溴尿嘧啶处理受精卵对中国对虾抗病和生长的影响

以5-溴尿嘧啶(5-Bromouracil,5-BrUra)为诱变剂,分别以前期实验在半致死条件下获得的处理浓度、时间组合0.5 mg/ml 9 h(0.5～9)、0.3 mg/ml 16 h(0.3～16)来处理受精卵,培养获得诱变材料,对处理群体抗病力和生长性状进行分析,探讨化学诱变剂对中国对虾Fenneropenaeus chinensis抗白斑综合征病毒(White Spot Syndrome Virus,WSSV)能力和生长的影响.WSSV攻毒实验结果表明,0.5～9处理组、0.3～16处理组和对照组存活时间分别为77.20±3.71 h、74.57±2.88 h和81.45±2.98 h,三者之间不存在显著差异,说明在本实验条件下,5-溴尿嘧啶处理受精卵不能显著提高中国对虾对WSSV的抵抗能力(P>0.05).生长实验结果表明,在实验开始第21天至第60天之间,两处理组特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组;实验结束时,经过5-溴尿嘧啶处理的中国对虾群体的体长、体重日增长率显著高于对照组,且两个处理组之间没有显著差异,表明经5-溴尿嘧啶处理可能促进中国对虾的生长.但这些生长特性能否稳定遗传给后代尚需进一步研究.     

气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)测定蔬菜中甲基对硫磷农药和呋喃丹的优化

利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)同时测定及确定蔬菜中甲基对硫磷农药和克百威(呋喃丹)的残留量。研究了振荡提取时间、提取剂用量、盐加入量、浓缩条件等操作条件对分析方法的影响。得到的优化分析条件如下:振荡提取时间为90 min、提取剂用量为70 mL、盐加入量为3 g、浓缩条件为温度50℃低压0.09 atm;该方法的相对标准偏差<10%,样品的加标回收率为甲基对硫磷82.5%、克百威为93.5%。本方法可以满足这2种杀虫剂在蔬菜中的检测要求。     

中草药淫羊藿和菟丝子对日本鳗鲡卵巢发育的影响

在水温(21±1)℃下,给体重(592.5±52.5) g的日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)雌亲鱼投喂每千克体重含0.034 g淫羊藿和0.034 g菟丝子浸膏的饲料90 d,对照组投喂人工配合饲料,研究淫羊藿和菟丝子对卵巢发育的影响。结果显示,饲料中添加淫羊藿和菟丝子的雌鱼卵巢大部分卵母细胞属第Ⅱ时相,性腺指数和肝体比均显著高于对照组(P0.05);卵母细胞油滴明显增多,部分卵母细胞胞质已充满油滴,核仁变小增多;血清雌二醇(E2)和11-酮基睾酮(11-KT)水平显著升高(P0.05),实验组11-KT含量约为对照组的4倍;肝脏卵黄蛋白原基因vtg表达量升高,实验组和对照组卵巢cyp19a1仅微量表达,肝脏未检测到erα和erβ的表达;实验组肌肉总脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),最主要的高度不饱和脂肪酸花生四烯酸(AA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。本研究表明,在亲鱼培育饲料中添加中草药淫羊藿和菟丝子促进了日本鳗鲡卵母细胞油滴和肝脏卵黄蛋白原增加,提高了肌肉高不饱和脂肪酸的积累,为卵黄生成和卵母细胞进一步发育做好更充分的准备。     

放牧与围栏内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物生物量碳、氮变化及微生物群落结构PLFA分析

以内蒙古贝加尔针茅草原、大针茅草原和克氏针茅草原为研究对象,采用氯仿熏蒸法和磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）分析方法研究了放牧与围栏条件下内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物生物量和群落结构特征的变化情况。研究表明放牧与围栏草地土壤微生物生物量和群落结构差异显著。氯仿熏蒸法分析结果表明内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物生物量碳的含量介于166.6-703.5mg·kg^-1之间,微生物生物量氮含量介于30.34-92.15mg·kg^-1之间,其中贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物生物量碳、氮最高,大针茅草原次之,克氏针茅草原则最低。放牧条件下,贝加尔针茅草原、大针茅草原土壤微生物生物量碳、氮显著低于围栏草地,克氏针茅草原则无显著变化。PLFA分析结果显示,内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物群落PLFAs种类、含量丰富,共检测出28种PLFA生物标记磷脂脂肪酸,并且以直链饱和脂肪酸和支链饱和脂肪酸为主,相对含量占总量的2/3左右,其中贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物含量最丰富,其围栏样地土壤的PLFA含量达到27.3nmol·g-1,大针茅草原和克氏针茅草原依次降低。围栏条件下,各类型草原土壤细菌脂肪酸与总PLFA含量均显著高于放牧草地,真菌脂肪酸含量则因草原类型不同各有差异;放牧导致各类型草原革兰氏阳性细菌PLFAs/革兰氏阴性细菌PLFAs（GPPLFAs/GNPLFAs）比值显著降低,而除了克氏针茅草原,细菌PLFAs/真菌PLFAs比值则显著升高。PLFAs主成分分析表明,放牧和围栏处理对内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物群落结构产生影响,且围栏处理的影响程度大于放牧处理。经相关分析表明,氯仿熏蒸法和PLFA分析方法之间有很好的一致性,且土壤微生物PLFAs与土壤有机质、全磷、硝态氮显著相关。     

