西藏查吾拉地区不同性别牦牛产肉性能和肉营养成分的比较

为了研究性别对查吾拉地区牦牛的产肉性能及肉营养成分的影响,随机选取8岁健康的查吾拉牦牛10头,公母各半,对不同组别间牦牛进行屠宰试验比较肉营养品质的差异。结果表明,母牦牛屠宰率、净肉率、胴体率、骨肉比均高于公牦牛,但无统计学差异。肉营养成分分析结果显示,母牦牛肉中维生素A、E、B₁₂、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、钙、硒、脂肪酸含量高于公牦牛(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,查吾拉牦牛富含较高的营养成分,可为人类提供优质健康的动物蛋白,具备作为优质牦牛肉源生产的潜力。相比较,母牦牛肉优于公牦牛。     

影响六安瓜片品质形成与茶汤滋味的关键因素分析

六安瓜片为中国传统十大名茶,是我国绿茶中唯一只用单片鲜叶加工的片茶,因其独特的采摘方式和烘焙工艺,茶汤滋味更加浓醇。本文从茶树品种、产地环境与栽培模式、加工工艺和冲泡条件4个方面分析影响六安瓜片品质形成与茶汤滋味的关键因素,为六安瓜片品质的稳定性和标准化生产提供参考。     

优质高产棉花新品种鲁棉1157的选育及栽培技术

介绍了鲁棉1157 的选育过程、农艺特征特性、产量、品质、抗性及栽培技术要点。     

亮斑扁角水虻形态观察及诱产卵菌的筛选

【目的】 研究引进亮斑扁角水虻在室内饲喂条件下的生活史、成虫种群雌雄比例变化规律,对其卵表及幼虫肠道中诱成虫产卵菌进行筛选和鉴定,为亮斑扁角水虻在本地区的规模养殖和综合利用提供理论依据。【方法】 引进亮斑扁角水虻,在室内光照条件下饲喂4代,用直接观察法记录亮斑扁角水虻在不同饲喂条件下的生活史和生活习性,显微拍照记录水虻各龄期的形态特征;用稀释涂布平板及平板划线的方法,对亮斑扁角水虻卵携带菌及其幼虫肠道菌进行分离纯化,筛选可诱导产卵的菌株,并鉴定。【结果】 与内地相比,亮斑扁角水虻在新疆饲养周期稍有延长,但其发育完好,能够在本地区进行世代饲养;观察并记录了其卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫及其其生殖器形态;筛选到对亮斑扁角水虻雌性成虫有诱导产卵效果的两株菌e1、Y3,其发酵液处理组平均产卵量分别为对照组的6.26和7.40倍,两株菌皆为革兰氏阳性菌,16S RNA测序初步鉴定e1为暹罗芽孢秆菌,Y3为节杆菌属,且Y3为1种潜在的新菌。【结论】 引进亮斑扁角水虻在新疆能够周年循环养殖,具有规模生产及综合开发利用潜力。     

Influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes based on rainfall simulation experiments

Aeolian-fluvial interplay erosion regions are subject to intense soil erosion and are of particular concern in loess areas of northwestern China.Understanding the composition,distribution,and transport processes of eroded sediments in these regions is of considerable scientific significance for controlling soil erosion.In this study,based on laboratory rainfall simulation experiments,we analyzed rainfall-induced erosion processes on sand-covered loess slopes(SS)with different sand cover patterns(including length and thickness)and uncovered loess slopes(LS)to investigate the influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes in case regions of aeolian-fluvial erosion.The grain-size curves of eroded sediments were fitted using the Weibull function.Compositions of eroded sediments under different sand cover patterns and rainfall intensities were analyzed to explore sediment transport modes of SS.The influences of sand cover amount and pattern on erosion processes of loess slopes were also discussed.The results show that sand cover on loess slopes influences the proportion of loess erosion and that the compositions of eroded sediments vary between SS and LS.Sand cover on loess slopes transforms silt erosion into sand erosion by reducing splash erosion and changing the rainfall-induced erosion processes.The percentage of eroded sand from SS in the early stage of runoff and sediment generation is always higher than that in the late stage.Sand cover on loess slopes aggravates loess erosion,not only by adding sand as additional eroded sediments but also by increasing the amount of eroded loess,compared with the loess slopes without sand cover.The influence of sand cover pattern on runoff yield and the amount of eroded sediments is larger than that of sand cover amount.Furthermore,given the same sand cover pattern,a thicker sand cover could increase sand erosion while a thinner sand cover could aggravate loess erosion.This difference explains the existence of intense erosion on slopes that are thinly covered with sand in regions where aeolian erosion and fluvial erosion interact.     

黄花蒿提取物对菜蚜的杀虫活性研究

以丙酮、乙醇及水作溶剂，研究了黄花蒿全株干粉的3种溶剂提取物及其提取物不同浓度对菜蚜的触杀和胃毒活性。结果表明3种提取物对蚜虫都具有较强的毒杀活性，回归分析表明随着浓度升高杀虫时间缩短。LD50结果说明丙酮提取物的杀虫活性最强，乙醇提取物次之，最次是水提取物。独立样本t检验比较触杀效果和胃毒效果，表明黄花蒿各提取物均是触杀效果高于胃毒作用。     

云南籼稻小苗机插技术研究

为了降低机插稻育秧、运秧劳动强度,在云南籼稻地区探索籼稻小苗机插技术。以吉优716为材料,设置160 g/盘（T1 ）和180 g/盘（T2）2个播种量处理,秧龄9 d,每667 m²大田用秧6盘。以常规播种量70 g/盘,15 d秧龄,每667 m²用秧15盘为对照,比较分析了不同处理间秧苗素质、栽插质量、茎蘖动态和产量的差异。结果表明,虽然密播小苗处理秧苗素质不如对照,并且缺丛率较高,但每丛基本苗数、各时期的茎蘖数和有效穗数均显著高于对照,最终产量均高于对照。较高的有效穗数是机插密播小苗技术增产的主要原因。其中,T1处理用种量比对照减少了8.57%,秧盘数比对照减少60%,但产量比对照增加了9.0%,节本增效的效果明显,具有较大的推广潜力。