农杆菌介导法将反义蜡质基因转入杂交稻亲本

通过农杆菌介导法将反义蜡质基因导入特青(OryzasativaL.subsp.indica)和广粳1号(OryzasativaL.subsp.japonica)这两个杂交稻亲本的愈伤组织中,获得了经PCR检测证明外源基因已整合进植物基因组中的再生植株,其中含潮霉素抗性基因的植株有6株,但仅有2株能够扩增出反义蜡质基因的特异条带,其原因可能是在转基因植株中出现了基因丢失或沉默现象。试验表明,粳型稻广粳1号的不同外植体(成熟胚、幼胚、幼穗、花药)的愈伤诱导率比特青的高,且随着继代时间的延长,不同基因型水稻诱导的愈伤之间的转化率存在着极显著性差异(P<0.01);经过转染的水稻愈伤在一定的筛选压力下会出现“逃逸”现象,抗性筛选后成活愈伤PCR检测发现广粳1号和特青的愈伤转化率只有44.4%和29.4%;不同凝固剂对愈伤诱导的质量有着明显的影响,植物凝胶作凝固剂比琼脂作凝固剂时的愈伤褐化率低。     

Evaluation of Caspase-3 and Ki-67 expression in squamous cell hyperplasia of the stomach induced by Platycodi radix water extract in Sprague–Dawley rats

Platycodi radix is widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. This study aimed to investigate cell proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (Caspase-3) potential in squamous cell hyperplasia of the stomach induced by a Platycodi radix water extract in a subchronic toxicity study. One hundred formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded stomach tissues of rats treated with Platycodi radix at doses of 0, 500, 1,000, and 3,000 mg/kg body weight/day were used for the analysis. They were conventionally stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemically (IHC) stained using caspase-3 and Ki-67 antibodies. The incidence of squamous cell hyperplasia was significantly increased in the 3,000 mg/kg b.w./day treatment group in both sexes (p<0.01). However, the hyperplastic change was completely repaired after 4 weeks of recovery period. Ki-67 expression was similar in all groups, with no statistically significant differences among the groups. Caspase-3 expression was significantly increased in both sexes in the 3,000 mg/kg b.w./day treatment group (p<0.01), compared with the vehicle control groups, and then reduced to normal levels in the recovery groups in both sexes. In conclusion, this study showed that squamous cell hyperplasia induced by the Platycodi radix water extract in the limiting ridge of the stomach is not considered to be abnormal proliferative change; as a result, squamous cell hyperplasia is considered to be a non-adverse effect when induced by the oral administration of the Platycodi radix water extract once daily for 13 weeks in rats.     

47份月季品种表型多样性分析及综合评价

[目的]分析47份月季品种11个表型性状指标,旨在探明不同月季种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性,为月季种质资源的选育和高效利用提供参考.[方法]以47份月季品种为材料,对花色(FC)、瓣型(PT)、花类型(FT)、花头类型(NFT)、花形(FS)、花香(FF)、小叶数(LN)、顶端小叶形状(ALS)、刺状态(TS)、刺颜色...     

人参皂苷Rg3(R),Rg3(S),Rg5/Rk1对乙醇致小鼠记忆阻碍改善作用的影响

采用被动回避穿越法研究了人参皂苷Rg3(R),Rg3(S)和Rg5/Rk1(1∶1)对乙醇致小鼠记忆阻碍改善作用的影响。结果表明:灌服人参皂苷Rg3(R),Rg3(S)和Rg5/Rk110 mg/kg后,显著延长了小鼠避暗的潜伏期,尤其以人参皂苷Rg5/Rk1作用最为显著,Rg5/Rk1处理组的潜伏期是对照组的2.97倍,Rg3(R),Rg3(S)分别为对照组的2.35和2.53倍,差异极显著(P<0.01)。说明这些化合物具有改善乙醇致小鼠的记忆障碍的能力。     

陕西关中地区小麦田禾谷缢管蚜对7种杀虫剂的抗性监测

为明确陕西关中地区麦蚜田间种群对杀虫剂的抗药性现状,采用浸叶法测定了兴平、礼泉、凤翔、岐山、扶风地区麦田禾谷缢管蚜种群对高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、吡虫啉、异丙威、毒死蜱、阿维菌素、氟啶虫胺腈等7种杀虫剂的抗性水平。结果表明,禾谷缢管蚜对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性水平最高,其中凤翔种群对高效氯氰菊酯达到高水平抗性(抗性倍数为72.5),岐山和扶风种群对该药产生中等水平抗性(抗性倍数分别为31.4、29.9);5个地区的禾谷缢管蚜对溴氰菊酯、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、异丙威和阿维菌素的抗性水平较低,表现为敏感、敏感性下降或者低抗性;5个地区的试虫对氟啶虫胺腈均表现为敏感。分析认为,高效氯氰菊酯不适合用于关中地区禾谷缢管蚜防治,氟啶虫胺腈作为一种新型杀虫剂,可以在该虫防治中推广使用,吡虫啉、阿维菌素等其他几种杀虫剂可以在禾谷缢管蚜的防治中交替使用。     

