不同饲养条件对蝇蛆生长发育及蛹虫繁殖性能的影响

在不同饲养条件下饲养蝇蛆,从而建立蝇蛆养殖的最优环境组合量化标准.选择培养基基料中不同奶粉添加量、培养基湿度及饲养密度3个主要因素,每因素设4个水平,进行交叉组合试验,共有64个处理,每个处理设3个重复,观测每个组合条件下饲养蝇蛆的蛆重、蛆长、蛹重、蛹长等指标,以评价这些因素对蝇蛆生长发育及蛹虫繁殖性能的影响.单因素方...     

2018年安徽省部分地区A型禽流感流行率横断面研究

为了解安徽省A型禽流感病毒感染情况,2018年4—5月,在安徽省北部、中部和南部7个市,随机选取各类型场点173个,在每个场点内随机采集35份咽喉/泄殖腔和环境拭子样品,使用荧光RT-PCR进行A型、H5亚型、H7亚型流感病毒核酸检测。结果显示：在4个养殖场、3个活禽批发市场和17个农贸市场检出了A型禽流感病毒,场点阳性率分别为2.9%（4/140）、75.0%（3/4）、80.9%（17/21）,未检出H5和H7亚型流感病毒核酸;A型禽流感群体流行率为11.2%（95%CI：6.5%~15.8%）,个体流行率为1.2%（95%CI：0.9%~1.5%）;活禽交易市场内,禽群感染A型禽流感病毒的风险较高（OR=136,95%CI：32.7~549.4）。结果表明,A型禽流感病毒在养殖和交易环节存在一定的污染,而在活禽交易市场的污染更严重,是今后禽流感防控的重点,需继续加强活禽交易市场的管理和消毒灭源工作。     

Heat stress and effect of shade materials on hormonal and behavior response of dairy cattle: a review

In tropical countries, at high temperatures, several physiological rearrangements occur in cows as they attempt to facilitate heat dissipation and/or reduce metabolic heat production. Following exposure to heat, cattle appear to acclimatize within 2–7 weeks. The failure of homeostasis at high temperatures may lead to reduced productivity or even death. The situation is even worse when humidity adds to high temperature. Livestock with elevated body temperature exhibit lower DMI and growth with less efficiency, reducing profitability for dairy farms in hot and humid climates. Shading of feed and water also offers production advantages. Although several elaborate methods for reducing heat stress in cows have been reported, simple shade materials appear to be the most cost-effective methods that are currently applicable to tropical developing countries. Different materials are being used to provide shade during warm weather. The shade material determines the microclimate—it should be light, strong, durable, weatherproof, good looking and a bad conductor of heat, and free from tendency to condense moisture inside. This review discusses various shade materials and their advantages and disadvantages in different situations.     

伊维菌素控制春乏期羊狂蝇蛆病试验

目的为有效预防和控制羊狂蝇蛆病的发生。方法选用伊维菌素在羊狂蝇成虫完全消失的11月进行驱杀羊狂蝇蛆试验,并以敌敌畏熏蒸作为对照。结果在来年羊狂蝇成蝇出现之前的长达7个月的冬春枯草季节,伊维菌素组驱虫率和驱净率均保持100％,而敌敌畏熏蒸组驱虫率保持94．69％,驱净率仅保持60％。结论选择每年11月份用伊维菌素驱虫一次,可使羊在冬春季节无任何阶段羊狂蝇幼虫寄生。     

Clinicopathological studies on facial eczema outbreak in sheep in Southwest Turkey

