苏州市吴中区生态赤字分析及可持续发展力的研究

应用生态足迹模型研究了苏州市吴中区人均生态足迹变化,分析了生态赤字的成因,并结合万元GDP生态足迹、生态足迹多样性指数和发展能力指数对可持续发展力进行定量评估,最终找到可持续发展的途径。结果表明,2005—2012年间,吴中区存在严重的生态赤字,赤字大小为1.113 2~2.087 5 hm2·人-1,耕地和能源用地赤字比例较大,人均生态足迹和生态承载力逐渐降低,生态赤字状况有所缓解;万元GDP生态足迹为0.493 84~0.093 54 hm2·人-1,生态足迹多样性指数为1.048 2~1.223 7,缓慢增加,基于生态足迹的经济发展能力指数为2.474 7~1.499 0,大幅下降。可见,苏州市吴中区处于不可持续发展状态,各土地利用类型生态足迹的分配不均,但其资源利用率较高,综合可持续发展力较强。因此,提出了一种加快工业转型、控制人口数量、加强耕地保护、减少污染排放、重视生态建设、增加产业类型、平衡足迹分配的可持续发展对策。     

鳜胃蛋白酶基因外显子7上SNP检测及其与食性驯化相关分析

本研究旨在探寻胃蛋白酶(pepsinogen,PEP)基因的等位基因及其基因型在不同食性驯化表型鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)群体中的分布情况.通过2周食性驯化,挑选出最易驯化和最不易驯化的2组,提取各组鳜鳍条组织DNA,采用PCR产物直接测序法(direct sequencing,DS)、限制性片段长度多态...     

禾谷孢囊线虫初始密度对其繁殖及小麦生长和产量的影响

为明确土壤中禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)初始密度(Pi)与小麦生长和产量的关系,在2011-2013年的两个冬小麦生育周期里,通过网室盆栽试验,分析了土壤禾谷孢囊线虫初始密度对其繁殖及小麦生长和产量的影响。结果表明,禾谷孢囊线虫的繁殖系数(Rf)随Pi的增加而减少,当Pi为0.5个卵·mL-1土时,Rf达到8.7;当Pi为64个卵·mL-1土时,Rf仅为2.8。小麦株高、茎叶干重、根干重及产量均与Pi呈显著负相关。当Pi≥8个卵·mL-1土时,小麦植株生长受到抑制,产量显著下降,因此田间禾谷孢囊线虫的初始密度高于该值时,应当采取有效措施进行防治。     

苹果矮化基因的研究进展

矮化苹果具有植株矮、冠幅小、早果性、丰产性好、生产管理方便等特点,国际上苹果生产均以矮化栽培的方式进行。因此矮化栽培是我国苹果生产的发展趋势,而矮化砧木品种选育是苹果矮化栽培的基础。近年来,国内外学者对苹果矮化的遗传特点、分子标记、基因克隆和转基因等方面进行了比较深入的研究。该研究从苹果矮化遗传特点、分子标记应用及矮化基因定位、矮化相关基因克隆和矮化转基因等方面的研究进行了概述,以期为进一步利用这些基因改良苹果农艺性状及矮化机理研究提供参考。     

Up-regulation of miR-181a attenuates releases of CSE-induced pro-inflammatory factors and expression of collagen IV,fibronectin and α-SMA in human bronchial epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of microRNA-181a (miR-181a) on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced the productions of pro-inflammatory factors and the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). METHODS: CSE-induced miR-181a expression was detected by RT-qPCR in the HBECs. After tansfected with miR-181a mimic, the releases of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured by ELISA, the protein expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA was determined by Western blot. The activation of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway was also evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS: CSE increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1 and the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA, and decreased the expression of miR-181a in the HBECs (P<0.05). However, transfected with miR-181a mimic partially prevented the releases of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1, and inhibited the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA (P<0.05). Additionally, the activation of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 evoked by CSE was attenuated after transfected with miR-181a mimic. CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of miR-181a prevents the releases of CSE-induced pro-inflammatory factors and expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA in the HBECs, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.     

