SSR and STS markers for wheat stripe rust resistance gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">Yr26</Emphasis>

Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating wheat diseases worldwide. Triticum aestivum-Haynaldia villosa 6VS/6AL translocation lines carrying the Yr26 gene on chromosome 1B, are resistant to most races of Pst used in virulence tests. In order to better utilize Yr26 for wheat improvement, we attempted to screen SSR and EST-based STS markers closely linked with Yr26. A total of 500 F₂ plants and the F_2:3 progenies derived from a cross between 92R137 and susceptible cultivar Yangmai 5 were inoculated with race CYR32. The analysis confirmed that stripe rust resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene, Yr26. Among 35 pairs of genomic SSR markers and 81 pairs of STS markers derived from EST sequences located on chromosome 1B, Yr26 was flanked by 5 SSR and 7 STS markers. The markers were mapped in deletion bins using CS aneuploid and deletion lines. The closest flanking marker loci, Xwe173 and Xbarc181, mapped in 1BL and the genetic distances from Yr26 were 1.4 cM and 6.7 cM, respectively. Some of these markers were previously reported on 1BS. Eight common wheat cultivars and lines developed from the T. aestivum-H. villosa 6VS/6AL translocation lines by different research groups were tested for presence of the markers. Five lines with Yr26 carried the flanking markers whereas three lines without Yr26 did not. The results indicated that the flanking markers should be useful in marker-assisted selection for incorporating Yr26 into wheat cultivars.     

谷子miR169家族及其靶基因的鉴定与功能分析

microRNA广泛参与植物中多个生长发育过程,miR169家族是最保守的miRNA家族之一。对谷子miR169（sit-miR169）家族进行生物信息学分析,包括染色体分布、系统进化、碱基保守性、二级结构和sit-miR169及其靶基因的表达。鉴定了15个sit-miR169,分布于7条染色体上。系统进化分析显示,sit-miR169家族前体sit-MIR169大致可以分为2簇,部分sit-MIR169成员与水稻osa-MIR169家族成员亲缘关系较近。sit-miR169的前体均可形成稳定的二级茎环结构,成熟体均产生于前体的5′端臂上,且成熟序列的碱基保守性很强。sit-miR169在花、叶和根中均有表达,具有明显组织表达特异性。sit-miR169的靶基因主要是NF-YA转录因子基因,此外还有L型凝集素类受体蛋白激酶、ω-6脂肪酸去饱和酶、转运蛋白Sec1a、SDG40蛋白、环指跨膜蛋白和核糖体大亚基假尿苷合酶SVR1基因等。miR169通过调控靶基因,尤其是NF-YA的表达量来影响植物的生长发育和对环境的应答。谷子NF-YA基因主要在根和穗中表达,表现出明显的组织表达特异性。此外,sit-miR169靶基因的表达受环境诱导,如干旱条件能进一步诱导Seita.9G521100基因在根中的表达。     

圣女果罐头加工工艺

圣女果属茄科番茄属,又称水果番茄或樱桃番茄,其形状多为鸡心形,晶莹剔透,营养丰富。笔者以圣女果为主要原料,研制出营养丰富、美味适口的圣女果罐头。具体制作工艺如下。     

一氧化碳(CO)在植物体内的生理生化作用研究进展

为了促进一氧化碳(CO)在植物生理生化方面的研究,本文归纳了CO在植物体中的生物合成途径,CO作为信号分子对植物各种生理功能的调控,以及CO与其他信号分子之间的相互作用。经过分析得出,CO在植物生物胁迫过程中的作用及其作用机制方面的研究还很少,因此,CO在这方面的研究将会成为今后的研究重点。     

‘菱花湛露’牡丹鳞芽组织培养技术研究

为实现牡丹的工厂化育苗提供理论的依据,建立牡丹品种‘菱花湛露’的组培快繁体系,以‘菱花湛露’的鳞芽为外植体,以MS、改良MS、WPM、改良WPM为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的6-BA、NAA等植物生长调节剂,经试验对比筛选出‘菱花湛露’的最佳增殖培养基为改良WPM+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+GA3 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖 25 g/L+琼脂6 g/L+AgNO3 10 mg/L,增殖系数可达3.7;生根培养基为1/2改良WPM+IBA 10 mg/L+蔗糖35 g/L+AgNO3 10 mg/L+活性炭（0.1%）时,生根率为47.9%。     

