全世界有些国家重新考虑或取消修建大型水坝的计划

前不久,苏联停止了几项要花数十年时间才能完成的工程计划。这些工程是苏联有史以来规模最大的—筑坝,并使4条向北流的河流改道,以引水灌溉南方的辽阔地区。     

Effects of different management practices on the soil–water balance and crop yield for improved dryland farming in the Chinese Loess Plateau

Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different soil management practices on the water balance, precipitation use efficiency (PUE), and crop yield (i.e. winter wheat and peanut) on a loess soil near Luoyang (east edge of the Chinese Loess Plateau, Henan Province, China). Field plots were set up in 1999 including following soil management practices: subsoiling with mulch (SS), no-till with mulch (NT), reduced tillage (RT), two crops per year (i.e. winter wheat and peanut, TC), and a conventional tillage control (CT). The field plots were equipped to monitor all components of the soil–water balance except evapotranspiration, which was computed by solving the water balance equation. The results showed that although soil management had smaller influence on the magnitude of the water balance components than did precipitation variations, small influences of the applied soil management practices on water conservation during the fallow period can greatly affect winter wheat yield. SS increased consistently precipitation storage efficiency (PSE) and PUE over the 5 years compared to CT except during the wettest year. NT also had a noticeable effect on postharvest water storage during the fallow period; however, the influence on yield of NT depended on the amount of precipitation. TC lowered the winter wheat yield mainly due to the unfavorable soil moisture conditions after growing peanut in summer; however, the harvested peanut gained an extra profit for the local farmer. No matter which kind of soil management practices was adapted, PSE never exceeded 41.6%, which was primarily attributed to high evapotranspiration. From data of five consecutive agricultural years between 2000 and 2005, it could be concluded that SS resulted in the highest PSE, PUE and crop yield. TC also showed promising results considering the economic value of the second crop. NT performed slightly less as SS. CT gave intermediate results, whereas RT was the worst alternative.     

麦茬稻壮秧稀植最化指标与配套技术

对麦茬稻进行了品种、密度、育秧、施肥、喷剂试验。结果表明，壮身稀植与高穗重品种、N素V字施肥是统一的。提出高产理想株型、稀植程度和产量结构，肯定了湿润育秧方式，证实了N、P、K、Zn配合、施Si、喷胆碱复合物和水稻微肥的增产作用。     

马铃薯体细胞杂种主要形态性状和农艺性状鉴定

试验对来自马铃薯栽培种Solanum tuberosum与野生种S.chacoense原生质体融合产生的131个株系进行了形态学观察。结果表明,与亲本相比,大多数体细胞杂种的生长势较亲本弱,所有杂种的株高均小于融合亲本;匍匐茎长度均小于双亲平均数,其中小于栽培种亲本的体细胞杂种占42.1%;大多数体细胞杂种的叶片呈卵园形,叶形指数小于双亲。65%的体细胞杂种叶片有不同程度的褶皱现象。杂种群体的株高分离呈正态分布,匍匐茎长度的分离呈偏态分布。     

LFA—3和IL—2对机体免疫增强作用

以绵羊红细胞膜提取的ＬＦＡ－３和猪外周血单个核细胞所产生的ＩＬ－２，同时或分别与新城疫Ⅳ系疫苗胸肌注射２２日龄雏鸡，测定鸡体ＨＩ抗体效阶及Ｅｔｇ花环形成率的变化，结果表明，ＬＦＡ－３组抗体效价与对照组差异极显著，ＩＬ－２也可显著提高ＩＶ系苗免疫后ＨＩ抗体效价，且两者的作用具有剂量依赖性。     

人参二醇组皂苷的药理学研究概况

查阅了大量文献,从以下几个方面对人参二醇皂苷的药理学研究进行了系统概述:对神经系统的作用、对心血管系统的作用、对失血性休克保护机理的研究、对脂代谢的作用对生殖功能的作用、对蛋白质表达和核酸合成的作用、对免疫功能的影响以及对肾功能的作用等,从中可以看出人参二醇皂苷有极强的药理活性。     

猪血清中天然LFA－3存在的探讨

测定了正常猪血清对ＳＲＢＣ的溶血作用。并根据猪血清对ＳＲＢＣ的破坏作用经ＳＲＢＣ吸收和加入ＳＲＢＣＬＦＡ－３后即显著降低或消失，提出了猪血清破坏ＲＢＣ的作用与血清中游离ＣＤ＿２的存在有关的论断。此外，又根据反复解离和经ＳＲＢＣ吸收后的猪血清具有阻止正常猪血清对ＳＲＢＣ的破坏作用和猪ＰＢＭＣＥ玫瑰花环的形成，认为猪血清中可能存在天然的ＬＦＡ－３，进而对血清游离ＣＤ＿２在淋巴细胞激活中的功能提出了“游离ＣＤ＿２调控途径”的设想。     

计算机视觉技术在玉米生产管理中的应用

计算机视觉技术已经广泛应用于农业生产领域。对计算机视觉技术在玉米种子质量检验、玉米品种的识别、玉米粒形的检测、玉米田间杂草的识别等方面的应用做了介绍。     

Two new glycosidated coumaramides from Clerodendron cyrtophyllum

Two new glycosidated coumaramides clerodendiod A (1) and B (2), together with seven known glycosidic compounds were isolated from the branches of Clerodendron cyrtophyllum Turcz. Clerodendiod A and B were elucidated as β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[6-O-(E)-p-methoxycinnamoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[4-O-((E)-2-(4-acetamidobutylcarbamoyl)vinyl)-phenyl]-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1) and 6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[6-O-(E)-p-methoxycinnamoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[4-O-((E)-2-(4-acetamidobutylcarbamoyl)vinyl)-phenyl]-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2) on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence. The isolated new compound 2 was assayed for the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway and showed potent activity in inhibiting NF-κB which its IC₅₀ values was found to be 24.9 nM.     

Solving Method for Soil Spring Stiffness of Shallow Shield Tunneling

Based on complex variable theory in plane elasticity, the equivalent spring stiffness is derived from the analytical solution by means of simplifying shallow shield tunneling to semi-infinite plane with hole, which is applied to response displacement method. The performances of the analytical solution are evaluated and compared with that of the deep shield tunneling through a series of selected various tunnel depths and soil Poisson's ratios. The relation of compression and shear spring stiffness is discussed. Meanwhile, two factors affected soil spring stiffness, tunnel depth and soil Poisson's ratio, are also analyzed. It is shown that soil spring stiffness of shallow shield tunneling is different from that of deep shield tunneling, and the ratio of compression and shear spring stiffness varies along shallow shield tunneling. It is also found that the value and distribution law of soil spring stiffness of shallow shield tunneling greatly depend on tunnel depth and soil Poisson's ratio.