日粮维生素E水平对后备种母鸡生长发育的影响

研究日粮维生素E对后备种母鸡体形、肌肉和生殖器官生长发育的影响。发现日粮维生素E水平对20周龄后备种母鸡的体重、体重均匀度、胸骨长度、胫长度、屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、翅重率、腹脂率、冠高度和卵巢重量没有显著影响(P>0 05 ), 但高剂量维生素E日粮显著增加输卵管的长度和重量(P<0 05)。结果表明日粮高维生素E水平(180mg/kg) 可加速20周龄后备种母鸡输卵管的生长发育。     

Distribution of alpha‐neoendorphin,ACTH (18–39) and beta‐endorphin (1–27) in the alpaca brainstem

Using an immunocytochemical technique, we have studied in the alpaca brainstem the distribution of immunoreactive structures containing prodynorphin (alpha‐neoendorphin)‐ and pro‐opiomelanocortin (adrenocorticotrophin hormone (18–39) (ACTH), beta‐endorphin (1–27))‐derived peptides. No peptidergic‐immunoreactive cell body was observed. Immunoreactive fibres were widely distributed, although in most of the brainstem nuclei the density of the peptidergic fibres was low or very low. In general, the distribution of the immunoreactive fibres containing the peptides studied was very similar. A close anatomical relationship occurred among the fibres containing alpha‐neoendorphin, ACTH or beta‐endorphin (1–27), suggesting a functional interaction among the three peptides in many of the brainstem nuclei. The number of fibres belonging to the prodynorphin system was higher than that of the pro‐opiomelanocortin system. A moderate/low density of immunoreactive fibres was observed in 65.11% (for alpha‐neoendorphin (1–27)), 18.18% (for ACTH) and 13.95% (for beta‐endorphin) of the brainstem nuclei/tracts. In the alpaca brainstem, a high density of immunoreactive fibres was not observed. The neuroanatomical distribution of the immunoreactive fibres suggests that the peptides studied are involved in auditory, motor, gastric, feeding, vigilance, stress, respiratory and cardiovascular mechanisms, taste response, sleep‐waking cycle and the control of pain transmission.     

Effects of quebracho tannin extract on intake,digestibility, rumen fermentation,and methane production in crossbred heifers fed low-quality tropical grass

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of quebracho tannins extract (QTE) on feed intake, dry matter (DM) digestibility, and methane (CH₄) emissions in cattle fed low-quality Pennisetum purpureum grass. Five heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) with an average live weight (LW) of 295 ± 19 kg were allotted to five treatments (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% QTE/kg DM) in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Intake, digestibility, and total methane emissions (L/day) were recorded for periods of 23 h when cattle were housed in open-circuit respiration chambers. Dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were different between treatments with 0 and 4% of QTE/kg DM (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acid and the molar proportion of acetate in the rumen was not affected (P < 0.05); however, the molar proportion of propionate increased linearly (P < 0.01) for treatments with 3 and 4% QTE. Total CH₄ production decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as QTE increased in the diet, particularly with 3 and 4% concentration. When expressed as DMI and OMI by CH₄, production (L/kg) was different between treatments with 0 vs 3 and 4% QTE (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the addition of QTE at 2 or 3% of dry matter ration can decrease methane production up to 29 and 41%, respectively, without significantly compromising feed intake and nutrients digestibility.     

<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">d</Emphasis>-Cloprostenol enhances estrus synchronization in tropical hair sheep

