新冠疫情对牧区半牧区草原畜牧业的影响及建议

基于全国13个省(区)牧区和半农半牧区的线上调研数据,定量分析了新冠疫情发生对农牧民生活和生产的影响。结果表明:疫情对牧区半牧区生产生活带来一定影响,但整体来看影响低于东南沿海地区。储备饲草料习惯、家畜饲养规模和家庭净收入对农牧民抵御疫情影响的能力具有显著影响。牧区半牧区发展在此次抗击新冠疫情中表现出一定的适应能力,是我国牧区政策、牧区地缘优势和农牧民生产生活习惯共同作用的结果。针对牧区存在的风险与发展短板,从完善牧区政策和市场条件、创新生产模式和社会化服务模式及加强基础建设等方面提出建议,以期为牧区半牧区草原畜牧业平稳有序发展提供科技支撑。     

土壤—作物资源多目标优化配置分析

本文提出一种多目标土壤—作物资源优化配置的数量化分析方法,并对江苏省东海县土壤资源进行优化配置。结果表明：白浆土、岭砂土、包浆土、紫砂土等岗岭低产土应稳定小麦面积,压缩玉米面积,优先发展春花生、大豆、水稻;洼地砂姜黑土、水稻土应发展小麦—水稻和小麦—玉米两熟制,并适时换茬;介于上述两类土壤间的潮棕壤亚类和潮土类应大力发展小麦—花生两熟制。     

腐蹄病C型节瘤拟杆菌纤毛蛋白基因T程疫苗对家兔的免疫试验

将转化C型节瘤拟杆菌纤毛蛋白基因表达子粒的工程菌PAK/2pfsC在含羧苄青霉素营养肉汤培养基中培养,用MgCl2法在培养物上清中提取表达产物(纤毛蛋白).将表达的纤毛蛋白产物用弗氏完全佐剂乳化,制成疫苗.用疫苗免疫3只健康家兔,21 d后再次接种;定期采血,用对流免疫电泳和K凝集实验检测试验家兔的体液免疫应答及抗体水平.结果发现,免疫7 d即可产生相应抗体,21 d后抗体效价达到8 000×以上,而且高滴度抗体可维持6个月以上.试验表明,腐蹄病C型节瘤拟杆菌纤毛蛋白基因工程疫苗具有较好的免疫应答和免疫原性.     

Interindividual variability in plasma concentrations after systemic exposure of swine to dietary doxycycline supplied with and without paracetamol: a population pharmacokinetic approach

Anorexigenic substances released during infection may hinder the therapeutic efficacy of in-feed antibiotics. Paracetamol (acetaminophen; PARA) inhibits the anorexia of infection and seems to improve the clinical efficacy of doxycycline (DOX) against bacterial respiratory disease in swine herds. In order to verify whether PARA selectively stimulates intake of DOX-medicated feed in diseased pigs, we documented the pharmacokinetics (PK) of DOX when coadministered with PARA and examined the effect of in-feed PARA on the interindividual variability in plasma concentrations after systemic exposure to in-feed DOX in swine herds with respiratory disease. Systemic exposure to DOX was measured with the area under the curve (AUC) of its plasma concentrations over time. First, a rich-sampling PK study of in-feed and i.v. DOX (10 mg/kg of BW) and PARA (30 and 10 mg/kg of BW, respectively) was performed on 5 pigs. The PK profiles of in-feed DOX were used in mathematical simulations to determine 5 optimal sampling times for the farm-based population PK study. A randomized, blind, parallel PK study was performed in 2 herds with bacterial respiratory disease, where liquid feed was fortified with DOX alone (5 mg x kg of BW(-1) x meal(-1)) or combined with PARA (15 mg x kg of BW(-1) x meal(-1)). Medicated meals were given twice, 12 h apart, to group-housed growing pigs (n > 50 pigs x treatment(-1) x herd(-1), totaling 215 pigs). Plasma concentrations of DOX and PARA were measured with HPLC. At variance with our expectations, PARA decreased (P = 0.069) mean AUC of in-feed DOX and did not decrease its variability (P > 0.34). Mean AUC of DOX increased with feed intake and with initial exposure to DOX, and was greater in sick animals. Therefore, symptomatic PARA-induced improvement in bacterial respiratory disease control with DOX is more likely caused by its analgesic/antipyretic effects than by its orexigenic effect. Interindividual variation in the AUC of DOX was large in pigs given group medication, even when sufficient feeding space was allowed and the amount of feed offered was greater than their requirements. Therefore, future studies to improve the efficacy of group antibiotic therapy should focus on feeding behavior characteristics as well as biopharmaceutical properties of medicated feeds.     

