我国林业经济监测预警系统初探

建立林业经济监测预警系统，是保证林业经济正常运行及其与国民经济协调发展的重要环节。该文对林业经济监测预警系统进行了全面系统的分析研究，提出了系统建设的目标、内容和基本框架，为我国林业经济监测预警系统的建设提供了理论和方法基础。     

不同盐浓度对马铃薯实生苗的影响

三个不同组合的马铃薯实生种子分别播在含有０（ＣＫ），０．２％，０．４％和０．６％ＮａＣｌ处理的土壤和ＭＳ培养基中，以调查ＮａＣｌ对实生种子发芽以及生长发育的影响。结果表明：随着基质中盐浓度的增加，实生种子生长受到抑制就越厉害，土壤中盐浓度达到０．４％时，幼苗的存活率仅为１４．３％～２７．８％，达到０．６％时幼苗全部死亡；ＭＳ培养基中盐分达致电０．４％时，幼苗的存活率为４０％～４６．７％，达到０．６％时为１０％～２３．３％。笔者认为从实生种子中筛选抗（耐）盐品种（系）应先从培养基中开始，做初步淘汰工作，为最终的田间筛选节约大量的时间和工作．     

Antifungal properties of pristimerin and celastrol isolated from Celastrus hypoleucus

Pristimerin and celastrol isolated from the roots of Celastrus hypoleucus (Oliv) Warb f argutior Loes exhibited inhibitory effects against diverse phytopathogenic fungi. Pristimerin and celastrol were found to inhibit the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Glomerella cingulata (Stonem) Spauld & Schrenk in vitro by 83.6 and 62.6%, respectively, at 10 microg ml(-1). Pristimerin showed good preventive effect (96.7% at 100 microg ml(-1)) and curative effect (66.5% at 100 microg ml(-1)) against wheat powdery mildew in vivo. For celastrol, the preventive and curative effects against wheat powdery mildew were 80.5 and 45.4%, respectively, at 100 microg ml(-1).     

Protective immunity induced by a recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing the GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in piglets

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been developed as a vaccine vector for expressing foreign immunogens. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), continues to be a major problem to the pork industry worldwide. Many vaccine strategies have been developed to control the disease but most of them turn out to be unsuccessful. The objective of this research was to explore the feasibility of PRV-based vector vaccine in protection against PRRSV. A live attenuated vaccine-based PRV recombinant expressing the envelope protein GP5 of PRRSV was generated using recombinant DNA techniques. The Bartha-K61-derived recombinant virus, named rPRV-GP5, was shown to express PRRSV GP5 efficiently. Sixteen healthy piglets were assigned to one of four groups (one to four, four pigs per group). Animals in Groups 1 and 2 were each inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally with 10(7.0) PFU of rPRV-GP5 and its parent Bartha-K61, respectively; Group 3 were vaccinated intramuscularly with one-dose of PRRS inactivated vaccine; Group 4 was served as non-vaccinated control. One month later, all animals were all challenged with 10(6.5) TCID(50) of virulent PRRSV CH-1a. All animals in Groups 1 and 3 remained clinically healthy before and after challenge, with only a short period of fever (no more than 41 degrees C and 3 days), mild and gradually improving lung and kidney lesions, and short-term viremia (2 and 3 week, respectively) in spite of no detectable anti-PRRSV antibody before challenge. On the other hand, all animals in the other two groups showed evident clinical signs with higher temperatures (more than 41 degrees C) after challenge, and severe lung, kidney and spleen lesions and extended viremia (4 weeks). The results indicate that the rPRV-GP5 is safe for vaccinates and able to confer significant protection against clinical disease and reduce pathogenic lesions induced by PRRSV challenge in vaccinated pigs.     

