牦牛及杂种后代犏牛的TSPY基因克隆分析

克隆测序了牦牛、犏牛TSPY基因的编码区全序列,并用生物信息学软件分析了该基因的编码区序列、蛋白结构和进化关系.结果表明,牦牛和犏牛TSPY基因编码区序列长度均为954 bp,编码317个氨基酸,牦牛与普通牛TSPY基因序列的一致性分别为98.95％,犏牛与牦牛、普通牛TSPY基因序列的一致性分别为98.95％、99.79％,杂交后代犏牛与亲本序列差异表现在第113位核酸位点发生了改变(T→T→C),导致第38位氨基酸发生变化(V→V→A).牦牛和犏牛TSPY蛋白含有TSPY家族典型的SET/NAP保守结构域,与人、鼠TSPY蛋白结构域一致,推测牦牛和犏牛TSPY蛋白在雄性减数分裂过程中参与了精原细胞和初级精母细胞的调节.     

匙吻鲟苗种繁育技术

 匙吻鲟繁育技术要点是“三水一饵”,控制水温、调节水量、培育水质是保证繁育成功的必要条件,提高成活率的关键是投饲高蛋白高能量活饵料并注意及早预防小瓜虫、水霉病。另外,还对亲本鱼选留、培育和匙吻鲟养殖前景进行了展望。     

The Effect of Training on Yili Horse 1 600 m Test Results and Heart Rate Variability

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different training stages on the performance and heart rate variability(HRV) of Yili horses and to provide data for reference in the conditioning training of 1 600 m distance Yili horses.【Method】 Eight 3-year-old Yili horses (stallions) were selected as test subjects.A 3-month speed specific performance training program was conducted, and a speed test race was organized in the last week of each month of training, and HRV was collected before, immediately after, 0.5 h after, and 1 h after 1 600 m test race.Among them, the time-domain indexes included the mean of all R-R intervals (Mean RR), the standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), the mean heart rate (Mean HR), the root mean square of the difference between adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD), the number of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms (NN50), and the percentage of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms to the total number of heartbeats (pNN50).Frequency domain metrics included very low frequency (VLF), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF) and nonlinear metrics:standard deviation (Y) of all R-R-spacing (SD1), standard deviation (X) of all R-R-spacing (SD2).Consequently, the variability of HRV indexes in horses at different training stages was analyzed.【Result】 The race time in the post training period in 1 600 m speed test race of Yili horses was significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05), and Mean RR, NN50 and pNN50 in the middle and post training periods were significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05).Mean HR in the beginning of training was significantly lower than that in post training (P<0.05).VLF and LF in the end of training were significantly lower than that in the beginning of training (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this test, the HRV indexes of 1 600 m test race of Yili horses in different conditioning training stages were analyzed.The outcomes demonstrated that the types of neural activity in Yili horses at the beginning, middle and end of training presented some differences, showing changes of increased sympathetic excitability and decreased parasympathetic excitability, and the horses' athletic performance improved.Therefore, HRV could be considered as an effective tool to evaluate the training load and intensity of Yili horses during training.     

宁夏东部荒漠草原猪毛蒿光合特征和水分利用效率对降水变化的响应

荒漠草原植物的生长和生存受降水影响很大,本研究以宁夏东部荒漠草原猪毛蒿种群为研究对象,2017-2020年连续4年监测了降水改变条件下土壤水分特征,测定了猪毛蒿净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO₂浓度等光合特征,并对其内禀水分利用效率和瞬时水分利用效率进行了分析。研究表明：4年中无效降水事件(<5mm)发生次数较多,占当年降水频次的60.00%～82.54%;大雨(≥25 mm且≤49.9 mm)和暴雨等级(≥50 mm)降水事件较少,平均单次降水事件的降水量仅为3.3～6.5 mm·次^-1。不同处理各土层的土壤含水量存在较大差异,表层(10 cm)土壤含水量较次表层(20 cm)和深层(60 cm)的变幅大;次表层(20 cm)土壤平均含水量低于表层,与小降水事件发生频次较高无法入渗补给以及植物吸收消耗有关;深层(60 cm)土壤含水量变化小,较稳定。净光合速率随着光合有效辐射的增加而增大,当光合有效辐射在400～1600μmol·m^-2·s^-1时,增雨处理提高了猪毛蒿的净光合速率;在...     