After very hot summer, 22 sheep from 5 different flocks consisting of approximately 150-200 animals each were diagnosed with facial eczema in September 2005, in southwest Turkey. Photophobia, corneal opacity, severe ulcers of the facial skin, especially localized around the eyes and mouth, and 3% mortality were the most prominent clinical symptoms. GGT levels of the animals were very high and varying between 261- 328 U/l. While the activities of ALT and total bilirubin were elevated and AST was normal in affected sheep. Total bilirubin level was higher than normal. Seven of the 22 sheep were euthanatized and necropsy was performed on all of these animals. Severe icterus, hepatomegaly, enlarged gallbladder, congestion of mesenteric vessels were the common necropsy findings. Histopathological changes of the liver included necrosis of the hepatocytes, cholangiohepatitis characterized by mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate in the portal area and mild to severe fibrosis around bile ducts. A diagnosis of sporidesmin toxicosis was made based on the histopathology of the livers, the elevation in liver enzymes, and the development of cutaneous lesions consistent with photosensitization and high spore counts in the ruminal contents. Surviving sheep were treated with procaine penicillin + dihidrostreptomycin sulfate, multivitamin complexes and flunixin meglumine. Additionally, zinc sulphate was also given at a dose of 6 gr per 100 lt drinking water for 28 days. All treated sheep recovered. Pasture spore counts were between 96,300- 267,500 spores/g grass.     

猪场母仔保健——“四提高两避免”

<正>母猪生产中重复着产仔─哺乳─断奶─空怀─配种─妊娠─再次产仔的周期。产仔、断奶、配种是母猪在生产周期中的短期行为,由接产技术、断奶技术、配种技术支持;而哺乳、空怀、妊娠则是长期行     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157 ler基因缺失突变株的构建及其特性

以肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H786～24为始发菌株,利用自杀性载体pCVD442,根据同源重组的原理敲除了染色体上的ler基因,构建了O157∶H7 ler基因缺失突变菌株,并对其生物学特性进行了初步研究。荧光定量PCR试验结果表明,始发菌株对HEp-2细胞的平均黏附数量是突变菌株的17倍。试验也证实了ler基因对LEE致病岛毒力基因的正调控作用,这为O157∶H7基因缺失突变弱毒疫苗株的建立奠定了基础。     

Association of Polymorphisms in the 5'Regulator Region of the VIPR-1 Gene with Chicken Broodiness

本研究旨在探索血管活性肠肽Ⅰ型受体(Vasoacitve intestinal peptide type Ⅰ receptor,VIPR-1)基因5'调控区(-496～-1 bp)多态性及其单倍型效应对鸡就巢性的影响,寻找影响肉鸡就巢性的分子标记,为降低或者剔除肉鸡就巢行为的育种研究提供相应依据.采用测序技术对498只清远麻鸡VIPR-1基因5'调控区进行多态性检测及基因型分析,利用最小二乘均数对VIPR-1基因5'调控区的多态位点与就巢性状进行相关分析,利用PHASE软件对多态位点进行单倍型分析.结果,VIPR-1基因5'调控区存在12个多态性位点,G-359T、G-266T、A-134G、A-94G、C-72G对18～43周龄的就巢持续天数影响达到显著水平(P＜0.05),A-94G位点对18～54周龄的就巢率的影响达到显著水平(P＜0.05);构建的单倍型对18～54周龄的就巢持续天数的影响达到极显著水平(P＜0.01).最小二乘分析结果表明,CCTGGGAAC,CAG/TTGGGGAAGCAC型个体的就巢持续天数比其它单倍型个体极显著的延长(P＜0.01).结果表明,VIPR-1基因5'调控区(-496～-1 bp)可能存在影响鸡就巢行为的分子标记,CCTGGGAAGCAG/TTGGGGAAGCAC型个体对鸡就巢性具有较大的遗传效应,可作为分子标记应用于家鸡就巢行为的筛选.     

贺兰山野生有蹄类动物的经济价值及种群动态变化

记述了贺兰山的4种野生有蹄类动物——马麝、马鹿、岩羊、鹅喉羚的经济价值及目前的种群动态变化,对贺兰山野生有蹄类动物的种群致危原因进行了分析,并据此提出了相应的保护管理建议。     

欧拉羊在甘南半农半牧区与山谷型藏羊的适应性对比

从甘南州玛曲县河曲马场引进欧拉羊种公羊30只,投放到卓尼县的半农办牧区进行放牧,观察欧拉羊的行为表现、生长发育、生理生化指标、繁殖性能、发病与死亡情况,结果各项指标正常,适应性良好,充分发挥了种公羊的生产性能,且具有杂交改良山谷型藏羊的优势,引种获得成功。