日本血吸虫童虫冷冻保藏复苏后生活史循环的研究

本文报告了日本血吸虫童虫经液氮冻藏复苏后的生活史循环的情况。童虫冻藏３６天和５０天后腹腔注射感染小鼠，亲代成虫回收率为９．０和８．９％。感染鼠肝内的子代虫卵孵出的子１代毛蚴感染钉螺，感染率为５９和６７％；平均每个钉螺第１次逸出的子１代尾蚴数为８００～９００条。子１代尾蚴感染小鼠后，其子１代成虫回收率为５５和５６％。合抱雌、雄成虫的体长、性腺的发育和虫体对宿主的致病力与正常途径感染者无明显差异。     

Electromigration profiles of Cynomorium songaricum based on capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection

A high-performance capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection (CE-AD) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of the pharmacologically active ingredients in Cynomorium songaricum in this work. Under the optimum conditions, phloridzin, epicatechin, catechin, naringenin, rutin, luteolin, quercetin, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid can be well separated or nearly baseline separated (epicatechin and catechin peaks) within 31 min at the separation voltage of 14 kV in a 50 mmol L(-1) Borax running buffer (pH 9.0). Detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 5.7 x 10(-8) to 8.5 x 10(-9) g mL(-1) for all nine analytes. This procedure was successfully used for the analysis and comparison of the content difference of C. songaricum samples collected from different places based on their electrophorograms or "electromigration profiles".     

小麦植株和麦田土壤莠去津残留气相色谱分析方法研究

本研究确立了乙腈振荡提取、弗罗里硅土SPE小柱净化小麦植株和麦田土壤中莠去津残留样本的前处理方法,建立了柱程序升温、GC-NPD残留样品检测方法.结果表明,优化色谱条件下,莠去津的色谱保留时间为5.97 min,在0.105～54.0 mg/L浓度范围内,莠去津浓度与其色谱峰面积在GC-NPD上线性响应良好,回归方程为Y=38.79X-120.34(R2=0.998 8).莠去津在小麦植株和麦田土壤中0.05～1mg/kg的3个水平的加标回收率均大于75％,各添加水平3次平行测定值的RSD均小于7％.其准确度和精密度均符合农药残留分析的要求.该色谱条件下仪器的最低检出量为0.38 ng,方法的最低检出浓度为0.018 mg/kg(植株)和0.021 mg/kg(麦田土壤),此检测灵敏度可以满足该农药在小麦植株和麦田土壤中残留的定量检测要求.     

间作对甜玉米田主要害虫与天敌动态的影响

为明确甜玉米间作不同作物对害虫的控制作用,采用目测法系统调查了甜玉米单作、甜玉米与绿豆、菜豆、甘薯或花生间作生境玉米主要害虫和天敌种群发生动态,并比较了不同生境亚洲玉米螟的为害情况。间作生境中捕食性天敌蜘蛛和瓢虫类群的个体数量均明显增加,其中甜玉米间作绿豆或甘薯生境蜘蛛类群增长21%以上,瓢虫类群增长83%以上,显著高于甜玉米单作生境;不同生境间玉米螟赤眼蜂发生量差异不显著,对亚洲玉米螟卵的寄生率均达到86%以上。间作生境玉米生育期内亚洲玉米螟落卵量、斜纹夜蛾及玉米蚜发生量均与甜玉米单作无显著差异,但收获期甜玉米间作生境玉米螟为害率低于单作生境,其中以甜玉米间作绿豆生境最低,总蛀孔数和活虫数分别比单作生境下降55.72%和76.70%。表明间作不同作物对甜玉米田具有一定的控害增益作用。     

多拉菌素5%乳油防治甘蓝小菜蛾田间药效试验

多拉菌素5%乳油防治甘蓝小菜蛾,按推荐剂量5~15mL/667m2试验,结果表明,对1~3龄幼虫效果较明显,最佳施药时期为小菜蛾1~3龄期。防治效果最高可达95.22%。     

冷藏箱在堆场管理中的监管体系研究

针对集装箱码头在冷藏箱的日常管理过程中容易出现的管理风险,提出建立一套多岗位、全覆盖、互相校验的冷藏箱监管体系,希望通过体系的设置和完善,减轻码头对冷藏箱监管不当造成的货损,提高管理效率,保证冷藏箱货物质量．