Survey of Theileria lestoquardi antibodies among Sudanese sheep

The prevalence of Theileria lestoquardi antibodies in Sudanese sheep from nine geographical areas in Sudan was determined using indirect fluorescent antibody "IFA" test. Out of 315 samples examined, 51 (16.2%) were found positive and ranged between 23.4% in River Nile State and 10% in Kasala and Darfour Provinces with an overall prevalence of 16.2% indicating widespread distribution of the infection. We also report on presence of antibodies reactive to Theileria annulata in sheep sera.     

Strain specificity of the immune response of pigs following vaccination with various strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

The primary objective of the study was to determine strain specificity of the immune response of pigs following vaccination with selected strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The experimental design included five groups (I through V, six pigs per group) free of antibody for PRRSV at the beginning of the experiment (day 0). On day 0, groups III, IV, and V were vaccinated with attenuated versions of PRRSV strains 8, 9, and 14, respectively. On day 21, the immunity of group II (non-vaccinated/challenged controls) and groups III, IV, and V was challenged by exposing each pig to a composite of the virulent versions of these same three strains. On day 35, all pigs, including non-vaccinated/non-challenged pigs of group I, were necropsied. Lungs and selected lymph nodes were examined for lesions. Serum samples obtained at weekly intervals throughout the study and lung lavage fluids obtained at necropsy were tested for the presence of PRRSV and its strain identity. Before challenge the strain of PRRSV identified in the sera of vaccinated pigs was always that with which the particular pig had been vaccinated (i.e. homologous strain), whereas, with one exception, only heterologous strains were identified after challenge. This apparent strain exclusion as a result of vaccination was statistically significant (P = 0.004). The tendency for heterologous strains to predominate after challenge suggests that a pig's immune response to PRRSV has some degree of strain specificity. Whether this finding has any clinical relevance in regard to immunoprophylaxis remains to be determined.     

雏鹅卷棘口吸虫与大肠杆菌混合感染的诊治

卷棘口吸虫是棘口科的各属吸虫之通称。家禽的棘口吸虫病是由棘口科棘口属的吸虫寄生于鸡、鸭、鹅等禽鸟类的直肠和盲肠,在各地普遍流行,除鸡、鸭、鹅外,猪、猫、家鼠、兔和人均可感染,对雏禽危害较大。虫体呈细长叶状,呈肉红色,体表具有小刺。体长7．6～12．6mm,最大宽度1．26～1．6mm。中间宿主为螺蛳、蝌蚪,鹅吞食含有囊蚴的中间宿主而被感染。     

蚕茧收购应设样品标准

<正> 关中蚕桑发展缓慢的主要原因之一是价格偏低,一是基本价低,即使经营得好,亩产鲜茧50—70公斤,按标准牌价计产值也只有200—250元,竟争不过其它作物。二是收购中有压级压价现象。鲜茧检验中的外观指标如含水、色泽、上茧率等,因为没有实物样品作标准,收购人员不好掌     

水禽非传染性腹泻发生的原因及防治措施

水禽的腹泻在临床上很常见,它不仅影响水禽的生产性能,还可影响水禽的健康和环境卫生,使水禽生长缓慢、饲料报酬低,给水禽饲养造成很多不利,已成为影响水禽业经济效益的重要原因之一。因此,认真分析水禽发生非传染性腹泻的原因,对于在生产中如何进行预防显得更为重要。     

Use of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and dietary calcium to improve tenderness of beef from the round of beef cows

The objective of this trial was to determine how 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25-OH D(3)) supplementation, altering supplemental dietary calcium, or their combination influence postmortem biochemical and tenderness changes in muscles from the round of mature cows. Twenty-seven Angus cows (3 to 7 yr old) were allotted randomly to 9 pens with 3 cows per pen. Treatments were arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial design with 3 dosages of 25-OH D(3) (0, 250, or 500 mg of 25-OH D(3) administered as a 1-time oral bolus 7 d before slaughter) and 3 percentages of supplemental limestone (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0%) replenished in the diet for 3 d before slaughter and after a 2-wk limestone withdrawal. Plasma samples were obtained during the feeding period. Upon slaughter, adductor, gracilus, pectineus, sartorius, semimembranosus, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis muscles were obtained and aged for 1, 3, or 7 d. Calcium concentrations were increased in plasma when 250 or 500 mg of 25-OH D(3) were administered (P 相似文献   

