暗黑链霉菌PY-1抑菌活性产物的结构鉴定及其对葡萄霜霉病菌的抑制作用

 从暗黑链霉菌(Streptomyces atratus)PY-1菌株发酵液中分离鉴定抑菌活性产物,评价其对葡萄霜霉病菌(Plasmopara viticola)的抑制作用,为该菌株及其产生的抑菌活性物质的应用提供依据。PY-1菌株发酵液经二氯甲烷萃取,减压浓缩获得抑菌粗提物,稳定性测定结果显示,避光条件下,15℃~65℃、pH 6~10、4℃或常温保存6个月,抑菌活性稳定。采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-2柱层析、薄层层析和HPLC等技术,对抑菌粗提物进一步分离纯化,得到2种抑菌活性组分;采用ESI-MS、¹H NMR、¹³C NMR等波谱分析技术,对活性组分进行结构鉴定,2种活性组分分别鉴定为5-乙酸环已基酰亚胺(5-acetoxycycloheximide)和环己酰亚胺(cycloheximide)。采用离体叶片法测定2种组分的抑菌活性,不同浓度(10⁴ ng·mL^-1、10² ng·mL^-1、1 ng·mL^-1)的5-乙酸环已基酰亚胺和环己酰亚胺对葡萄霜霉病菌的抑制作用分别为92.59%、86.30%、64.81%和97.04%、91.85%、84.07%。     

十字花科蔬菜上黄曲条跳甲种群动态调查与分析

1996～1997年在深圳对黄曲条跳甲种群动态调查的结果表明 :该虫在一年中有两个发生高峰 ,即春季高峰和秋季高峰。秋季发生高峰的虫口数量是春季的2.4～2.5倍。旬降雨量 (X₁)、旬平均气温 (X₂)与黄曲条跳甲种群数量 (Y)之间的关系用数学方程式表达 :Y=27.1537-0.004 128X₁+0.004727X₂。黄曲条跳甲在一季菜生长期内的发生动态与寄主植物生长发育期密切相关。本文还讨论了黄曲条跳甲在不同寄主植物上的种群动态     

万年青炭疽病病原菌分离与鉴定

万年青炭疽病是万年青的重要病害之一,其病原菌的分类说法不一,本文按照柯赫氏法则的要求进行了分离培养和鉴定,鉴定结果为丛刺胶盘孢属Vermicularia的万年青炭疽刺盘孢菌Vermicularia （Colletotrichum） montemartinii Togn.Var.rhodeae Trav.。文中对病害的症状、病原菌分离培养及形态特征等作了描述。     

11种杀菌剂对马铃薯软腐病的防治效果

由果胶杆菌属细菌Pectobacterium spp.引起的软腐病是世界范围内马铃薯生产上重要的细菌性病害之一。本研究分别采用碟片法和生长速率法探究了11种常用的杀菌剂对胡萝卜果胶杆菌胡萝卜亚种菌株Pcc20181的离体抑菌效果; 采用马铃薯半薯接种法评价了供试杀菌剂对马铃薯软腐病的防控效果。碟片法和生长速率法测定结果均显示:11种供试杀菌剂中72%农用硫酸链霉素SP、0.3%四霉素AS和3%噻霉酮WP离体抑菌效果最好, 抑菌圈直径介于0.13~1.47 cm, EC50介于1.695~44.363 mg/L; 新鲜半薯接种法测定结果表明, 11种供试杀菌剂中有8种对软腐病均有控病效果, 防效为33.33~92.50%。其中, 3%噻霉酮WP对马铃薯软腐病的防效最高为92.50%, 随后依次为72%农用硫酸链霉素SP （89.76%）、20%叶枯唑WP （58.81%）、0.3%四霉素AS （51.60%）。综合评价, 3%噻霉酮WP、20%叶枯唑WP和0.3%四霉素AS对马铃薯软腐病具有较好的防控效果。     

基于机载LiDAR的高郁闭度华北落叶松林单木识别

【目的】高郁闭度华北落叶松林Larix principis-rupprechtii林木树冠交叉重叠,传统的基于高分辨影像的单木识别方法识别精度不高。利用机载LiDAR三维点云数据可提高高郁闭度华北落叶松林的单木识别精度。【方法】在点云数据预处理基础上,提出基于点云空间特征的高斯核函数改进的均值漂移单木位置识别方法 (MSP),比较并分析MSP法与基于点云空间特征的区域生长点云分割方法 (RGP)、基于冠层高度模型的局部最大值单木位置识别方法 (LMC)和基于冠层模型的多尺度分割单木位置识别方法 (MSC)的单木识别效果。【结果】4种方法单木位置识别精度从大到小依次为MSP(89.30%)、LMC (85.60%)、RGP (77.50%)和MSC (70.00%),MSP的漏分误差和错分误差最小,分别为8.7%和8.0%,平均单木冠幅提取精度为90.18%。【结论】提出的MSP法对高郁闭度华北落叶松林单木位置识别具有较好的适用性,利用机载LiDAR可为提取华北落叶松林森林结构参数提供新的途径。图3表3参28     

