空肠弯曲菌致GBS动物模型的建立

[目的]利用巴马小香猪构建空肠弯曲菌致GBS的动物模型。[方法]选取致人GBS源空肠弯曲菌株,采用3×1012 cfu/m L、3×1011 cfu/m L、3×1010 cfu/m L、3×109 cfu/m L等浓度对4组巴马小型猪灌胃攻毒,每头猪攻毒10m L,同时设立对照组。从第二周开始定期采集组织样及血液样本,通过免疫学检测及组织病理切片判定病变情况。[结果]免疫学检测发现,在16份攻毒组样品中有12份血清中GM1-Ig G抗体检测阳性,阳性检出率为81.25%。但是,并没有显著的攻毒浓度梯度差异。病理组织切片H/E染色显示,抗体阳性试验猪的大脑出现了噬神经元、小血管周围间隙增宽、神经中央染色溶解等现象;切片LFB染色显示,在发病模型动物的小脑白质和腰膨大出现了轻度脱髓鞘现象。[结论]结果表明空肠弯曲菌诱导GBS的浓度在3×109 cfu/m L~3×1012 cfu/m L均可,组织样本及血液采集在攻毒后4~5周较理想。     

传染病诊断方法的验证

诊断敏感性和特异性是诊断方法验证过程中的两个重要参数。本文通过分析和比较,详细阐述了诊断敏感性和特异性在动物检疫工作中的重要性,厘清了其与分析敏感性和特异性的区别。通过计算分析比较了不同流行率对检测结果可信度的影响,以及在同一流行率下,诊断敏感性和特异性变化对检测结果可信度的影响。结果显示,当流行率低时,诊断特异性对结果可信度的影响更大,诊断特异性的降低会导致阳性检测结果可信度显著下降。因此在进出境动物检疫工作中,不要一味强调分析特性,而要重视诊断特性;既要关注诊断敏感性,做到不漏检;也要关注诊断特异性,做到不误检。     

马尾藻多糖对鸡脾脏淋巴细胞GSH和GSSG水平的影响

为观察马尾藻多糖(SP)对鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内氧化还原状态的影响,无菌分离鸡脾脏淋巴细胞,采用终浓度为12.5、25、50、100、200μg/mL的马尾藻多糖分别刺激培养鸡脾脏淋巴细胞4、8、12、24h,测定细胞内还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)水平。结果表明,各浓度SP与鸡脾脏淋巴细胞共同培养4、8、12h均能不同程度地升高细胞内GSH水平,降低鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内GSSG水平,升高鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内GSH/GSSG比值,与空白对照组相比差异显著或极显著(P0.05或P0.01)。说明SP可以通过调节鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内GSH和GSSG的水平来调节细胞内的氧化还原状态,从而发挥其抗氧化作用。     

Dietary supplementation with sodium bicarbonate improves calcium absorption and eggshell quality of laying hens during peak production

1. The advantage of supplemental sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) on eggshell quality in laying hens changes with age. Besides increasing calcium (Ca) secretion in the eggshell gland, it may improve Ca absorption in the intestine or kidney.

2. Hy-Line Brown layers (n = 384), 25 weeks of age, were allocated to two treatment groups in two experiments, each of which included 4 replicates of 24 hens. Hens were fed a basal diet (control) or the basal diet containing 3 g NaHCO₃ g/kg for 50 or 20 weeks in Experiment 1 or 2, respectively. A 24-h continuous lighting regimen was used to allow hens to consume the dietary supplements during the period of active eggshell formation.

3. In Experiment 1, particularly from 25 to 50 weeks of age, and in Experiment 2, NaHCO₃ supplementation favoured hen-d egg production at the expense of lower egg weight. The increased eggshell thickness should have nothing to do with the additional eggshell formation, because of the unchanged egg mass and daily eggshell calcification.

4. At 35 weeks of age in both experiments, NaHCO₃ supplementation increased duodenal expression of calbindin-d28k (CaBP-D28k) protein, contributing to higher Ca retention and balance.

5. From 50 to 75 weeks of age in Experiment 1, the hens had little response to NaHCO₃ supplementation and showed a negative trend on eggshell thickness and strength.

6. It is concluded that dietary supplementation with 3 g NaHCO₃ g/kg improves Ca absorption and eggshell quality of laying hens during the peak but not late production period, with the introduction of continuous lighting.

     

Genetic characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains in Beijing,China and innate immune responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in persistently infected dairy cattle

To acquire epidemiological data on the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and identify cattle persistently infected (PI) with this virus, 4,327 samples from Holstein dairy cows were screened over a four-year period in Beijing, China. Eighteen BVD viruses were isolated, 12 from PI cattle. Based on genetic analysis of their 5''-untranslated region (5''-UTR), the 18 isolates were assigned to subgenotype BVDV-1m, 1a, 1d, 1q, and 1b. To investigate the innate immune responses in the peripheral-blood mononuclear cells of PI cattle, the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors, interferon-α (IFN-α), IFN-β, myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1 (MX1), and interferon stimulatory gene 15 (ISG15) was assessed by qPCR. When compared with healthy cattle, the expression of TLR-7, IFN-α, and IFN-β mRNA was downregulated, but the expression of MX1 and ISG-15 mRNA was upregulated in PI cattle. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that the expression of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and IRF-7 was lower in PI cattle than in healthy cattle. Thus, BVDV-1m and 1a are the predominant subgenotypes in the Beijing region, and the strains are highly divergent. Our findings also suggest that the TLR-7/IRF-7 signaling pathway plays a role in evasion of host restriction by BVDV.     

苌楚鸠蝠蛾的生物学特性及防治研究

苌楚鸠蝠蛾Ｐｈａｓｓｕｓ ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｅ Ｙａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ是福建近年来严重为害猕猴的一种新的蛀干害虫。我们于１９８４－１９８９年在建宁县猕猴桃试验站进行研究。该虫一年一代，以卵在树兜的地面越冬，幼虫为害猕猴桃植株韧皮部和髓部，外部形成虫屑包，内部形成蛀道，阻滞养分和水分的正常输送，轻者枝叶发黄，重者风折枯死。除选用抗虫品种外，采用２．５％溴氰菊脂１∶５０００液灌注；９０％敌百虫晶体１     

兴安落叶松天然林生长与收获的研究

本文用临时标准地资料,借助多元回归分析技术探讨林分生长与收获模型,并建立了参数回收模型(PRM),为预估兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii Rupr.)天然林林分结构和收获量,编制现实收获表提供新途径。一、研究资料与方法研究数据取自原内蒙古大兴安岭牙克石林管局中、南部七个林业局的兴安落叶松天