十字花科蔬菜上黄曲条跳甲种群动态调查与分析

1996～1997年在深圳对黄曲条跳甲种群动态调查的结果表明 :该虫在一年中有两个发生高峰 ,即春季高峰和秋季高峰。秋季发生高峰的虫口数量是春季的2.4～2.5倍。旬降雨量 (X₁)、旬平均气温 (X₂)与黄曲条跳甲种群数量 (Y)之间的关系用数学方程式表达 :Y=27.1537-0.004 128X₁+0.004727X₂。黄曲条跳甲在一季菜生长期内的发生动态与寄主植物生长发育期密切相关。本文还讨论了黄曲条跳甲在不同寄主植物上的种群动态     

花期低温对水稻叶鞘生理及结实率的影响

盆栽条件下,以耐冷性不同的2个水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种龙稻5（耐冷型）和龙粳11（冷敏型）为材料,于开花期在人工气候室进行低温（15℃,分别持续1,2,3,4,5 d）处理,研究开花期低温对不同耐冷性水稻结实率及叶鞘膜透性、抗氧化酶等生理指标的影响。结果表明：低温处理2 d时,龙稻5和龙粳11的花粉活力分别下降了8.21%和16.10%,差异达极显著水平;低温处理3 d后,龙稻5的结实率下降到99.90%,与CK相比差异达到显著水平;低温处理1 d后,龙粳11的结实率下降到60.04%,与对照相比差异达到极显著水平。低温处理提高了水稻叶鞘相对电导率和脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量,处理5 d时各指标达最大值,与CK相比,龙稻15和龙粳11分别提高了38.01%和20.77%、25.06%和84.85%、25.82%和23.63%。同时低温处理也提高了叶鞘超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,处理3 d时酶活性达最大值,龙稻15和龙粳11分别较CK提高了10.57%和14.90%、86.26%和68.71%、17.73%和28.25%。综上所述,开花期低温引起水稻叶鞘膜脂过氧化程度升高,但也诱导水稻叶鞘抗氧化系统开启、保护酶活性上升以抵御低温伤害;开花期低温导致水稻花粉活力降低并引起结实率降低,耐冷品种较冷敏品种抵御能力强。     

半湿润区斑地锦入侵后马铃薯的光合响应

试验以无斑地锦入侵条件为对照,研究半湿润区斑地锦入侵对马铃薯叶片光合色素含量、PSⅡ荧光特性和吸收光能分配的影响.结果表明,斑地锦入侵后,马铃薯叶片5-氨基乙酰丙酸、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率Fv/Fm、PSⅡ有效光化学量子产率Fv’/Fm’、光化学量子效率ΦPSⅡ、表观光合电子传递速率ET...     

Periodical characteristics of baseflow in the source region of the Yangtze River

Baseflow,which represents the drainage of groundwater aquifers,is an essential component of runoff in hydrological basins.In the source region of the Yangtze River,the change of baseflow typically reflects the interactions between groundwater system and climatic factors in cold and arid areas.With modified Kalinen separation method,annual baseflow between 1957 and 2009 in this region was estimated and calculated.In comparison with the inner-annual variations of total streamflow,baseflow showed a weaker fluctuation.Before the 1980s,it was in a steady state;and after then,it demonstrated dramatic variations and large amplitudes.Based on the calculation results of baseflow,the real Morlet wavelet method was applied to reveal the periodical characteristics of baseflow as well as the precipitation and air temperature in the study area.It was found that annual baseflow has a 43-year trend as well as a 21-year period and a 7-year period.The 21-year period is most significant,with its wavelet coefficient having the largest fluctuation and amplitude.Summation of wavelet coefficients on these periods exhibits a similar change pattern with respect to that of annual baseflow.The summation curve takes a"W"shape,which means that the baseflow follows a four-stage sequence of descending–ascending–descending–ascending.As analyzed,the relationship among baseflow,precipitation and temperature is implied in the correlation between their normalized wavelet coefficients at different temporal scales.By the significant positive linear correlations both between precipitation and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.98)and between temperature and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.90)for the 43-year wavelet coefficients,it is suggested that the long-term increasing trends of precipitation and air temperature will lead to an increasing trend of baseflow.For wavelet coefficients of 21-year and 7-year periods,the positive linear correlation between precipitation and baseflow is significant.However,the correlation between air temperature and baseflow is not so evident,especially for the 21-year period.As a conclusion, correlation analysis with normalized wavelet coefficients showed that the change of annual baseflow was contributed mostly by the change of precipitation and secondly by the change of temperature.     