γ-氨基丁酸对夏季生长肥育猪血清生化指标的影响

将48头体重43kg左右的"杜×长×大"三元杂交猪随机分成两组,饲喂在基础日粮中添加0、10mg/kgGABA的日粮。结果表明:添加GABA使血清中钙、磷、钾、氯4种无机离子浓度提高,差异不显著(P>0.05);总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮水平有提高趋势,差异不显著(P>0.05),葡萄糖水平提高13.29%,差异显著(P<0.05);丙氨酸转氨酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶活性上升,差异不显著(P>0.05),乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸磷酸激酶活性分别下降16.93%(P<0.05)、38.22%(P<0.01);谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均有上升,其中GSH-Px差异极显著(P<0.01),丙二醛含量下降(P>0.05)。     

基于套算法和消化率计算法估测肉鸭饲料原料代谢能的比较研究

本试验旨在研究2种计算方式对肉鸭饲料原料代谢能（ME）的影响,为采用生物学法测定肉鸭饲料原料ME时选择合适的计算方式提供参考。本研究分为2个试验。试验一：采用绝食法分5个批次测定肉鸭内源能损失的变异,同时通过排空强饲法测定10个肉鸭饲料原料配制的试验饲粮的ME,并通过2种公式计算各待测饲料原料的ME,公式1（套算法）根据基础饲粮、试验饲粮的ME及试验饲粮中基础饲粮的比例计算待测饲料原料的ME;公式2（消化率计算法）通过待测饲料原料的能量消化率乘以待测饲料原料的总能得出ME。试验二：以试验一中的10个肉鸭饲料原料配制10种验证饲粮,采用排空强饲法测定其ME,同时根据饲粮中各原料的比例及试验一中2种计算方式得出的原料ME计算饲粮的ME,比较饲粮ME计算值与实测值的差异。结果显示：1）在内源粪排泄量及内源能损失的差异上,1～3批次显著地低于4～5批次（P<0.05）,内源粪排泄量与内源能损失变异系数分别在8.21%～12.20%和9.37%～15.35%变化;2）在2种计算方式间,玉米及棉籽粕的表观代谢能（AME）和真代谢能（TME）均有显著差异（P<0.05）;3）根据公式1和...     

植物-土壤微生物反馈在草地演替过程中的作用机制

植物-土壤反馈影响生态系统结构、功能及过程,推动植物群落组成的变化,对解释植物群落的演替进程和方向、维持植物群落多样性和稳定性有着重要意义,已成为近年生物学和生态学研究热点。植物-土壤微生物反馈是植物-土壤反馈的重要组成部分。重点综述植物-土壤微生物反馈在植物群落演替过程中的作用机制,简要指出目前研究中存在的不足,并对未来研究中值得重点关注的科学问题进行了探讨与展望。     

2020年山东省牛羊疫病报告及监测数据分析

为了解山东省牛羊疫病的流行及免疫现状,汇总2020年山东省牛羊疫病报告数据以及监测数据等信息,分析牛羊疫病的时间分布、空间分布及病种分布;结合监测情况,分析牛羊疫病的免疫状况和暴发风险.2020年山东省牛病以新生犊牛腹泻、牛病毒性腹泻和牛传染性鼻气管炎为主,突发输入性牛结节性皮肤病,羊病以沙门氏菌病、绵羊疥癣和布鲁氏菌...     

家蚕表皮基因BmGCP2的克隆及表达谱分析

从家蚕(Bombyxmori)表皮中克隆了一个高丰度表达的基因,根据其编码的氨基酸序列特征,发现是一个富含甘氨酸的表皮蛋白,将该基因命名为BmGCP2(GenBank登录号:EU980611)。进一步对BmGCP2基因进行了组织表达谱和发育时期表达谱分析,发现该基因在家蚕表皮中特异高表达,并且这种高表达一直从家蚕的胚胎发育后期持续到蛾期,表明BmGCP2基因编码的表皮蛋白是家蚕外骨骼的重要组成成分之一。     

犬河苯二酚中毒2例

间苯二酚,商品名雷锁辛或雷锁酚.据报道该品3%～25%的水溶液或油膏涂在皮肤上可引起皮肤损害,并可被吸收中毒引起死亡.长期低浓度接触,可引起呼吸道刺激症状及皮肤损害.