Construction and Immunogenicity Analysis of Recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum Expressing ORF2 Gene of Porcine Circovirus Type 2

To develop an effective vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), ORF2 gene was cloned into a Lactobacillus plantarum (L.plantarum) pSCPSP under the control of a SCP promoter to construct recombinant plasmid pSCPSP-Cap that was transformed into LP1 by electroporation. Extracellular expression of the Cap protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis. Afterwards, 8-week-old SPF BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, carrier group, lavage group, group of drinking water and inactived vaccine group. After 14,28,42 and 56 d, mice serums were collected to evaluate the level of specific antibody by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Eventually, SDS-PAGE and Western blotting results indicated that the Cap protein of PCV2 could be efficiently expressed in L. plantarum, expression of protein molecular weight was 28 ku and with good immunogenicity. In addition, higher levels of specific antibody in the serum of mice was observed by oral administration with L. plantarum expressing the PCV2 Cap antigen (P<0.05). In conclusion, the ORF2 gene of PCV2 could be successfully expressed in recombinant L. plantarum and expressed protein with good biological activity, which would lay the foundation for the development of PCV2 oral vaccination.     

印楝的世界地理分布与引种栽培概况

印楝在原产地和广泛引种的地区被誉为神奇之树，在热带干旱和半干旱地区的植被恢复和环境治理中发挥了重要作用。印楝的起源地被认为是印－巴次大陆及和东南亚的干旱地区，约一百年前引种非洲和拉丁美洲。中国最早于20世纪80年代引种于雷州半岛和海南，1995年引种云南干热河谷地区，种植面积正迅速扩大。     

铬污染地区芦苇(Phragmites australis L.)生理特征分析

采用现场采集样品及室内测试方法,对生长在某铬污染区内,距污染源10 m和100 m的芦苇叶片光合及抗氧化特征进行分析.结果显示,距污染源10 m处芦苇叶绿素含量低于100 m处,类胡萝卜素含量几乎一致,而污染区内两处芦苇光合色素含量均明显高于非污染区;污染区内芦苇叶片叶绿体吸收光谱、低温荧光发射光谱及叶绿素荧光参数与非污染区一致,表明污染区芦苇光合作用光反应能正常进行;SOD与CAT活性均明显高于非污染区,其中10 m处两种酶活性略高于100 m处;丙二醛含量与非污染区基本相同,说明污染区芦苇叶片未受到严重氧化损伤.     

Impacts of wetting-drying cycles on short-term carbon and nitrogen dynamics in Amynthas earthworm casts

Effects of earthworm casts on soil nutrient dynamics and their responses to changing moisture availability in subtropical ecosystems remain poorly understood. This study aimed to examine short-term carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) dynamics and their interactions with wetting-drying cycles in three different structural forms(i.e., granular, globular, and heap-like) of Amynthas earthworm casts. The rates of C and N mineralization in the earthworm casts were examined under two different wetting-drying cycles(i.e., 2-d and 4-d wetting intervals) using a rainfall simulation experiment. After three simulated rainfall events, subsamples of the earthworm casts were further incubated for 4 d for the determination of CO_2 and N_2O fluxes. The results of this study indicated that the impacts of wetting-drying cycles on the short-term C and N dynamics were highly variable among the three cast forms, but wetting-drying cycles significantly reduced the cumulative CO_2 and N_2O fluxes by 62%–83% and 57%–85%, respectively, when compared to the control without being subjected to any rainfall events. The C mineralization rates in different cast forms were affected by the amount of organic substrates and N content in casts, which were associated with the food preference and selection of earthworms. Meanwhile, the cumulative N_2O fluxes did not differ among the three cast forms. Repeated wetting and drying of casts not only enhanced aggregate stability by promoting bonds between the cast particles, but also inhibited microbial survival and growth during the prolonged drying period, which together hindered decomposition and denitrification. Our findings demonstrated that the interactions between the structural forms, aggregate dynamics, and C and N cycling in the earthworm casts were highly complex.     

家兔中microRNA的研究进展

microRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性非编码单链RNA分子,通过与靶基因mRNA配对以指导其功能表达,在动物中扮演着重要的基因调节作用。研究表明,miRNA广泛参与调节动物的生长发育、生殖调控、新陈代谢和疾病发生等生命过程。本文综述了miRNA在家兔中的研究,例如促进肌肉细胞增殖分化、调节脂肪代谢和影响疾病发生等,探讨miRNA在家兔中的研究现状和发展方向,旨在为家兔遗传育种与繁殖提供理论依据。     

果胶酶对铜绿微囊藻蛋白表达的影响

为研究果胶酶对铜绿微囊藻蛋白表达的影响并寻找有价值的蛋白质分子水平上的差异,分别在光照和黑暗条件下采用果胶酶处理铜绿微囊藻,获取藻细胞全蛋白。采用SDS-PAGE电泳分离藻细胞全蛋白,比较光照和黑暗条件下的藻蛋白表达差异。结果显示,一类分子量约42ku的蛋白丰度存在显著差异,光照条件是果胶酶对铜绿微囊藻起抑制作用的一个敏感条件。MALDI串联飞行时间质谱仪分析和SwissPort数据库检索结果表明,该蛋白为功能未知的新蛋白且与真核生物actin蛋白有可信的匹配分值。