Application of acoustic Doppler current profiler combined with a scientific echo sounder for krill Euphausia pacifica density estimation

ABSTRACT:   An application of the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP, 153.6 kHz) in combination with a scientific echo sounder (EK60, 38 and 200 kHz) was investigated to estimate the density of krill Euphausia pacifica . The acoustic backscattering strength from sound scattering layers was compared with biomass estimates from midwater trawls. Euphausia pacifica was targeted among mixed species populations in the sound scattering layer in the offshore Funka Bay area of Hokkaido, Japan. The frequency characteristics of acoustic backscattering by krill were calculated using a distorted wave Born approximation scattering model at three frequencies. Krill aggregations identified from the EK60 data were extracted as the mean volume backscattering strength difference between two frequencies. They were then used to identify similar aggregations in the ADCP data by matching observation times and depths for the two methods, which were applied simultaneously. Results from the comparison of the mean volume backscattering strength and the density calculated from the ADCP and EK60 showed that ADCP can be used to measure density and spatial–temporal distribution of krill aggregations. Current speed and direction at the study site were found to be 16.1 cm/s and 187.0°, respectively, and krill speed and direction (including the current component) were found to be 19.8 cm/s and 172.2°, respectively. Based on the ADCP data, the net speed and direction of the krill aggregations were found to be 5.9 cm/s and 128.0°, respectively.     

不同杀虫剂对油菜花露尾甲成虫的室内毒力测定及田间防效

为筛选出防治陕西省冬油菜区油菜花露尾甲高效安全的杀虫剂,选用5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂、25%溴氰菊酯乳油、20%呋虫胺水分散粒剂、30%噻虫嗪悬浮剂、10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂、20%氯虫苯甲酰胺等6种杀虫剂,采用浸虫法和田间小区试验分别对油菜花露尾甲进行了室内毒力测定和田间防效评价。结果表明：6种药剂对油菜花露尾甲均有较高的毒力,24 h的LC₅₀值均低于40 mg/L,其中20%呋虫胺WG毒力最强,10%溴氰虫酰胺OD次之,30%噻虫嗪SC毒力最弱,LC₅₀分别为5.236 mg/L、9.650 mg/L和35.078 mg/L,6种杀虫剂毒力大小排序：20%呋虫胺WG>10%溴氰虫酰胺OD>25%溴氰菊酯EC>20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC>5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EW>30%噻虫嗪SC。田间防效试验结果表明,6种药剂在试验剂量下使用安全无药害,对油菜花露尾甲均有一定的防效,药后1 d、3 d、7 d各处理防效分别达79.3%~91.25%、88.24%~97.95%、72.47%~98.86%,其中20%呋虫胺WG3 000倍液和10%溴氰虫酰胺OD4 000倍液效果最好,20%呋虫胺WG3 000倍液3 d时防效是所有处理中最高的（97.95%）,10%溴氰虫酰胺OD4 000倍液7 d时防效是所有处理中最高的（98.86%）,且两种杀虫剂药后1 d、3 d、7 d的防效均在85%以上。生产中选择防治油菜花露尾甲药剂应兼具速效性、持效性和对传粉益虫蜜蜂安全,可选20%呋虫胺WG或10%溴氰虫酰胺OD在现蕾未开花时使用,20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC在油菜进入花期后使用。     

Identification of regulated proteins by resveratrol in glutamate-induced cortical injury of newborn rats

Glutamate induces neuronal damage by generating oxidative stress and neurotoxicities. The neurological damage caused by glutamate is more severe during brain development in newborns than in adults. Resveratrol is naturally present in a variety of fruits and medicinal plants and exerts a neuroprotective effect against brain damage. The goal of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol and to identify changed proteins in response to resveratrol treatment during glutamate-induced neonatal cortical damage. Sprague-Dawley rat pups (7 days old) were randomly divided into vehicle, resveratrol, glutamate, and glutamate and resveratrol groups. The animals were intraperitoneally injected with glutamate (10 mg/kg) and/or resveratrol (20 mg/kg) and their brain tissue was collected 4 hr after drug administration. Glutamate exposure caused severe histopathological changes, while resveratrol attenuated this damage. We identified regulated proteins by resveratrol in glutamate-induced cortical damaged tissue using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Among identified proteins, we focused on eukaryotic initiation factor 4A2, γ-enolase, protein phosphatase 2A subunit B, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. These proteins decreased in the glutamate-treated group, whereas the combination treatment of glutamate and resveratrol attenuated these protein reductions. These proteins are anti-oxidant proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins. These results suggest that glutamate induces brain cortical damage in newborns; resveratrol exerts a neuroprotective effect by controlling expression of various proteins with anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic functions.     