Varietal difference in physicochemical properties of pigmented rice varieties

The physicochemical properties of pigmented (Midorimochi, Jeokjinjubyeo, and Heukmichalbyeo) and non-pigmented (Hwayoungbyeo) rice varieties were investigated. Starch from non-pigmented rice consisted mainly of large polyhedral granules that were more loosely packed than those of the non-pigmented sample. Pigmented rice showed higher linoleic acid content (36–40%) and hydrolysis rate (63–79%) but lower oleic acid content (35–39%), blue value (0.05–0.17), and viscosity values than the non-pigmented one. Significantly higher mineral content, blue value, and pasting and viscosity values were observed in the Jeokjinjubyeo sample compared to those of the other pigmented rice samples. The Midorimochi variety, on the other hand, exhibited the highest total amino acid (816.82 ng mg⁻¹) and sugar (0.15–3.35 μg g⁻¹) contents and the lowest pasting and viscosity values. No substantial difference in the X-ray diffraction pattern was observed among the samples. Results of this study could serve as baseline information for the quality evaluation of three pigmented rice cultivars and provide a better understanding of their potential uses and food industry applications.     

浅谈在种子质量检测工作中的思考与建议

种子质量与农业生产有着密切关系,质量优劣在很大程度上决定着农作物的增产潜力,农业增产增收离不开高质量的种子.在本文中,笔者结合自己的实际工作经验,提出了在从事种子质量检测工作中的一些思考和建议,以及应该注意的事项以供种子检测者参考.     

不同生育时期干旱胁迫对马铃薯生理生化指标的影响

研究不同生育时期干旱胁迫下马铃薯相关生理生化指标的变化,以期探讨干旱胁迫下马铃薯抗旱的生理机制。选取生产上推广的‘冀张薯8号’和‘夏波蒂’两个马铃薯品种,在旱棚内分区栽培。不同生育时期进行干旱处理,测定马铃薯超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸（Pro）的含量变化。结果表明,各生育时期干旱胁迫下,马铃薯MDA、Pro含量均增加,而SOD活性下降。花期干旱胁迫对马铃薯的生理生化指标影响最大;抗性强的品种MDA、脯氨酸含量增加的幅度较小,SOD的活力较高,而抗旱性弱的品种则相反。抗旱性强的品种在生理生化指标上具有抗旱的调节机制。     

4种城市绿地类型缓解热岛效应比较

为了研究城市不同绿地类型缓解热岛效应的效果大小,在长沙市城区选取4种典型绿地类型的样地及其相邻裸地,进行实地观测获取温度和湿度数据,通过分析,结果表明：降温效应和增湿效应都是乔木林>乔灌林>灌丛>草地;乔木林、乔灌林、灌丛和草地的温度变化指数分别是7.32、6.59、5.33和4.10,湿度变化指数依次为16.87、13.23、9.42和7.61。结论表明：不同类型的绿地因其内部结构和垂直结构不同,降低城市热岛效应的强度不一样,长沙市4种典型绿地类型减缓城市热岛效应强度的大小排序是乔木林>乔灌林>灌丛>草地;为减缓城市热岛效应的影响,在城市绿地建设中,长沙市应加大乔木林、乔灌林建设的面积,减少灌丛和草地建设面积。     

高硼胁迫对观赏凤梨植株生长和元素含量的影响

以观赏凤梨为试材,研究了高硼胁迫对植株生长、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖和淀粉含量、元素含量的影响。结果表明,与不施硼相比,施硼抑制了观赏凤梨地上部和根系的生长,随硼浓度增加,抑制程度增加;施硼引起植株中下部叶片叶尖发黄焦枯坏死,叶片叶绿素含量降低;施硼引起叶片和根系可溶性糖和淀粉含量下降;施硼提高了根系N、P、Fe、Mn、Zn含量,但降低了叶片这些元素含量,引起叶片和根系Cu含量的下降。表明,观赏凤梨对硼过量的反应非常敏感,栽培基质或灌溉水中含硼不利于观赏凤梨植株生长。