饲养笨雏鸡要防好非传染性疾病

<正>近几年,北方农村在饲养小笨鸡,也就是当地的一种土鸡。一般都进行散养,喂自产的粮食,虽然周期长些,而肉、蛋品质好,又无公害,深受消费者青睐,有着广阔市场。在育雏期普遍存在雏鸡成活率低,虽然重视传染病的预防,但忽视了非传染病的预防。据3年来门诊统计,死于非传染性疾病的     

鉴别显色培养基在奶牛乳房炎病原菌快速鉴定中的应用

为研发用于奶牛乳房炎常见病原菌分离鉴定的鉴别显色培养基,并检验其与普通分离鉴定培养基辅以生化鉴定和16S rRNA核酸序列测定两种传统方法鉴定结果的一致性,笔者以生物信息学方法筛出各种属细菌的特异性酶、可作为唯一碳源发酵产酸的碳源,然后合成酶显色底物,连同碳源、酸碱指示剂制备显色培养基,将各种属标准菌株、野生型菌株涂布培养,评估菌落形态、菌落颜色及培养基基质颜色变化。采集隐性乳房炎(CMT法检测)及临床型乳房炎病例的牛奶样品(絮状物、凝块、清亮状或血乳)共计482份,用鉴别显色培养基和两种传统方法进行病原菌的分离、鉴定。鉴别显色培养基上菌落纯化后提取DNA用于16S rRNA序列扩增,产物送去测序(n=194)。以两种传统方法为参考,判定鉴别显色培养基鉴定病原菌的可靠性,用SAS 9.4的FREQ程序计算鉴别显色培养基的简单科恩κ系数。鉴别显色培养基上常见乳房炎病原菌不同种属的菌落形态和培养基基质颜色明显不同,肉眼即可辨别。鉴别显色培养基与两种传统方法鉴定结果的一致性参数分别为κ=0.70、κ=0.96。鉴别显色培养基能够作为常见奶牛乳房炎病原菌的标准鉴定方法。     

Intravenous and sublingual buprenorphine in horses: pharmacokinetics and influence of sampling site

ObjectiveTo describe the pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of intravenous (IV) and sublingual (SL) buprenorphine in horses, and to determine the effect of sampling site on plasma concentrations after SL administration.Study designRandomized crossover experiment; prospective study.AnimalsEleven healthy adult horses between 6 and 20 years of age and weighing 487–592 kg.MethodsIn the first phase; buprenorphine was administered as a single IV or SL dose (0.006 mg kg^?1) and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each route of administration using a noncompartmental model. In the second phase; the jugular and lateral thoracic veins were catheterized for simultaneous venous blood sampling, following a dose of 0.006 mg kg^?1 SL buprenorphine. For both phases, plasma buprenorphine concentrations were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. At each sampling period, horses were assessed for behavioral excitement and gastrointestinal motility.ResultsFollowing IV administration, buprenorphine mean ± SD half-life was 5.79 ± 1.09 hours. Systemic clearance (Cl) following IV administration was 6.13 ± 0.86 mL kg^?1 minute^?1 and volume of distribution at steady-state was 3.16 ± 0.65 L kg^?1. Following IV administration, horses showed signs of excitement. Gastrointestinal sounds were decreased following both routes of administration; however, none of the horses exhibited signs of colic. There was a significant discrepancy between plasma buprenorphine concentrations measured in the jugular vein versus the lateral thoracic vein following phase 2, thus pharmacokinetic parameters following SL buprenorphine are not reported.Conclusions and clinical relevanceBuprenorphine has a long plasma half-life and results in plasma concentrations that are consistent with analgesia in other species for up to 4 hours following IV administration of this dose in horses. While buprenorphine is absorbed into the circulation following SL administration, jugular venous sampling gave a false measurement of the quantity absorbed and should not be used to study the uptake from SL administration.     

黄曲霉毒素的代谢及对家禽毒害作用机理研究进展

黄曲霉毒素是一种毒性很强的霉菌毒素,对家禽的生产性能的危害是巨大的。当前对黄曲霉毒素在体内代谢机理已经基本清楚,对其对生产性能负面影响机理的研究也取得了突破性进展。但从家禽消化生理方面展开的研究还处于摸索阶段。文章详细论述了黄曲霉毒素在体内的代谢过程,对黄曲霉毒素对家禽生产性能负面影响机理的研究进展作了综述。