GAL‐ and VIP‐Immunoreactive Nerve Structures in the Ileum and Large Intestine of Pigs with Dysentery

The morphology, neurochemistry and function of intramural nerve structures in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract are relatively well known, but in normal, healthy individuals. The present study was aimed at investigating the chemical coding of nerve structures in the wall of the ileum and large intestine in normal pigs (n = 3) and in pigs undergoing dysentery (n = 6). Dysentery was evoked by artificial infection of the clinically healthy animals per os with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. All the animals were deeply anaesthetized and transcardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde. The cryostat sections of the intestines were processed for double‐labelling immunohistochemistry using antisera against PGP 9.5, GAL and VIP. In the intramural plexuses of the control pigs, the percentage of GAL‐immunoreactive (GAL‐IR) perykarya varied from 11% (descending colon) to 19% (centrifugal turns of the ascending colon) whereas in the dysenteric pigs, it was distinctly higher, reaching from 28% (ileum) up to 48% (cecum). In the control animals, the percentage of VIP‐IR neuronal somata varied from 3% (descending colon) to 19% (ileum). In dysenteric pigs, it was from 6% (descending colon) up to 28% (cecum). In the muscular coat (MC) and mucous membrane (MM) of the normal intestine, very numerous GAL‐ and VIP‐IR nerve fibres were observed. The nerve fibres in the myenteric plexus (MP) were even more numerous than those in the muscular coat while in the outer (OSP) and inner (ISP) submucous plexuses, they were less abundant. In the dysenteric pigs, the nerve fibres found in MC, MP and OSP were less numerous, whereas those observed in ISP and MM were more abundant than those in the control animals. The present results suggest that GAL and VIP are involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes developing in the porcine gastrointestinal tract during dysentery.     

椰糠对黄瓜穴盘苗生长发育的影响

将草炭、椰糠、蛭石按不同比例配制育苗基质,探讨椰糠对黄瓜秧苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,椰糠具有较好的保水性,酸碱度适合于作为穴盘育苗基质,出苗情况较好,秧苗质量高,证明椰糠是一种良好的园艺栽培基质。     

用吹扫捕集法测定十字花科蔬菜中挥发性物质

采用吹扫捕集技术(Purge and Trap technique)对不同十字花科蔬菜中的挥发性成分进行了富集,以气质联用仪(GC／MS)进行鉴定。结果在白菜、羽衣甘蓝、芥蓝、青花菜、芥菜和大白菜中共鉴定出86种挥发性物质,化合物的种类包括醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、硫醚类等,同时还发现了硫苷降解产物异硫氰酸盐和腈类等化合物。     

施肥和灌溉对蔬菜品质影响的研究进展

综述了蔬菜品质的内涵及施肥、灌溉对蔬菜品质影响的研究进展。综合前人研究结果可以看出,适量增加施肥量通常可改善蔬菜商品品质,并可提高蔬菜产品中蛋白质、游离氨基酸、有机酸等营养物质指标的含量,但过量施肥则常导致总糖、可溶性糖、抗坏血酸等营养成分含量的降低,并可导致卫生品质及风味品质的降低。合理灌溉可以有效提高蔬菜各种品质指标,但对于许多果菜类而言,适当控制浇水量则有利于营养品质的提高。通常情况下,施肥与灌溉对蔬菜产品品质的影响结果受土壤基础肥力、肥料种类及其配比、蔬菜种类、产品成熟度等因素的影响较大。     

毛皮质量的营养调控

影响毛皮质量的因素很多,如品种、性别、年龄、生理状况、饲料营养、饲养管理、加工过程等。本文从饲料营养水平、添加剂的使用等角度论述营养与毛皮品质的关系。     

HPLC法检测发酵玉米粉中的黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2

发酵玉米粉用甲醇∶水(80∶20,V∶V)提取黄曲霉毒素(AFT),经免疫亲合柱(IAC)分离纯化、在线光化学衍生器柱后衍生化后,反相高效液相色谱(HPLC)荧光检测器测定AFT(B1、B2、G1、G2)含量。4种毒素在0.5ng/g和2ng/g2个水平下,样品加标回收率平均值分别为B188.0%和93.6%、B285.2%和85.3%、G192.4%和91.5%、G289.6%和85.6%;5次测定的标准差分别为:B12.5和6.3、B23.5和6.0、G12.8和9.0、G22.3和6.9;4种毒素的方法检出限均达到0.05ng/g。     

不同生长年限王草的营养价值研究

本文对生长第1、2、3年的王草在100cm高度时刈割的营养成分及其体外干物质、有机物降解率进行分析研究。结果表明:不同生长年限王草第1年的粗蛋白质显著高于第2、3年(P<0.05),而中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)显著低于第3年(P<0.05)。干物质、有机物的降解率第1年最高,第3年的最低,但差异不大。     

酵母蛋白饲料培养条件的研究

对啤酒酵母进行发酵试验,结果表明:该酵母最优的培养条件是麦芽汁培养基稀释倍数2.5,培养时间20h,蔗糖添加量10Brix,尿素添加量0.02%,且酵母菌耐酸耐铜的性能好。     

预防奶牛酮病的饲养措施

文章概述了通过适宜的干乳期、提供营养平衡的日粮、控制饲喂含酮体高的饲料、改善粗饲料质量满足泌乳前期高产奶牛营养需要、在干乳期和泌乳前期饲料中使用预防酮病的添加剂等控制奶牛酮病的饲养措施。     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS OF PRESUMED CEREBELLAR CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT IN TWELVE DOGS

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of presumed cerebrovascular accident in 12 dogs are described. Fourteen lesions were seen, commonly (11 of 14) within the gray matter of the cerebellar hemispheres or vermis. Thirteen lesions were hyperintense on T2-weighted images (in 11 dogs) and one was hypointense. Eleven of 14 lesions were within the region supplied by the rostral cerebellar artery or one of its main branches and there was no, or minimal, mass effect. Contrast enhancement was only seen in six lesions and was mild in all. Gradient-echo images provided additional information in two dogs. The appearance of infarction in dogs with diffusion-weighted images (DWI) is similar to that in humans, and provided supportive evidence for the diagnosis of infarction in five dogs. The use of gradient-echo and DWI is recommended for the evaluation of suspected cerebrovascular accidents in dogs. Six of the 12 affected animals were spaniels or spaniel crosses, suggesting a possible breed predisposition.