马冈鹅肠胚后发育的组织学观察

将72只5~110d马冈鹅(各半)按不同日龄随机分为9组,先后取十二指肠、空肠、回肠和直肠,应用常规组织学技术和Tiger细胞图像分析系统进行观测。结果表明:各部肠管管壁分粘膜、肌层和浆膜三层,无粘膜下层;绒毛既有分支,也有融合现象;肠腺主要是单管状腺,但也有分支管状腺;粘膜上皮中柱状细胞从前向后逐渐减少,而杯状细胞则相应逐渐增多;肠腺中的柱状细胞则由前向后逐渐增多,杯状细胞相应减少;肌层分内纵、中环、外纵三层,内、外两肌层厚度近似,中环肌最厚,内有明显的结缔组织间隔带分布,小肠段呈有规律的"竹节"状;粘膜皱襞不发达,少数皱襞由粘膜、内纵和中环肌层共同构成;肠壁内淋巴组织丰富,在肌层之间及肌层内均可见淋巴小结,肌层内也有神经丛和神经纤维束的断面;绒毛高度发育的绝对生长高峰期在26d以前,但绒毛直径的发育无明显的阶段性。     

菊花发酵乳饮料工艺优化

以菊花提取液和鲜牛奶为主要原料,杀菌后接种乳酸菌进行乳酸发酵,通过单因素与正交试验确定原料的配比、发酵条件及产品的配方。结果表明,原料最佳配比为菊花提取汁20％、蔗糖8％、鲜牛奶40％;制备该乳饮料的最佳发酵工艺条件为接种量3％、发酵时间4h、温度42℃。     

Interindividual variability in plasma concentrations after systemic exposure of swine to dietary doxycycline supplied with and without paracetamol: a population pharmacokinetic approach

Anorexigenic substances released during infection may hinder the therapeutic efficacy of in-feed antibiotics. Paracetamol (acetaminophen; PARA) inhibits the anorexia of infection and seems to improve the clinical efficacy of doxycycline (DOX) against bacterial respiratory disease in swine herds. In order to verify whether PARA selectively stimulates intake of DOX-medicated feed in diseased pigs, we documented the pharmacokinetics (PK) of DOX when coadministered with PARA and examined the effect of in-feed PARA on the interindividual variability in plasma concentrations after systemic exposure to in-feed DOX in swine herds with respiratory disease. Systemic exposure to DOX was measured with the area under the curve (AUC) of its plasma concentrations over time. First, a rich-sampling PK study of in-feed and i.v. DOX (10 mg/kg of BW) and PARA (30 and 10 mg/kg of BW, respectively) was performed on 5 pigs. The PK profiles of in-feed DOX were used in mathematical simulations to determine 5 optimal sampling times for the farm-based population PK study. A randomized, blind, parallel PK study was performed in 2 herds with bacterial respiratory disease, where liquid feed was fortified with DOX alone (5 mg x kg of BW(-1) x meal(-1)) or combined with PARA (15 mg x kg of BW(-1) x meal(-1)). Medicated meals were given twice, 12 h apart, to group-housed growing pigs (n > 50 pigs x treatment(-1) x herd(-1), totaling 215 pigs). Plasma concentrations of DOX and PARA were measured with HPLC. At variance with our expectations, PARA decreased (P = 0.069) mean AUC of in-feed DOX and did not decrease its variability (P > 0.34). Mean AUC of DOX increased with feed intake and with initial exposure to DOX, and was greater in sick animals. Therefore, symptomatic PARA-induced improvement in bacterial respiratory disease control with DOX is more likely caused by its analgesic/antipyretic effects than by its orexigenic effect. Interindividual variation in the AUC of DOX was large in pigs given group medication, even when sufficient feeding space was allowed and the amount of feed offered was greater than their requirements. Therefore, future studies to improve the efficacy of group antibiotic therapy should focus on feeding behavior characteristics as well as biopharmaceutical properties of medicated feeds.     