苗期施用钠复合肥增强梭梭抗逆性的初步研究

利用盆栽育苗的方法,施用钠复合肥后培育梭梭植株,使其正常生长70 d后干旱20 d进行沙地移栽试验,3个月后生长期结束测定其形态指标、生物量以及Na⁺和K⁺含量,初步探讨了钠复合肥在培育强抗旱梭梭植株方面所起的作用。与对照(不施任何肥料)和施用(NH₄)₂HPO₄(与钠复合肥含等量的N、P)的处理相比,施用钠复合肥的梭梭株高分别增加了26%和12%;分枝数增加了22%和14%;主茎直径分别增加了48%和23%、主根直径分别增加了37%和24%;冠幅分别增加了57%和28%;根冠比均增加了18%;鲜重分别增加了130%和74%、干重分别增加了154%和74%;地上部的Na⁺含量分别增加了45%和38%,根中的Na⁺含量分别增加了15%和12%;地上部中的K⁺含量差异不显著,根中K⁺含量分别降低了28%和31%。以上结果表明,钠复合肥的施用能有效地促进梭梭的生长并提高其抗旱能力。     

中华竹鼠驯化特性的研究

阐述了中华竹鼠的生活习性 ,并对其栖息地的构建 ,食物过渡 ,合群饲养等驯化特性进行了研究和分析 ,达到了便于人工饲养和繁殖的目的     

关于宁夏地区首次从乳房炎乳样中检出非脱羧勒克菌的研究

从宁夏部分奶牛场(牧场、养殖小区)采集94份临床型乳房炎乳样、70份隐性乳房炎乳样,并分离鉴定出4株非脱羧勒克菌,其中临床型乳房炎分离出1株、隐性乳房炎分离出3株。药敏试验结果表明,4株非脱羧勒克菌均对链霉素、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类、头孢类药物敏感;对磺胺类、林可胺类药物则产生不同程度的耐药性。     

天山北坡某集约化牛场生鲜乳质量安全分析

本文采用国标方法、体细胞检测仪和乳品成分分析仪检测分析了天山北坡某牛场生鲜乳体细胞数、细菌总数、乳成分、密度、冰点、杂质度及有害物质和抗生素等。结果体细胞数为78.06万/m L,细菌总数为23.20万CFU/m L,脂肪为4.48g/100g,非脂乳固体为7.69g/100g,蛋白质为2.87 g/100g,矿物质为0.72g/100g,密度为1.026g/m L,冰点为-0.48℃,杂质度为2.5mg/L。有害物质和抗生素均未检出或远低于限量标准。可以得出:该集约化牛场生鲜乳体细胞数偏高,非脂乳固体和密度未达到国家标准要求。     

动物科学专业实践教学环节教学效果的调查分析与改革思路

动物科学专业是我国高等农业院校均开设的一门传统专业课。动物科学专业所具有的实践性及应用性等学科特点,决定了实践教学环节在分析探讨其整个教学系统中占有非常重要的地位。对动物科学专业实践教学环节的教学效果进行了问卷调查,分析并探讨了其改革思路。结果表明,学生对该专业的实践教学环节总体上是满意的,但在专业技术综合训练及科研训练等方面,尚需在以后的教学方案改革中进一步完善。     

蚕茧价格、蚕种饲养量与蚕药用量关系的格兰杰因果检验

研究蚕桑产业经济中蚕茧价格(CAP)、蚕种饲养量(简称发种量,SSQ)、蚕药用量(SMQ)3个变量之间的关系,有助于科学预测蚕桑产业经济的发展变化规律。选取1991-2009年江苏省海安县蚕桑生产的年度数据,应用格兰杰因果关系检验(Granger causality test)方法,对上述3个变量进行平稳性检验、变量的一阶差分与单位根检验和格兰杰因果关系检验。结果表明,蚕茧价格与发种量、发种量与蚕药用量之间存在格兰杰因果关系,蚕茧价格与蚕药用量之间不存在格兰杰因果关系,即:蚕茧价格增长能引起发种量的增加,但发种量增加却不是蚕茧价格增长的原因,蚕茧价格对发种量的影响滞后期为2年,到第3年影响程度已逐渐弱化;发种量增加能引起蚕药用量的增加,但影响滞后期只有1年,超过1年后的影响不显著;蚕茧价格与蚕药用量之间从实际趋势看有一定的关联性,但相互之间的影响关系不是直接的,难以建立函数关系。研究结果与蚕桑产业发展变化的实际情况基本相符,认为格兰杰因果关系检验方法可应用于蚕桑产业经济相关因素的发展变化规律研究。     

獒本杂交犬繁育性能研究

通过对獒本杂交犬与当地土种犬发情时间、配种时间、产活仔数、幼犬初生重等的对比研究,发现獒本杂交犬发情时间集中在9~11月份,发情受胎率与母犬年龄及养殖条件有关,常规养殖下3~4岁獒本杂交母犬发情率为100%,2~4岁獒本杂交母犬受胎率达到100%。獒本杂交犬产仔力和哺乳性能等繁育性能指标明显高于本地土种犬,1~5岁龄杂交母犬的平均活产仔数显著高于当地土种犬(P(0.05);仔犬平均初生重显著高于当地土种犬(P(0.05);仔犬断奶平均个体体重显著高于当地土种犬(P(0.01);仔犬断奶平均窝重显著高于当地土种犬(P(0.05);幼犬断奶成活数比土种犬高14.3%。