凹叶厚朴在熊岳树木园的引种繁殖研究

总结了熊岳树木园凹叶厚朴的引种生长表现情况,并对凹叶厚朴的繁育技术提出了关键性的技术措施。     

用计算机手段探测晚芦基因20h连续表达趋势

以岩溪晚芦(Citrus reticulata Blanco)为试材,在果实成熟期用乙烯诱导果蒂的离层,分时段应用探针组(Probe Set ID)总数至少30302的基因芯片研究了离层基因表达情况,且同步进行了无乙烯诱导的对照实验,得到芯片两两比较结果。4h、12h和24h样品处理同样品对照的两两比较结果表明:4h、12h和24h样品处理分别至少有650个、500个和2200个探针组比样品对照显著下调表达,分别占探针组总数的2.15%、1.65%和7.26%;4h、12h和24h样品处理分别至少有550、600和1200个探针组比样品对照显著上调表达,分别占探针组总数的1.82%、1.98%和3.96%。研究首次证实了Affymetrix公司的柑橘基因表达检测芯片可应用于中国岩溪晚芦,首次发现了至少500条基因连续20h的表达趋势。     

菊花离体快繁技术研究

以菊花‘神马’和‘黄绣球’的茎尖为外植体进行组织培养,研究了基因型及激素组合对不定芽分化、增殖及生根的影响。结果表明:最适诱导分化培养基为:‘神马’:MS+6-BA 1 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;‘黄绣球:’MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L。最适增殖培养基为:‘神马:’MS+6-BA 1 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L;‘黄绣球:’MS+6-BA 1 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L。两者的最适生根培养基都为:1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L。     

半湿润区斑地锦入侵后马铃薯的光合响应

试验以无斑地锦入侵条件为对照,研究半湿润区斑地锦入侵对马铃薯叶片光合色素含量、PSⅡ荧光特性和吸收光能分配的影响.结果表明,斑地锦入侵后,马铃薯叶片5-氨基乙酰丙酸、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率Fv/Fm、PSⅡ有效光化学量子产率Fv’/Fm’、光化学量子效率ΦPSⅡ、表观光合电子传递速率ET...     

Periodical characteristics of baseflow in the source region of the Yangtze River

Baseflow,which represents the drainage of groundwater aquifers,is an essential component of runoff in hydrological basins.In the source region of the Yangtze River,the change of baseflow typically reflects the interactions between groundwater system and climatic factors in cold and arid areas.With modified Kalinen separation method,annual baseflow between 1957 and 2009 in this region was estimated and calculated.In comparison with the inner-annual variations of total streamflow,baseflow showed a weaker fluctuation.Before the 1980s,it was in a steady state;and after then,it demonstrated dramatic variations and large amplitudes.Based on the calculation results of baseflow,the real Morlet wavelet method was applied to reveal the periodical characteristics of baseflow as well as the precipitation and air temperature in the study area.It was found that annual baseflow has a 43-year trend as well as a 21-year period and a 7-year period.The 21-year period is most significant,with its wavelet coefficient having the largest fluctuation and amplitude.Summation of wavelet coefficients on these periods exhibits a similar change pattern with respect to that of annual baseflow.The summation curve takes a"W"shape,which means that the baseflow follows a four-stage sequence of descending–ascending–descending–ascending.As analyzed,the relationship among baseflow,precipitation and temperature is implied in the correlation between their normalized wavelet coefficients at different temporal scales.By the significant positive linear correlations both between precipitation and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.98)and between temperature and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.90)for the 43-year wavelet coefficients,it is suggested that the long-term increasing trends of precipitation and air temperature will lead to an increasing trend of baseflow.For wavelet coefficients of 21-year and 7-year periods,the positive linear correlation between precipitation and baseflow is significant.However,the correlation between air temperature and baseflow is not so evident,especially for the 21-year period.As a conclusion, correlation analysis with normalized wavelet coefficients showed that the change of annual baseflow was contributed mostly by the change of precipitation and secondly by the change of temperature.