绘环棱螺肝中粗提物抗菌活性初步研究

越来越多的临床致病菌对传统抗生素产生了耐药性,对人类的生命健康构成了威胁,由此驱使人们开发新的抗菌药抑制这些致病菌。该试验通过Sephadex G-75凝胶层析和超滤离心制备绘环棱螺肝中粗提物,用琼脂糖弥散法初筛抗菌活性物质,研究该淡水螺的体外抗菌活性。结果表明:绘环棱螺肝中分子量在10 kDa的小分子部分的粗提物,对大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌、绿脓杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有不同程度的抑菌活性,呈现一定的广谱抗菌活性。     

Dynamics of Bt cotton Cry1Ac protein content under an alternating high temperature regime and effects on nitrogen metabolism

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alternating high temperature on Cry1Ac protein content on Bt cotton cultivars Sikang 1(SK-1,a conventional cultivar)and Sikang 3(SK-3,a hybrid cultivar).In 2011 and 2012,cotton plants were subjected to high temperature treatments ranging from 32 to 40℃ in climate chambers to investigate the effects of high temperature on boll shell insecticidal protein expression.The experiments showed that significant decline of the boll shell insecticidal protein was detected at temperatures higher than 38℃ after 24 h.Based on the results,the cotton plants were treated with the threshold temperature of 38℃ from 6:00 a.m.to 6:00 p.m.followed by a normal temperature of 27℃ during the remaining night hours(DH/NN)in 2012 and 2013.These treatments were conducted at peak boll growth stage for both cultivars in study periods of 0,4,7,and 10 d.Temperature treatment of 32℃ from 6:00 a.m.to 6:00 p.m.and 27℃ in the remaining hours was set as control.The results showed that,compared with the control,after the DH/NN stress treatment applied for 7 d,the boll shell Cry1Ac protein content level was significantly decreased by 19.1 and 17.5% for SK-1 and by 15.3 and 13.7% for SK-3 in 2012 and 2013,respectively.Further analysis of nitrogen metabolic physiology under DH/NN showed that the soluble protein content and the glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)activities decreased slightly after 4 d,and then decreased sharply after 7 d.The free amino acid content and the protease content increased sharply after 7 d.The changes in SK-1 were greater than those in SK-3.These results suggest that under DH/NN stress,boll shell Cry1Ac protein content decline was delayed.Reduced protein synthesis and increased protein degradation in the boll shell decreased protein content,including Bt protein,which may reduce resistance to the cotton bollworm.     

离子注入对雪松花粉粒萌发与花粉管生长的影响

用激光扫描共聚焦显微技术(LSCM)研究了低能离子注入对雪松花粉管萌发和生长的影响。结果表明,低剂量(1×1015ions/cm2)注入对雪松花粉粒萌发没有明显的影响;3×1015ions/cm2和5×1015ions/cm2离子注入可以刺激花粉粒萌发;高剂量(等于或大于7×1015ions/cm2)的离子注入会显著抑制花粉粒萌发。离子注入对雪松花粉管的伸长和花粉管的形态特征有比较明显的影响,花粉管受到的损伤程度与离子注入剂量有一定的相关性。     

临汾市农业土壤中有效态微量元素含量分析与评价

对临汾市39个农业土壤样品有效态微量元素铜、锌、铁、锰的含量进行了测定,并对其分布特点,测定结果进行了分析与评价,旨在为该地区合理施用微肥,提高农作物产量和质量提供科学依据。结果表明:临汾市农业土壤中除有效铁分布差异较大外,其它微量元素分布较均匀。微量元素中有效铜平均含量为1.775 mg.kg-1,属2级水平;有效锌平均含量为1.992 mg.kg-1,属2级水平;有效铁平均含量为8.613 mg.kg-1,属3级水平;有效锰平均含量为9.110 mg.kg-1,属3级水平。     

La3+,Ce3+对厌氧颗粒污泥在不同VFA底物中的产甲烷促进效应

采用静态实验研究了分别添加O.05mg·L^-1La^3＋和Ce^3＋对不同来源和保存状况条件下不同VFA底物的厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷的影响。结果表明，乙酸为底物时加入Ce^3＋，丙酸加入La^3＋或Ce^3＋，乳酸加入La^3＋时都大大加快了反应初期污泥的产甲烷速率，且对比产甲烷活性SMA也有3％-8％的提高；O.05mg·L^-1La^3＋或Ce^3＋的加入使污泥利用丙酸的速度加快，对于厌氧反应器的恢复运行有一定的实际意义。甲酸为底物时，La^3＋，Ce^3＋的加入对污泥产甲烷曲线形状没有影响，对SMA则分别降低了9.21％和3.37％；乙酸添加La^3＋在反应初期明显降低了产甲烷速率，但SMA并未降低。厌氧颗粒污泥经长时间低温存放后，原来对其SMA有提高作用的稀土浓度此时可能会作用不明显甚至会降低SMA；低浓度稀土离子对污泥产甲烷活性产生抑制作用时，相同质量浓度下Ce^3＋比La^3＋对污泥的抑制作用小；驯化培养过程有利于污泥对稀土的适应。