半胱胺对藏绵羊断奶羔羊瘤胃pH值、总脱氢酶及TVFA的影响

试验研究了半胱胺(Cs)对藏绵羊断奶羔羊瘤胃pH值、总脱氢酶及TVFA的影响。将10只(公母各半)80日龄左右、体重平均为(16.00±0.31)kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的藏绵羊断奶羔羊随机分为2组(试验组和对照组),在日粮精料中添加300 mg/(kg·BW)的Cs,隔日添加1次,试验期42 d。正式试验当日及试验第7、14、21、28、35天的7:00、9:00、11:00、13:00、15:00、17:00、19:00、21:00、23:00、1:00、3:00、5:00于颈静脉采血样10 mL,同时采集瘤胃液10 mL,测定瘤胃pH值、总脱氢酶的活性和TVFA。检测结果表明,试验组精料中添加Cs使藏绵羊断奶羔羊瘤胃液pH值升高;血清尿素氮浓度降低,与对照组相比差异极显著(P0.01);瘤胃液总脱氢酶活力提高极其明显(P0.01);整个试验期内,半胱胺对瘤胃TVFA的影响极显著(P0.01)。     

改进杂交晚稻育秧方式预防水稻黑条矮缩病

对比试验结果表明,杂交晚稻秧田不施或少施基肥和苗肥,培育青色、青黄色健壮秧苗,适当增加大田插本数,可以显著减少水稻黑条矮缩病发病率,增加产量。在对照区平均丛发病率12.8%,平均单产435.5kg/亩情况下,秧田不施肥,大田每丛插2本苗的丛发病率可控制在1%左右,亩产增加100kg上下。     

烟叶烘房的温度检测系统设计

以LPC932为核心.采用SHT10数字温度传感器采集温度,设计一种基于单片机的烟叶烘房温度检测系统,并给出系统的硬件电路和软件设计.该系统能实现温度的实时显示,具有电路简单、成本低、功耗小、体积小、检测效果好等优点,有较高的实用价值.     

小型甘蔗收获机切梢装置液压系统的设计及试验

针对蔗梢在榨糖过程中会降低甘蔗的出糖率,以及蔗梢部分进入甘蔗收割机物流系统不利于物流系统的正常运转、堵塞物流通道等问题,在原有物理样机上加装切梢装置。通过对切梢装置运动要求的分析,设计了切梢装置的液压传动系统,并用AMESim软件对系统进行了建模仿真分析;同时,试验分析了切梢装置马达的动态特性,并得到马达在不同状态下的动态特性变化,验证了方案的可行性;最后,通过田间试验测试了切梢装置液压系统流量及压力的变化,并获得了其在田间实际工作时消耗的功率。     

混合动力汽车传动系优化匹配

针对扭矩复合型式的并联混合动力汽车,在循环工况和多能源系统能量控制策略确定的前提下,提出了基于复合形原理的动力传动系全局优化算法。该优化算法将燃油消耗作为评价动力优化匹配的依据,以汽车动力性能指标要求模糊化和电池能量平衡为约束条件,对其动力传动系速比进行优化匹配,通过一个具体实例进行了验证和说明。     

国家出资人代表对国资委的公法责任研究

公司中经国资委委派或推选的董事及监事,负有公法上的国有资产经营监督职责,其对国资委当承担公法责任。当前的责任制度设计,多围绕其董事、监事的私法身份展开,无法为公法责任的追究提供充分的依据。经济处罚、行政处分及禁入限制等制度存在诸多缺陷,不能满足实践的需要。为此,需从国家出资人代表公法责任的来源入手,分析现行责任方式的正当性与合法性,围绕国家出资人代表的公职特性构建其公法责任。     

The Knockdown Resistance (kdr) Mutation in Pyrethroid-Resistant German Cockroaches

A point mutation in thepara-homologous sodium channel gene has been shown to be associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) in several insect species including the German cockroach. In this study, we analyzed the genomic organization of the region where thekdrmutation resides and then performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing using genomic DNA as the template to detectkdrmutation in 24 pyrethroid-resistant German cockroach strains, most of which have been collected recently from the field. Thekdrmutation, G to C at nt 2979 resulting in a leucine to phenylalanine amino acid substitution, was detected in 20 strains including 2 strains from overseas (China and Germany). Our results clearly indicate that thekdrmutation is widespread in German cockroach populations. However, the super-kdrmutation detected in super-kdrhouse flies was not found in any of the 4 strains that showed higher levels of knockdown resistance. Little correlation was observed between the presence of thekdrmutation and the level of knockdown resistance, suggesting the existence of multiple resistance mechanisms in many of these strains.