基于声振信号对称极坐标图像的苹果霉心病早期检测

为实现苹果早期霉心病较高精度的检测,该研究采用对称极坐标法（Symmetrized Dot Pattern,SDP）将苹果声振信号变换为雪花图,然后采用AlexNet、VGG16和ResNet50卷积神经网络以迁移学习方式深度挖掘SDP雪花图像的特征信息,将其输入到支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）分类器,对霉心程度≤7%的苹果进行检测。研究结果表明,当时间间隔系数为25和角度放大因子为50°时,健康果与早期霉心果声振信号的SDP图形状特征差异最大,在此条件下获取的SDP图经卷积神经网络AlexNet、VGG16和ResNet50提取特征并构建了不同核函数的SVM霉心果检测模型,在各类SVM模型中,ResNet50-SVM-gaus（高斯基）模型用相对较少的训练时间和参数量可取得训练集霉心果较高分类准确率,经超参数优化训练该模型对健康果和早期霉心果测试集不平衡样本（10∶1）的总体分类准确率达到96.97%,平均查准率、平均查全率、平均加权调和均值、Kappa系数和马修斯相关系数值分别为80.19%、90.36%、86.21%,82.54%和82.68%,该模型不仅对多数类的健康果保持较高分类准确率,而且对少数类的早期霉心果也具有较高判别能力。这些研究结果为声振法应用于果蔬内部病害的早期在线检测系统研发提供了技术支撑。     

低温等离子体耦合Fe2O3催化剂去除粮食仓储环境中磷化氢

为了探究低温等离子体（Non-Thermal Plasma,NTP）耦合催化剂对粮仓中磷化氢（PH3）的去除效果,该文采用介质阻挡放电低温等离子体与催化剂耦合的反应装置,研究了NTP与Fe2O3催化剂耦合对PH3去除率的影响,并对耦合反应后的催化剂进行表征,分析产物及反应机理。结果表明,载体和催化剂与NTP耦合改变了NTP的放电状态,提高了PH3去除率;不同载体负载Fe2O3后,在输入功率超过53 W时,NTP与Fe2O3催化剂耦合对PH3去除率均高于无填充,Fe2O3/Al2O3与NTP耦合效果最好,去除效率达到了100%。耦合前后催化剂的表征结果表明,耦合反应之后,Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂的比表面积降低了11.23%,Fe3+/(Fe2++Fe3+)含量提高了21.06%,Osur/(Olatt+Osur+Oads)含量减少了2.24%,Fe含量降低了4.69%,P含量增加了4.34倍。产物分析表明耦合后生成的主要产物为磷酸。研究结果表明NTP耦合Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂具有很好的PH3去除效果,为粮食仓储行业去除磷化氢提供理论依据。     

栽培措施对云科粳5号产量及品质的影响

【目的】探究栽培措施(移栽密度、施氮量)对优质粳稻品种云科粳5号产量及品质的影响。【方法】采用大田裂区设计,设置4个氮肥施用量(N 0、150、240、330 kg/hm²)和4个移栽密度(24万、30万、36万、42万苗/hm²)处理,测定稻谷产量性状、叶片SPAD值、糙米率、直链淀粉、精米率、垩白粒率、蛋白质、胶稠度等,探究施氮量和栽培密度对粳稻云科粳5号产量和品质的影响。【结果】在0～330 kg/hm²范围内,随着氮肥用量的增加,分蘖明显增加,高氮条件下个体分蘖数最高,达18.80个/穴;而随着移栽密度的增加,分蘖逐渐降低;产量随着移栽密度增加整体呈下降趋势,各施氮量处理下,移栽密度为24万苗/hm²获得最高产13 308 kg/hm²。云科粳5号在240 kg/hm²高氮水平下易取得高产,配合适宜的移栽密度能够进一步提高水稻产量;随着氮肥用量逐渐增加,垩白粒率、垩白度、胶稠度整体呈增加趋势,36万苗/hm²移栽密度在各施氮量...     

澜沧江西藏段鱼类群落结构及多样性

为了解澜沧江西藏段鱼类群落现状,于2017-2019年对澜沧江西藏段干流及主要支流的鱼类资源进行了实地调查,并分析和评价了鱼类群落的结构特征及多样性.结果显示,澜沧江西藏段现有鱼类2目5科(亚科)13种,其中土著鱼类9种,外来鱼类4种;摄食生态类型包括杂食性(占比92.3％)和肉食性(占比7.7％)2种;栖息类型包括3...     

Compensatory growth and body composition of juvenile black rockfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sebastes schlegeli</Emphasis> following feed deprivation

ABSTRACT:   Compensatory growth, feeding rate, feed efficiency and chemical composition of juvenile black rockfish (mean weight 1.43 g) were investigated for 35 days after a 14-day feed deprivation treatment under four feeding conditions: one group continuously fed (control) and the other three groups fasted for 5 days (F5), 10 days (F10) and 14 days (F14). All fasted fish were re-fed from day 15. Only F5 achieved the same body weight as the control, indicating that complete compensation occurred in F5. The specific growth rate (SGR) of F5 was the highest at day 21 and then decreased thereafter, showing higher values than the control at days 21, 28 and 42. In contrast, although SGRs of F10 and F14 were higher than that of the control during the whole refeeding period except day 21, they did not catch up the control in body mass, indicating that only partial compensation occurred in F10 and F14. The feeding rate (FR) of all groups except F14 changed in a pattern similar to SGR (Spearman's rank correlation, r _s > 0.9), suggesting that SGR varied depending on FR. Similar feeding efficiencies (FEs) were found in the four groups and they did not vary significantly during the whole refeeding period, suggesting that FE was not the factor affecting SGR. At day 14, the ratios of lipid to lean body mass in F10 and F14 were lower than those in the control and F5, and there was no difference between the control and F5. At day 49, however, only F14 showed a lower value than the other three groups, and there was no difference among the three groups. These results indicate that juvenile black rockfish fasted for 5–14 days can exhibit compensatory growth after refeeding, but timing and degree vary depending on the duration of feed deprivation.