To compare the effects of PGF2α (dinoprost tromethamine) and d-cloprostenol in a two-dose protocol for estrus synchronization in hair sheep during breeding season in Yucatán, México, two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, 61 cyclic hair sheep were divided into two groups: G1 (control n?=?30), two doses of 50 μg of dinoprost tromethamine IM with 12 days between applications, and G2 (n?=?31), two doses of 50 μg of d-cloprostenol IM at the same time interval. For determination of progesterone levels, 16 ewes from each group were randomly selected. In experiment 2, 70 cyclic hair sheep were assigned at the same treatments (G1 and G2, n?=?35) and 48 h after the second application, the ewes in estrus were detected by two vasectomized rams. Sheep with detected estrus were inseminated, and 45 days after, pregnant animals were identified by ultrasonography. An exact Fisher’s test was performed for the analysis of ewes in estrus (experiments 1 and 2) and number of pregnant ewes (experiment 2); for the comparison of time between end of treatment-estrus presentation, a survival analysis was used. Duration of estrus in hours was analyzed using a generalized mixed model (GLM) ANOVA whereas plasma progesterone concentrations were analyzed by non-linear regression. There were significant differences (P?<?0.05) in the proportion of ewes in estrus upon treatments (G1, 57% vs G2, 87% and G1, 37.1% vs G2, 65.7% in experiments 1 and 2, respectively), and between the end of treatment-onset estrus interval (P?<?0.01), survival curves showed the highest number of sheep in estrus between 40 and 48 h (G1, 43.7?+?8.05 h vs G2, 42.9?+?6.7 h, experiment 1). There were no significant differences (P?>?0.05) in duration of estrus (G1, 42?+?6.1 h, vs G2, 41.1?+?11.2 h, experiment 1) and pregnancy in the ewes that presented estrus, and were inseminated (G1, 38.4% vs 52.1%, experiment 2). With regard to concentrations of progesterone, significant differences (P?<?0.01) were found between treatments, and progesterone levels before the second application of d-cloprostenol were higher. In consideration of the results, it can be concluded that in a two-dose protocol of a luteolytic agent, more ewes presented estrus in response to d-cloprostenol compared to dinoprost tromethamine with similar pregnancy rates.     

Herbage intake of dairy cows in mixed sequential grazing with breeding ewes as followers

This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that mixed sequential grazing of dairy cows and breeding ewes is beneficial. During the seasons of spring–summer 2013 and autumn–winter 2013–2014, 12 (spring–summer) and 16 (autumn–winter) Holstein Friesian cows and 24 gestating (spring–summer) and lactating (autumn–winter) Pelibuey ewes grazed on six (spring–summer) and nine (autumn–winter) paddocks of alfalfa and orchard grass mixed pastures. The treatments “single species cow grazing” (CowG) and “mixed sequential grazing with ewes as followers of cows” (MixG) were evaluated, under a completely randomized design with two replicates per paddock. Herbage mass on offer (HO) and residual herbage mass (RH) were estimated by cutting samples. The estimate of herbage intake (HI) of cows was based on the use of internal and external markers; the apparent HI of ewes was calculated as the difference between HO (RH of cows) and RH. Even though HO was higher in CowG, the HI of cows was higher in MixG during spring–summer and similar in both treatments during autumn–winter, implying that in MixG the effects on the cows HI of higher alfalfa proportion and herbage accumulation rate evolving from lower residual herbage mass in the previous cycle counteracted that of a higher HO in CowG. The HI of ewes was sufficient to enable satisfactory performance as breeding ewes. Thus, the benefits of mixed sequential grazing arose from higher herbage accumulation, positive changes in botanical composition, and the achievement of sheep production without negative effects on the herbage intake of cows.     

山东省青岛市畜禽屠宰管理现状

为了解山东省青岛市畜禽屠宰管理发展现状,优化管理政策措施,开展了畜禽屠宰管理现状调查。调查发现:青岛市肉食消费以猪肉为主,牛、羊、禽、兔肉为副;全市现有生猪定点屠宰企业20家,年屠宰量约220万头;家禽屠宰企业4家,年屠宰量2亿只;牛羊屠宰企业6家,年屠宰量2万头。通过对青岛市畜禽屠宰企业监管体系和追溯体系建设,以及无害化处理等内容进行调研分析,指出当前存在代宰模式隐患多、监管责任难厘清、规范管理待完善等问题,并由此提出严格代宰管理,探索"两检合一"措施,改善产品追溯体系,完善行业管理规定,引导健康消费及加大资金投入等发展建议。     