硝酸浓度对火焰-原子吸收光谱法测定牛奶中钙含量的影响

火焰-原子吸收光谱法是《GB 5009.92—2016食品安全国家标准 食品中钙的测定》的第一法,本文通过试验确定硝酸浓度对火焰-原子吸收光谱法测定钙离子具有负干扰的作用。当硝酸浓度<2%时,该作用随着硝酸浓度增大而增大,当硝酸浓度≥2%时,相同钙离子浓度的空白校正信号强度基本不变,因此牛奶样品经过微波消解的前处理,通过调整待测样品的硝酸浓度≥2%,可以有效地消除硝酸浓度对钙离子测定的影响,提高检测结果的准确性,更科学地评价牛奶中钙的含量。     

兰州地区部分奶牛场子宫内膜炎病原菌分离鉴定及抗生素耐药性研究简

为了探明兰州地区奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌区系分布及抗生素耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。笔者对从兰州地区3个规模化奶牛场采集的47份奶牛子宫内膜炎样品进行了细菌分离鉴定,同时对分离鉴定出的4种主要病原菌采用纸片扩散法（K-B法）进行了抗生素耐药性检测。病原菌区系分布结果表明,引起兰州地区奶牛子宫内膜炎的病原菌主要为化脓隐秘杆菌（37.1%）、大肠杆菌（24.2%）、屎肠球菌（22.6%）和无乳链球菌（16.1%）。抗生素耐药性结果表明,4种主要病原菌对大部分抗生素均产生了不同程度的耐药性,尤其是对青霉素、复方新诺明、奥复星和杆菌肽耐药性最为严重,其耐药率为60%～100%。对4种病原菌均较敏感的药物主要有头孢他啶、先锋霉素V和氟苯尼考,其敏感度达100%。     

甘肃省临泽县部分饲草饲料的营养成分分析

从甘肃临泽县８个乡采集饲草饲料样品,用常规分析方法测定其中的干物质、粗蛋白、粗纤维、钙和磷含量,测出了常用的８种饲料共６４个样品的上述营养成分含量。结果表明,不同乡的同种饲草饲料间,多数营养成分相近,且与甘肃省及全国平均水平相近,个别值间存在着一定差异。所得结果可以作为评价当地畜禽饲料营养价值的参考值。     

羊草草地生态系统干湿沉降氮输入量的动态变化

采用自制的雨量收集器及其他设施在松嫩平原的羊草草地收集了1～12月干湿混合沉降物,利用蒸馏法测定了沉降物中的铵态氮和硝态氮及全氮的含量。结合沉降物的体积计算其沉降量,无机氮的年际沉降量约为11.35kg N/hm     

盐化秸秆加精料日粮对绵羊生产性能和消化的影响

本文报道了添加精料对饲喂盐化玉米秸秆的晋中绵羊生产性能、日粮消化的影响。处理组比对照组明显提高了绵羊的日增重、采食量和饲料转化率 (P <0 0 1 )。随着精料水平的提高 ,日粮粗纤维表观消化率下降 (P <0 0 5) ,干物质、有机物和粗蛋白质表观消化率提高 (P <0 0 5) ;肝脏中有关矿物质元素含量、血中酶活性在一定精料范围内提高 (P <0 0 5)。本研究范围内精料添加量为 32 5g/日·只时 ,饲喂效果最好     

猪α-干扰素表达系统及其应用的研究进展

就猪α-干扰素的分子特征、生物学特性、表达系统和猪基因工程α-干扰素的应用进行综述,以期为猪α-干扰素在广谱抗病毒活性、抗肿瘤以及免疫调节的临床应用提供参考。