure on the structure, diversity and function of gut microbiota were analyzed according to the result of bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing from fresh feces collected without contamination. The flora markers index (FMI) was constructed based on the principal component Logistic regression analysis of different microbiota in CRF group to predict the development of chronic renal failure. The results showed that: 1) The levels of Scr, BUN and UP/C in CRF group from the start of the 28th day of the experiment were significantly higher than those of HCG group and Sham group (P<0.05), and significantly higher than that of the first day of CRF group (P<0.05). 2) Compared with those before chronic renal failure (CRF group at day 0 and 28), HCG group and Sham group, the Chao 1 diversity and Shannon diversity of gut microbiota in CRF group at day 56 were significantly lower (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria significantly increased and the number of Firmicutes significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) LEfSe analysis showed that 20 species were enriched in CRF group, mainly including Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Proteus and so on, and most of them had negative correlation with other intestinal bacteria. Functional prediction revealed that genes of those different species were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, sugar biosynthesis and metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism in CRF group. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the FMI constructed with those species enriched was 0.788, which could be used as the intestinal microbial marker for CRF in dogs. In summary, chronic renal failure can reduce the diversity of intestinal microbiota, lead to the imbalance of bacterial structure and change of bacterial function. Moreover, the enriched gut microbiota in CRF group can be used as the intestinal microbial marker of CRF in dogs, and the best prediction effect can be obtained by FMI.     

猪繁殖和呼吸综合症山东分离株ORF7基因的克隆、测序及鉴定

山东某些养殖场发生以母猪流产或产死胎、木乃伊等为特症的流行性繁殖障碍病,怀疑为猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒(PRRSV)所致.自行设计了一对针对PRRSV的N基因的特异性引物P1和P2,通过RT-PCR技术对分别从潍坊和济南收集到的可疑病料进行检测,结果为阳性,并得到1条366bp的DNA片段.纯化此扩增产物,然后与PMD-18T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌DH5α.结果得到了1个ORF7基因与PMD-18T载体的重组质粒PMD-18T-ORF7.通过EcoRⅠ/BamHⅠ双酶切及PCR证明此重组质粒即为ORF7基因与PMD-18T载体的重组质粒,从而为ORF7基因及其表达的核衣壳蛋白进一步研究奠定了基础.     

放牧条件下绒山羊绒毛季节性生长变化规律的研究

本试验研究放牧条件下绒山羊绒毛季节性生长变化的规律。选择体重及产绒性能相近的2.5岁内蒙古白绒山羊羯羊10只,随机均分为2组,分别接受自然光照和短光照处理,短光照组每天的光照时间比自然光照组减少2小时,两组试羊在同一草场放牧。结果表明,放牧条件下,随牧草营养值下降(CP含量13.9%～6.0%)和光照递减(14.6～9.4h/d),绒毛生长呈慢—快—慢增长模式,主要的生长期在9月下旬～12月上旬,11月份为高峰期;减少光照可刺激绒毛生长,使快速生长的时间提前至8月下旬,绒毛长度增加10.9%,但生长模式不变。绒毛细度(14.6～14.9μm)和强度(6.9～5.9g)不受季节影响,但绒毛伸度下降54.3%;减少光照不改变绒毛强度和伸度,但绒毛细度增加5.6%、产绒量提高12.5%。