肉鸡屠宰加工过程中沙门菌污染定量风险评估

为了构建肉鸡屠宰加工过程中沙门菌污染定量风险评估模型,分析鸡肉中沙门菌的消长变化规律,明确关键风险防控点,采用2015年部分肉鸡屠宰场沙门菌污染监测和调研数据,构建以烫煺后为评估过程起点,包括净膛、清洗预冷和分割传送的模块化过程风险评估模型,以不同分布描述各变量,并通过@RISK软件模拟运行。结果显示,通过构建的模型模拟屠宰加工后终端鸡肉产品中的沙门菌污染量,90%的可能分布在0~9MPN之间,而依据实际监测数据换算为5.3 MPN,说明模型可信。根据过程中各环节的模拟数据,分析了肉鸡携带的沙门菌消长变化,发现预冷后沙门菌污染总量明显下降,但分割传送后污染总量又有所回升。通过拟合的相关系数分析,明确了传送带上的沙门菌是影响终端鸡肉沙门菌污染的最关键风险点。本研究构建的肉鸡屠宰加工全过程沙门菌定量风险评估模型,可为肉鸡屠宰场沙门菌污染的卫生监管和风险管理提供理论依据。     

豫南地区野生地被植物资源现状调查与研究

豫南地区野生地被植物资源丰富,为了在城市绿化中引入新的具有利用价值的种类,对以信阳为中心的河南省南部具有典型立地条件的区域的野生地被植物资源进行了调查。结果表明:筛选统计出野生地被植物56科,359属,822种,其中具有较大开发利用价值的50种。通过对50种野生地被植物中的15种进行利用价值研究得出,随着植物的生态适应性的增强,该种植物同时观赏价值、经济价值也相对增高,在园林应用中可利用价值也越大。     

马克思主义生态思想的实践视阈 ——对促进安徽省旅游业可持续发展的启示

马克思恩格斯生态思想是建设社会主义生态文明的理论渊源和行动指南，对于促进资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设有着重要的指导意义。在安徽省旅游业已经进入了转型升级的关键时期，返本开新，深入挖掘马克思主义生态思想的时代精华，对于我们贯彻科学发展观，促进旅游业的可续、健康、快速发展有着不可或缺的启迪作用。     

Effects of remifentanil on monophasic action potential and transmural dispersion of repolarization in rabbit myocardium

AIM: To study the effect of remifentanil on monophasic action potential and transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) in the 3-layer myocardium of isolated rabbit hearts. METHODS: Adult rabbits (n=18, 2.0 ~ 2.5 kg) were used to isolate the hearts for preparing Langendorff perfusion model. The hearts were randomly divided into 3 groups after perfusion with K-H solution for 15 min: the perfusion in control group (C group) continued for 60 min; the hearts in remifentanil group (R group) were perfused with 12 μg/L remifentanil K-H solution for 60 min; the hearts in remifentanil+aminophylline group (RA group) were given 60-min perfusion of 12 μg/L K-H remifentanil+30 mg/L aminophylline. The HR and 3 layers of myocardial monophasic action potential (MAP) in the left ventricular anterior wall were recorded at time points after balanced infusion for 15 min (T₀), and continued perfusion for 15 min (T₁), 30 min (T₂) and 60 min (T₃). The monophasic action potential duration of repolarization at 90% (MAPD₉₀) and the transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) were calculated. The early afterdepolarization, delay afterdepolarization and arrhythmia were also observed. RESULTS: In R group, slower HR and prolonger MAPD₉₀ and TDR at T₁~T₃ were observed as compared with those at T₀ (P<0.05). R group showed slower HR and longer MAPD₉₀ and TDR than C group and RA group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Remifentanil slows the HR, extends the MAPD₉₀ and increases the TDR, thus being prone to induce reentry. Aminophylline makes HR faster and MAPD₉₀ shorter, thereby reducing the TDR.