汾河流域气温变化时空特征分析

根据汾河流域上、中、下游典型市区54年(1954-2007年)气温观测资料,运用气候统计分析法、累积距平和信噪比法对汾河流域气温变化时空特征进行了分析。结果表明:汾河流域54年来气候呈现暖干化趋势,年均气温整体呈现上升趋势,总降水量整体呈现下降趋势;汾河流域气温变化呈上升趋势,10 a平均增幅为0.24℃;汾河流域进入21世纪初期气温上升幅度减小,且上、中、下游气温悬殊差距缩小;经气温变化的突变分析得出54年来汾河流域气温不存在突变年,1960年、1996年分别是汾河上游、汾河中、下游小的气温转折年,1993年是汾河流域大的气温转折年。     

广州地区桔小实蝇的发生与综合防治关键措施

桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)是危害水果和蔬菜的危险性有害生物。介绍了桔小实蝇在广州地区的发生特点、生活史及生活习性,对该虫采取诱杀成虫、套袋及收集和处理虫果、释放不育蝇、化学防治和行政管理等综合关键措施,可提高对桔小实蝇的防治效果。     

应用光波技术诱捕桔小实蝇试验

桔小实蝇是一种危害水果和蔬菜作物的危险性有害生物。基于利用黄色色光光波趋性反应进行的桔小实蝇诱捕试验结果表明,处理后7 d效果最好的是黄粘胶板 橙汁(平均每纸27.9头),其次为黄粘胶板 甜酒糟(平均每纸17.6头)和黄粘胶板 番石榴汁(平均每纸14.2头)。说明通过应用光波诱捕技术,可应用于对实蝇的监测调查和对实蝇的防治。     

青梅主要病虫害的发生及防治

近年来随着广东青梅种植规模扩大和商品化生产深入,病虫害问题逐渐突出。通过对青梅果园病虫害的调查研究以及防治试验,初步掌握了广东省青梅主要病虫害的发生与流行规律,并总结出有效的防治技术,为青梅种植业的健康发展提供参考。     

亚致死浓度氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾药剂敏感度和解毒酶活性的影响

采用叶片药膜法,使用亚致死浓度(LC10、LC25)的氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)3龄幼虫连续处理5代后,试虫对氯虫苯甲酰胺的敏感度分别比敏感品系下降了57.3% 和67.7%,同时对多杀菌素的敏感度也分别下降了60.2% 和51.5%,但对毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯的敏感度变化不明显。采用该浓度的氯虫苯甲酰胺分别处理小菜蛾3龄幼虫24、48和72 h,可诱导其羧酸酯酶(CarE)比活力上升,但对细胞色素P450 O-脱乙基酶(ECOD)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)和芳基酰胺酶(AA)有明显的抑制作用;连续处理5代后,小菜蛾CarE和ECOD的比活力显著高于对照组,分别为对照组的1.16、1.40倍和1.65、1.56倍,但GSTs和AA的比活力则分别比对照下降了11.0%、27.5%和43.6%、52.5%。结果表明,小菜蛾对氯虫苯甲酰胺产生抗性的风险较高;羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶可能与小菜蛾对氯虫苯甲酰胺的敏感度下降有关。     

百合病毒病的发生与症状类型

百合病毒病症状类型可归纳为7种类型,轻花叶型(Mm),重花叶型(Sm),矮化型(Stu),丛簇矮化型(Rstu)。黄化矮化型(Ys),扁茎簇叶型(Fsbl),花变叶型(Phy),其中轻花叶型和重花叶型发生普遍,花变叶型出现较少。病害发生的轻重与种球种龄有关,种龄越大,发病越重。前茬种植百合的地块较种植小麦的地块发病重,低洼积水地发病重。不同百合品种对病毒病的抗性有差异。